68-681: The Nicolai Fechin House in Taos, New Mexico , is the historic home of the Russian artist Nicolai Fechin , his wife Alexandra and daughter Eya. After purchasing the house in 1927, he spent several years enlarging and modifying the two-story adobe structure, for instance, enlarging the porch and adding and widening windows to take advantage of the views. He carved many of the fittings of the house and its furniture, using typical Russian design elements such as "triptych windows and intricately carved doors." The whole reflects
136-506: A warm-summer humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ), though it borders on a semi-arid climate ( BSk ) due to the low rainfall. The town is characterized by extreme diurnal variations of temperature . Even when summer days get extremely hot, nights cool off considerably. Dirt roads and driveways in Taos can experience a particularly bad mud season when winter weather is followed by unseasonably warm temperatures. This occurs because area soil
204-545: A community campus in Taos, with eight affiliated buildings in Taos, such as the UNM Harwood Museum of Art and Taos High School where some classes are held. The Earthship Academy (or Earthship Biotecture Academy) is offering training in Earthship design principles, construction methods and philosophy. Earthship is a particular type of sustainable architecture and design, based around solar power . The town of Taos
272-511: A day with their families and close their village to any non-Indian. The Taos Pueblo approach death with an air of "stoicism," and they are only allowed to visit cemeteries on All Souls' Day or the day of someone's burial. In the cultural fabric of the Taos Pueblo, the ethnographic data suggests that women are considered to be subordinate to men. The Pueblo social structure is dictated by kiva memberships, and women are not allowed to take part in
340-561: A group of Taos Puebloans to Charles Bent's house in the town of Taos. The governor was shot with arrows, scalped , and killed. Following the death of Bent and several other Americans, Col. Sterling Price , commander of the US forces based in Santa Fe, led an expedition against the insurgents, defeating them at the Battle of Cañada on January 24. The rebels retreated inside Taos Pueblo, and Price bombarded
408-545: A high level of "interconnectedness and mutual dependence" between the Taos Pueblo and their surrounding land, where they derive many of their cultural traditions. Consequently, a historical rivalry exists between the people on the South side of the river (summer people) and the North side (winter people). Foot races, which have significant religious meaning in the tribe, are a common way for these two groups to express their rivalry, and there
476-534: A household in the town was $ 25,016, and the median income for a family was $ 33,564. Males had a median income of $ 27,683 versus $ 23,326 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 15,983. About 17.9% of families and 23.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 26.8% of those under age 18 and 24.4% of those age 65 or over. Taos is located at 36°23′38″N 105°34′36″W / 36.39389°N 105.57667°W / 36.39389; -105.57667 (36.393979, −105.576705). The town has
544-489: A modernist sensibility combined with Russian, Native American, Spanish, and Art Deco traditions. The Fechins divorced in 1933, after which Alexandra stayed at the house until a few years before her death in 1983. Eya returned to Taos in the 1970s and began restoration of the house. She opened it to visitors beginning in 1981, under the auspices of the Fechin Institute, which she founded in her father's memory. The house
612-623: A rebellion, known as the Taos Revolt , in which the newly appointed U.S. Governor, Charles Bent , was killed. New Mexico was a territory of the United States beginning in 1850 and became a state in 1912. For historical reasons, the American flag is displayed continuously at Taos Plaza (both day and night). This derives from the time of the American Civil War , when Confederate sympathizers in
680-566: A revolt in 1640; Taos Indians killed their priest and a number of Spanish settlers and subsequently fled the pueblo, not returning until 1661. In 1680, Taos Pueblo joined the widespread Pueblo Revolt . After the Spanish Reconquest of 1692, Taos Pueblo continued armed resistance to the Spanish until 1696, when Governor Diego de Vargas defeated the Indians at Taos Canyon. During the 1770s, Taos
748-575: A setting backed by the Taos Mountains of the Sangre de Cristo Range . The settlement was built on either side of Rio Pueblo de Taos , also called Rio Pueblo and Red Willow Creek, a small stream that flows through the middle of the pueblo compound. Its headwaters come from Blue Lake, or Ba Whyea, in the nearby mountains. Taos Pueblo's most prominent architectural feature is a multi-storied residential complex of reddish-brown adobe , built on either side of
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#1732875946430816-620: A studio three blocks from the plaza. In addition to the studio having capacity to seat 60, there is also a two bedroom living space. In addition to her and her husband's own performances, the studio has hosted poetry readings, presentations and performance from local Taoseñas and fellows from the Wurlitzer Foundation. Many of the historic sites are homes and studios of artists, including the Mabel Dodge Luhan House , Eanger Irving Couse House and Studio—Joseph Henry Sharp Studios ,
