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62-519: It was created to be a direct competitor of Volkswagen Up! , with similar dimensions and characteristics, including the rear glass cover in the Up! since 2011. In November 2014, rumours began about an alleged city car, which was codenamed "Project 341" or "X1H", which would be launched by Fiat in the beginning of 2016. On 13 April 2016, Fiat presented the Mobi's first official prototype, after various images released on

124-569: A Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) petrol engine . The four-seater space up! blue concept, the third variant of the Volkswagen Up concept series, debuted at the 2007 Los Angeles Auto Show . The Space Up Blue was visually the same as the Space Up and shared its length and width, but it included a different roof with a 150  watt solar cell which recharges the batteries. This means its height increases to 1.57 metres (5 ft 2 in) and

186-492: A driveshaft providing power to the rear wheels. Like the rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout (RR) and rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout (RMR) layouts, it places the engine over the drive wheels, improving traction in many applications. As the steered wheels are also the driven wheels, FWD cars are generally considered superior to RWD cars in conditions in which there is low traction such as snow, mud, gravel or wet tarmac. When hill climbing in low-traction conditions RR

248-530: A different rear door design with sectioned glass and wind-down windows. The South American model retains the European version's safety levels with a five-star crash rating and ample use of high-strength steel elements. In July 2015, Volkswagen introduced a new powertrain for the Up sold in Brazil, using a 1.0-litre, direct fuel injection three-cylinder turbocharged engine. In mid-December 2016, Volkswagen presented

310-522: A four-door Cross model. Where the Up concept used a rear-engine, rear-wheel drive layout , the 2011 production model has a front-engine, front-wheel drive layout , using the NSF platform, with a 3-cylinder 1.0-litre petrol engine. It was originally reported that the Up concept would be produced under the name Lupo, like the Volkswagen Lupo that was discontinued in 2005. Eventually this plan changed and

372-462: A great deal of space, is packaged in a location passengers and luggage typically would not use. The main deficit is weight distribution —the heaviest component is at one end of the vehicle. Car handling is not ideal, but usually predictable. In contrast with the front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout (RWD), the FWD layout eliminates the need for a central tunnel or a higher chassis clearance to accommodate

434-646: A similar powertrain arrangement found in the Renault 21 and 25 – later becoming the basis for the Chrysler LH sedans produced until the 2004 model year. Today, Audi is the most prominent user of this mechanical layout, having used it since the 1950s in its predecessor companies DKW and Auto Union , and it can be found in its larger models from the A4 upward. The latest evolution of the format in Audi's MLB platform attempts to address

496-419: A wheelbase of 2.19 metres (7 ft 2 in). Front-engine, front-wheel drive layout In automotive design , a front-engine, front-wheel-drive (FWD) layout , or FF layout , places both the internal combustion engine and driven roadwheels at the front of the vehicle . Historically, this designation was used regardless of whether the entire engine was behind the front axle line. In recent times,

558-416: A wide steering angle to be achieved. A flexible rubber boot fitted to each joint retains grease and keeps out dirt and moisture. Where the differential is not located in the center line of the vehicle, an intermediate shaft can be fitted to maintain equal length drive shafts on each side. This keeps drive shaft angles equal on both sides and helps prevent steering irregularities and vibration. The outer end of

620-506: Is 65 mm (2.6 in) longer), thanks to revisions to the floorpan's rear section to accommodate a larger fuel tank (50 L instead of Europe's 35 L), a full-sized spare wheel and increased cargo space. All versions have revised tailgates with a painted metal section (like the Seat Mii's and Škoda Citigo's) instead of the dark glass trim used in Europe. The five-door Brazilian Up also uses

682-733: Is a city car produced by the Volkswagen Group from 2011 to 2023. It was unveiled at the 2011 International Motor Show Germany (IAA). Production of the Up started with the model year of 2012, in December 2011 at the Volkswagen Plant in Bratislava, Slovakia. It is part of the New Small Family (NSF) series of models, alongside the SEAT Mii and Škoda Citigo which are rebadged versions of

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744-583: Is a rebadged version of the Up, with slightly different front and rear fascias. The Citigo was launched in the Czech Republic in October 2011. It began sales in other European countries from summer 2012. It was manufactured at the Volkswagen Plant in Bratislava, Slovakia. Plans for sales in Russia and most other CIS countries were cancelled due to its dimensions being deemed too small for the market. The Škoda Citigo