884-468: A total area of 5.4 square miles (14 km ), all land. Taos is located within two watersheds, categorized as subwatersheds or HUC12s in the United States. The town is mostly located in the Outlet Rio Fernando del Taos Watershed, where its two waterbodies are rated as impaired. A coalition of local organizations are working to improve the watershed's health. The northern edge of town is within
952-464: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Taos, New Mexico Taos ( / t aʊ s / ) is a town in Taos County , in the north-central region of New Mexico in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains . Initially founded in 1615, it was intermittently occupied until its formal establishment in 1795 by Nuevo México Governor Fernando Chacón to act as fortified plaza and trading outpost for
1020-411: Is a long held tradition in their tribe that was possibly created before the pyramids. In addition, the Taos Pueblo attribute great value to Blue Lake in regards to their "living culture and agricultural sustainability." According to Wood, the Taos Pueblo people never turn strangers away from their doors because they value both courtesy and hospitality. However, on All Souls' Day , the Taos Pueblo spend
1088-504: Is consistently ranked the best mountain bike trail in New Mexico. There are also numerous hot springs along the Rio Grande and in the Taos Mountains . Ojo Caliente offers locations where visitors can enjoy access to mineral springs as well as massages and other spa treatments. Among hot springs in the area is a historical site called Stage Coach, which used to double as a brothel during
1156-402: Is for general living and sleeping, and the second of which is for cooking, eating, and storage. Each home is self-contained; there are no passageways between the houses. Taos Indians made little use of furniture in the past, but today they have tables , chairs, and beds. In the pueblo, electricity, running water , and indoor plumbing are prohibited. Two spiritual practices are represented in
1224-477: Is heavy with silt , which makes it vulnerable to frost heaving . The town's public schools operated by Taos Municipal Schools include Arroyos del Norte Elementary School, Enos García Elementary (also Taos Elementary School), Ranchos Elementary School, Taos Middle School, Taos High School and Taos Cyber Magnet School. Charter schools include Anansi Charter School, Taos Academy (State Charter), Taos Municipal Charter School and Vista Grande High School. Also in
1292-611: Is home to more than twenty sites on the National Register of Historic Places . About 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Taos is Taos Pueblo . Picuris Pueblo is located about 25 miles (40 km) south. The Fiestas de Taos is an annual community celebration in the Taos Plaza honoring the feast of the two patron saints of Taos, Santa Ana and Santiago. It is normally celebrated the third weekend of July. A commemorative mass and procession from Our Lady of Guadalupe Church officially opens
1360-423: Is incorporated under the mayor-council form of government. The town was incorporated on May 7, 1934. The town seal is a logo of the town of Taos with the year of incorporation "1934" in the center, and on the outer edge, the words "Town of Taos, New Mexico". The elective officers of the town include the mayor, four members of the governing body forming the town council, and a municipal judge. The town council
1428-572: Is probably a borrowing of Taos tə̂o- "village" which was heard as tao to which the plural -s was added although in the modern language Taos is no longer a plural noun. It has been proposed that the Spanish Taos comes from tao, "cross of the order of San Juan de los Caballeros" (from Greek tau ), but that is unlikely to be the case. It is most likely that the Taos Indigenous people, along with other Pueblo Indigenous people, settled along
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#17328759464301496-698: Is site of other performances and lectures. The Town of Taos Convention Center offers a venue for other local performances. The Taos Talking Pictures Film Festival was a film festival held in the town from the mid-1990s to 2003. The festival's top prize was 5 acres (2.0 ha) of land. The Carson National Forest and Rio Grande del Norte National Monument provide many opportunities for recreation, such as hiking, skiing, fly fishing, horseback riding, golfing, hot air ballooning, llama trekking , rafting, and mountain biking. The South Boundary National Recreation trail, east of town in Carson National Forest,
1564-805: Is the Turley Mill and Distillery Site and the Rio Grande Gorge Bridge . Just outside Taos in Ranchitos is the Martinez Hacienda , the home turned museum of the late Padre Antonio José Martínez . South of Taos is the Ranchos de Taos Plaza with the San Francisco de Asis Mission Church . About 20 miles (32 km) northwest is the D. H. Lawrence Ranch (originally known as the Kiowa Ranch and now owned by
1632-487: Is the board of finance of the town. The town manager and finance director serve as the nonvoting members to the board of finance. Key positions within the town government are town manager, appointed by the mayor, Town Attorney, Town Clerk, Town Engineer and Chief of Police. Taos Pueblo Taos Pueblo (or Pueblo de Taos ) is an ancient pueblo belonging to a Taos -speaking ( Tiwa ) Native American tribe of Puebloan people . It lies about 1 mile (1.6 km) north of