806-650: Is a front-wheel drive with transverse engine mated to a five-speed manual gearbox and is 3.54 metres (139 in) long has a wheelbase of 2.42 m (95 in). The cabin is configured to four seats. The Up range included the Up GTI, which was previewed by the GT Up concept. Released in January 2018, the Up GTI feature a turbocharged version of the 1.0-litre three-cylinder engine producing 115 PS (113 bhp; 85 kW). An electric hybrid Up — which would be badged Blue-e-motion —

868-443: Is caused by differing drive shaft lengths which in turn results in different incident angles at the joints of the driveshaft. The farther these joints are articulate, the less effective they are at delivering torque to the wheels. In front wheel drive vehicles, the drive shafts transfer the drive directly from the differential to the front wheels. A short inner stub shaft is splined to the differential side gear and an outer stub shaft

930-450: Is considered the best two-wheel-drive layout, primarily due to the shift of weight to the rear wheels when climbing. The cornering ability of an FWD vehicle is generally better, because the engine is placed over the steered wheels. However, as the driven wheels have the additional demands of steering, if a vehicle accelerates quickly, less grip is available for cornering, which can result in understeer . High-performance vehicles rarely use

992-459: Is sourced from 18  kilowatt-hours (kWh) lithium-ion batteries, which will give a range up to 130 km (81 miles). Quick charging will charge the battery up to 80% in an hour, while a regular 230 volt plug will take five hours. The roof of the E-up has a 1.4 square metre solar cell which supplies power to the vehicle's electrics, and when parked can power ventilation fans to help cool

1054-430: Is splined to the front wheel hub. Each stub shaft has a yoke, or housing, to accommodate a universal joint , at each end of a connecting intermediate shaft. Universal joints let the shaft keep rotating while allowing for changes due to suspension movement, such as shaft length and horizontal angle, and shaft angle as the steering turns. Constant-velocity universal joints are normally used to transfer power smoothly between

1116-520: The NEDC cycle , can accelerate from 0-62 mph (100 km/h) in 12.4 seconds and has a top speed of 130 km/h (81 mph). The E-up can be charged with 2.3 kW plugged into any standard 230 V socket, with 3.6 kW via a home-installed wall box or with up to 40 kW plugged into a DC fast-charging station via the optional Combined Charging System (CCS), which allows the battery to charge up to 80% in under 30 minutes. The production version has

1178-681: The Volkswagen Fox ). The 'butterfly' doors open in a similar manner to those on the Mazda RX-8 ; the front doors conventionally hinged at the front, whilst the rears are hinged at the rear from the C-pillar, eliminating the B-pillar. Its wheelbase is also larger at 2.56 metres (8 ft 5 in) but retains the same width as the Up at 1.63 metres (5 ft 4 in). Also for the first time Volkswagen showed images of its internal combustion engine ,

1240-695: The "transmission-in-sump" layout included the Datsun 100A (Cherry) and various applications of the PSA-Renault X-Type engine such as the Peugeot 104 and Renault 14 . The 1955 Suzuki Suzulight also introduced a front engine with a transversely installed two-stroke twin-cylinder engine (using DKW technology) in a city car / kei car application, based on the German Lloyd LP400 . Dante Giacosa 's Autobianchi Primula of 1964, Fiat 128 and Fiat 127 , put

1302-626: The 2011 production model was named the Up. At the International Motor Show Germany in 2011, Volkswagen unveiled the final version of the Up based on the Volkswagen New Small Family (NSF) modular architecture . The three-door bodywork is inspired by the 2007 concept Up, the engine range is 1.0-litre three-cylinder gasoline 60 hp (45 kW) and 75 hp (56 kW). Both the three and five doors are available with engines running on CNG and called eco-Up. The Up

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1364-453: The 63rd International Motor Show Germany in 2009. The 3.19 metres (10 ft 6 in) long all-electric E-up uses a 3+1 seat configuration. It uses a 60 kW (82 PS; 80 bhp) (continuously rated at 40 kW (54 PS; 54 bhp)) all-integrated drive electric motor, mounted at the front and drives the front wheels. This electric motor generates a torque turning force of 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft) from rest. Power

1426-457: The Citigo. A fully electric version, the SEAT Mii electric , with a 36.8kWh lithium-ion battery and a range of 205 km (127 mi), was mass produced from 2019 to 2020. In 2020, SEAT decided to discontinue the electric models, following the 2021 discontinuation of the entire Mii lineup. From 2007 through to 2010 Volkswagen showed a number of concept versions of the Up prior to the launch of

1488-457: The Cord L-29 was not ideal; the driven wheels did not carry a large enough proportion of weight for good traction and handling. The 1934 Citroën Traction Avant solved the weight distribution issue by placing the transmission at the front of the car with the differential between it and the engine. Combined with the car's low slung unibody design, this resulted in handling which was remarkable for

1550-414: The FWD layout because weight is transferred to the rear wheels under acceleration, while unloading the front wheels and sharply reducing their grip, effectively capping the amount of power which could realistically be utilized; in addition, the high power of high-performance cars can result in torque steer . Electronic traction control can avoid wheel-spin but largely negates the benefit of extra power. This

1612-683: The Internet and the information that had already appeared on some automotive magazines, confirming the rumours about this new vehicle. It replaces the Fiat Mille , and replace the basic version of Fiat Uno called the Vivace and would come to compete with the other market leaders in the A-segment of the market with other models like Volkswagen up! and the Renault Kwid . The "X1H," which would also be derived from

1674-986: The Latin-American Volkswagen Up was evaluated under the Latin NCAP assessment and achieved a 5-star security rating for adults and 4-star security rating for children : In 2011, the SEAT Mii was evaluated for its safety performance under the Euro NCAP assessment scheme and it achieved a 5-star overall rating : The CITIGO in its standard European market configuration received 3 stars from Euro NCAP in 2019. The up! in its standard European market configuration received 3 stars from Euro NCAP in 2019. The Mii in its standard European market configuration received 3 stars from Euro NCAP in 2019. In February 2019 Green NCAP assessed Volkswagen Up GTI with 1.0-litre TSI engine and 6-speed manual gearbox: The Škoda Citigo

1736-629: The Netherlands, and the UK at the end of January 2014. The E-up! is not sold in the U.S. or Canada. As of January 2020, Volkswagen have sold 21,000 E-up! Worldwide. (62 mph) All fluids, 50% fuel Both engines are also available with BlueMotion technologies (SEAT: Ecomotive, Škoda: Green Tech), which incorporates a start-stop system and regenerative brakes to reduce carbon emissions. Depending on markets, some 60PS and 75PS models are available with optional five-speed automatic transmission. In 2014,

1798-568: The US. Most European and Japanese manufacturers switched to front wheel drive for the majority of their cars in the 1960s and 1970s, the last to change being VW, Ford of Europe, and General Motors (Vauxhall - UK and Opel - Germany). Toyota was the last Japanese company to switch in the early 1980s. BMW , focused on luxury vehicles, however retained the rear-wheel-drive layout in even their smaller cars, though their MINI marque are FWD. There are four different arrangements for this basic layout, depending on

1860-733: The Uno, would share its platform, engine, and transmission. It is the second smallest Fiat for the South American market, with dimensions even lower than the Fiat Uno and Fiat Palio , only being larger than the Fiat 500 . The only engine available initially is the four-cylinder FIRE Evo Flex 1.0 75 HP ethanol blend, which yields 75 or 73 hp (55 or 54 kW) t 6250 rpm when fueled with ethanol and gasoline respectively, and 97 and 93 N⋅m (72 and 69 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3850 rpm. The FIRE engine

1922-562: The Up GTI. It is powered by a 1.0-litre three-cylinder TSI petrol engine, which produces 115 PS (113 bhp; 85 kW). Its top speed is 192 km/h (119 mph) and it is capable of accelerating 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 8.8 seconds with a top speed of 196 km/h (122 mph). Weighing just 997 kg (2,198 lb), Volkswagen claims that it is capable of delivering between 49.6 mpg ‑imp (5.7 L/100 km; 17.6 km/L) to 50.4 mpg ‑imp (5.6 L/100 km; 17.8 km/L) depending on

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1984-771: The Up was one of Volkswagen's successful introduction in Japan. The Up was also launched in South Africa in March 2015. Two models were offered at launch, both are the 1.0-litre 55 kW three-door variant. The two local options were marketed as Take Up , and the Move Up . In February 2014, Volkswagen introduced a modified version of the Up for Latin America. Built in Brazil, the Latin American Up differs from its European counterpart in length (it

2046-484: The Up, with slightly different front and rear fascias. The SEAT and Škoda versions were manufactured in the same factory, before being withdrawn from sale in 2021 and 2020 respectively. Production of the Up ended in October 2023. A battery electric version, called E-up , was launched in autumn 2013. The production Up follows a series of concept cars , starting in 2007 at the Frankfurt Motor Show . The exterior

2108-400: The components. The inner universal can be a plunge or tripod type joint. The tripod is splined to the intermediate shaft and held by a circlip. A ball, supported on needle roller bearings, is fitted to each post of the tripod, and these slide in a trunion inside the yoke. This caters for changes in shaft length and horizontal angle. The drive is transferred through the trunion and balls to rotate

2170-551: The cross up! model, which has 15 mm more ground clearance than the standard model, and comes with plastic side skirts and wheel-arch flares as standard. In 2014, at the Geneva Motor Show , Seat presented the 2014 Seat Mii by Mango model aimed towards women, made in collaboration with the Spanish fashion company Mango. The SEAT Mii limited production started in October 2011 for the European market, with sales having started at

2232-499: The curb weight is a 1,090 kg (2,403 lb). Twelve lithium-ion batteries give the Space Up Blue 45 kW (61 PS; 60 bhp) of power and a 65 miles (105 km) range. Combined with Volkswagen's world's first hydrogen high temperature fuel cells (HT-FC), range is extended by 155 miles (250 km) giving total range of 220 miles (350 km). The two-door Volkswagen e-up! zero-emissions concept debuted at

2294-760: The end of 2011. The final version was launched in May 2012. The Up was sold in Australia until 2015, when it was withdrawn due to slow sales. Plans for the Škoda Citigo to be sold in Australia were also shelved. At the Geneva Motor Show in 2016, the model sold in Europe received a facelift and the new TSI engine, that went on sale in the summer the same year. The Up was not sold in North America, CIS countries, Middle East, India, China, South Korea, and Southeast Asia. Japanese sales began in October 2012. Due to its small size,

2356-423: The engine and transmission in a 'side-by-side' arrangement with power being transmitted between the two via a heavy-duty chain, and a specially designed intermediate driveshaft that passed under the engine sump. This family has the distinction of being the highest engine capacity (8.2 L) front-wheel-drive vehicles ever built. The Saab 99 and “classic” Saab 900 also used a similar arrangement. The Eagle Premier used

2418-452: The era. Renault is the most recent user of this format - having used it on the Renault 4 , and the first generation Renault 5 , but it has since fallen out of favor since it encroaches into the interior space. The 1946 Panhard Dyna X , designed by Jean-Albert Grégoire , had the engine longitudinally in front of the front wheels, with the transmission behind the engine and the differential at

2480-526: The interior when parked in bright sunlight on a hot day. The solar cells can be increased in size to a total area of 1.7 square metre by folding down the sun visors. With a curb weight of 1,085 kg (2,392 lb), it can accelerate from rest to 100 km/h (62.1 mph) in 11.3 seconds; and should reach a top speed of 135 km/h (83.9 mph). The E-up concept is 3.19 metres (10 ft 6 in) long, 1.64 metres (5 ft 5 in) wide, 1.47 metres (4 ft 10 in) high, and has

2542-412: The location of the engine, which is the heaviest component of the drivetrain. The earliest front wheel drive cars were mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout (MF). The engine was mounted longitudinally (fore-and-aft, or north–south) behind the wheels, with the transmission ahead of the engine and differential at the very front of the car. With the engine so far back, the weight distribution of such cars as

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2604-483: The long-standing drawback of uneven weight distribution. This is done by packaging the differential in front of the clutch, allowing the axle line to be further forward in relation to the rear face of the engine block. The first popular transverse engined FWD cars were the DKW 'Front' made from 1931, which had a twin cylinder two-stroke engine. Saab copied this design on their first car, the 1949 Saab 92 . The Trabant in 1957

2666-402: The manufacturers of some cars have added to the designation with the term front-mid which describes a car in which the engine is in front of the passenger compartment but behind the front axle. The engine positions of most pre– World-War-II cars are front-mid or on the front axle . This layout is the most traditional form and remains a popular, practical design. The engine, which takes up

2728-477: The market at that time. This arrangement continued also on the second-generation Tercel, until 1987, the third generation received a new, transversely mounted engine. Other front-wheel-drive Toyota models, such as Camry , and Corolla , had transversely mounted engines from the beginning on. The 1966 Oldsmobile Toronado (along with its sister model the Cadillac Eldorado ) used a novel arrangement which had

2790-497: The other controlling the in-car multimedia system. The car measures 3.45 metres (11 ft 4 in) in length and has a width of 1.63 metres (5 ft 4 in). The four-door four-seater mini MPV styled space up! concept car debuted at the 2007 Tokyo Auto Show in Japan. The Space Up concept had all the features of the first concept, but with four-doors and 23 centimetres (9.1 in) longer at 3.68 metres (12 ft 1 in) (15 centimetres (5.9 in) shorter than

2852-579: The powertrain, chassis or brakes. As of January 2023, new orders for the Up GTI were closed to allow time to complete orders before the GTI model ceased production. In July 2010 VW announced the production version of the E-up electric car , with sales scheduled to begin in 2013, and was subsequently unveiled at the September 2013 International Motor Show Germany . The production version has an 18.7 kWh lithium-ion battery able to deliver 160 km (99 miles) on

2914-455: The production-ready version in 2011. The two-door Up concept debuted at the 2007 IAA International Motor Show Germany in Germany, with a rear-wheel drive , rear-mounted , boxer engine and 18 inch wheels. The interior is designed to accommodate four adults, and features flat-folding, air inflatable seats. It also has two monitors on the dashboard, one showing vehicle statistics and

2976-570: The rear of the assembly. This arrangement, used by Panhard until 1967, potentially had a weight distribution problem analogous to that of the Cord L29 mentioned above. However, the Panhard's air-cooled flat twin engine was very light, and mounted low down with a low centre of gravity reducing the effect. The air-cooled flat twin engine of the Citroën 2CV was also mounted very low, in front of the front wheels, with

3038-484: The sale of Citigo electric cars. The SEAT Mii, like the Citigo, is a rebadged version of the Up, with noticeable differences to the front and rear fascias. The Mii was launched in the Spanish home market simultaneously with the Up and Citigo in October 2011. It began sales in other European countries from the second quarter of 2012. It was manufactured at the Volkswagen Plant in Bratislava, Slovakia. Primarily sold in Europe, it received no noticeable facelifts, unlike

3100-406: The same dimensions as the five-door petrol model with seating for four. A second iteration of the e-up was announced on 5 September 2019. It is equipped with a larger 32.3 kWh battery, a range of 260 km (160 mi) and efficiency of 12.7 kWh/100 km (4.89 mi/kWh). 32.3 kWh is the usable (net) capacity, while the total (gross) capacity is 36.8 kWh. The Škoda version

3162-399: The shaft. The outer universal joint allows greater angular changes but not changes in shaft length. It is normally a ball and cage type with an inner race splined to the intermediate shaft. An outer race is formed in the yoke. The cage retains the balls in location in grooves in both races. The balls transfer the drive from the shaft to the hub and allow for changes in horizontal angle and for

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3224-479: The specifications, with CO 2 emissions between 127 and 129 g/km. It is the only Up to be available with a six-speed manual gearbox. The Up GTI went on sale in January 2018. In April 2019, ordering for the Up GTI was halted in the United Kingdom, but in January 2020 VW UK started taking orders again for a lightly refreshed version. The refresh included small optional equipment changes, but no alterations to

3286-628: The transmission behind the axle line and the differential between the two. This became quite popular; cars using this layout included the German Ford Taunus 12M and the Lancia Flavia and Fulvia . This is the standard configuration of Audi and Subaru front-wheel-drive vehicles. In 1979, Toyota introduced and launched their first front-wheel-drive car, the Tercel , and it had its engine longitudinally mounted, unlike most other front-wheel-drive cars on

3348-465: The transmission on one side of the transversely mounted engine, and doubled back the drivetrain to put the differential just behind the transmission, but offset to one side. Hence the driveshafts to the wheels are longer on one side than the other. This located the weight just a bit in front of the wheels. It is this system which dominates worldwide at present. Front-wheel-drive vehicles tend to suffer from torque steer under heavy acceleration. This

3410-666: The Škoda model it is called City Safe Drive. The Up won the 2012 World Car of the Year . The Up! is available to order in the United Kingdom since October 2011 for five models – marketed as Take Up, Move Up, High Up, Up Black and Up White. British television show Top Gear presenters mocked the unusual name by calling the model "Up-exclamation-mark". The Up was introduced on the German market on 3 December 2011. Deliveries to other European markets began in April 2012. In 2013, Volkswagen introduced

3472-443: Was a reason for the adoption of the all-wheel-drive quattro system in the high performance Jensen FF and Audi Quattro road cars. Early cars using the FWD layout include the 1925 Alvis, 1929 Cord L-29 , 1931 DKW F1 , the 1948 Citroën 2CV , 1949 Saab 92 , the 1957 Trabant P50 , and the 1959 Mini . In the 1980s, the traction and packaging advantages of this layout caused many compact and mid-sized vehicle makers to adopt it in

3534-521: Was also one of the only cars to have a transverse mounted engine, being a sort of DKW successor. This was a novelty, especially for a car being made in a communist country. Issigonis 's Mini of 1959 and related cars such as the Maxi , Austin 1100/1300 and Allegro had the four-cylinder inline water-cooled engine transversely mounted. The transmission was located in the sump below the crankshaft, with power transmitted by transfer gears. Other models that used

3596-476: Was also sold in Israel and New Zealand for a short time. The Citigo was slightly updated with a facelift model in 2017. A fully electric version, the Škoda Citigo-e iV , with a 36.8kWh battery capacity and a range of 270 km (165 miles) under WLTP standard, was mass-produced from autumn 2019 and replaced the combustion engine version. It was the first all-electric car of Škoda Auto. In autumn 2020, Škoda terminated

3658-595: Was originally designed by the Brazilian designer Marco Pavone. This design was chosen and enhanced by Volkswagen Group Chief Designer Walter de'Silva , and Head Designer of the Volkswagen Passenger Cars marque, Klaus Zyciora . Shown at the Frankfurt launch were several further Up concepts, including a 98 hp (73 kW) GT version, a natural gas -powered Eco-up! (with CO 2 emissions of 79 g/km) and

3720-534: Was planned for 2014 but never released. Along with the other two rebadged models, Up is the first car in its class to offer an automated braking system, called City Emergency Braking . The system is automatically activated at speeds below 30 km/h (19 mph), when a laser sensor identifies a danger of collision and activates the brakes. In the SEAT model, the system is marketed as the City Safety Assist and in

3782-538: Was released as the Škoda Citigo-e iV, with a 36.8 kWh battery capacity and a range of 270 km (165 miles) under WLTP standard, and was mass-produced from autumn 2019. It is the first all-electric car of Škoda Auto and replaced the combustion engine version. Similarly, the petrol-powered Seat Mii was replaced with an electric version, the Mii Electric. Retail deliveries began in Germany in October 2013, followed shortly after by Denmark, Sweden, France, Norway, and

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3844-1125: Was updated in 2022 to comply with the PROCONVE Level 7 emission protocol. The Mobi initially shipped with a five-speed manual transmission, which was replaced with an automated manual gearbox along with the release of a new 1.0L three cylinder Firefly engine . The exterior of Mobi is somewhat similar to that of the Fiat Panda , but has a front grille inspired by Fiat Fullback , Fiat Toro , and Fiat Tipo . It's offered in three different versions called Mobi Easy, Mobi Easy Pack Top, and Mobi Way, each with different internal and technological features. Prices start at $ 231.700 Argentinian pesos (around $ 13,000). The Mobi has front disc brakes . The Mobi in its most basic Latin American version with 2 airbags and no ESC received 1 star for adult occupants and 2 stars for infants from Latin NCAP in 2017. Volkswagen Up! The Volkswagen Up (stylized as Volkswagen up! )

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