1700-431: Is the largest multistoried Pueblo structure still existing. It is made of adobe walls that are often several feet thick. Its primary purpose was for defense. Up to as late as 1900, access to the rooms on lower floors was by ladders on the outside to the roof, and then down an inside ladder. In case of an attack, outside ladders could easily be pulled up. The homes in this structure usually consist of two rooms, one of which
1768-419: Is the principal town of the Taos, NM, Micropolitan Statistical Area , which includes all of Taos County. The Taos Pueblo , which borders the north boundary of the town of Taos, has been occupied for nearly a millennium . It is estimated that the pueblo was built between 1000 and 1450 A.D., with some later expansion, and the pueblo is considered to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited communities in
1836-476: The Nicolai Fechin house, all of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Influential later 20th-century Taos artists include R. C. Gorman and Agnes Martin . A number of Foundations host artist residencies in Taos including the prestigious Helene Wurlitzer Foundation which began hosting painters, writer, composers, sculptors, poets and filmmakers at Casa Encantado in 1954. Taos
1904-768: The Nicolai Fechin House , the Leon Gaspard House , and the Ernest Martin Hennings House. Doc Martin's restaurant in the historic Taos Inn was previously the office of Thomas "Doc" Martin while other parts of the inn served as his home and the birthplace of the Taos Society of Artists . On Ledoux street, just south of the Taos Plaza, is the Ernest L. Blumenschein House and Harwood House . The center of
1972-610: The Rio Grande after migrating south from the Four Corners region. The dwellings of that region were inhabited by the Ancestral Puebloans . A long drought in the area in the late 13th century may have caused them to move to the Rio Grande, where the water supply was more dependable. However, their reason for migrating is still disputed and there is evidence that a violent struggle took place. Ultimately, archeological clues point to
2040-843: The Taos Downtown Historic District is the Taos Plaza. Just west of that is the Our Lady of Guadalupe Church . North of the Taos Plaza is the Governor Charles Bent House and the Taos Inn . Further north in Taos The Bernard Beimer House. On the southwestern edge of the Taos Historic district is La Loma Plaza Historic District . East of the plaza on Kit Carson Road is the Kit Carson House . North of Taos
2108-574: The Taos Revolt on January 19, 1847. During the Taos Revolt, Bent's horses were set free from their stable. The Helene Wurlitzer Foundation is a non-profit organization based in Taos that provides free residency to eleven artists, with each year divided into three residency sessions of three months apiece at Casa Encantado. Abbie Conant , former principal trombonist of the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra and seasonal Taos resident, runs
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2176-517: The Taos Society of Artists . There are several local venues for the performing arts in Taos. The Taos Center for the Arts (TCA) draws nationally renowned and local performers at the Taos Community Auditorium. They also present independent film series. Three chamber music groups perform at TCA: Taos School of Music, Taos Chamber Music Group, and Music from Angel Fire. The Harwood Museum of Art
2244-487: The Taos art colony developed. Many paintings were made of local scenes, especially of Taos Pueblo and activities there, as the artists often modelled Native Americans from the pueblo in their paintings. Some of the artists' studios have been preserved and may be viewed by visitors to Taos. These include the Ernest L. Blumenschein House , the Eanger Irving Couse House and Studio—Joseph Henry Sharp Studios , and
2312-714: The University of New Mexico ), the home of the English novelist in the 1920s. It is believed that his ashes are buried there at the D. H. Lawrence Memorial. There are three art museums in Taos: Harwood Museum of Art , Taos Art Museum and Millicent Rogers Museum that provide art from the Pueblo Native Americans, Taos Society of Artists and modern and contemporary artists of the Taos art colony . The town has more than 80 art galleries, and there are several houses of
2380-434: The 2010 census Taos had a population of 5,716. The median age was 44. The ethnic and racial composition of the population was 40.1% non-Hispanic white, 0.7% African American, 1% Asian, 5.3% Native American, 0.3% non-Hispanics reporting some other race, 5.4% reporting two or more races and 51.9% Hispanic or Latino of any race. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,700 people, 2,067 households, and 1,157 families residing in
2448-466: The Pueblo in 1996. Blue Lake, which the people of the Pueblo consider sacred, was included in this return of Taos land. The Pueblo notably involved non-native people in lobbying the federal government for the return of Blue Lake, as they argued that their unrestricted access to the lake and the surrounding region was necessary to ensure their religious freedom. The Pueblo's web site names the reacquisition of
2516-541: The Pueblo: the original indigenous spiritual and religious tradition and Roman Catholicism . The majority of Indigenous Taos continue to practice their still-vital and ancient religion. Most (90%) members of the Taos Pueblo community are baptized as Roman Catholics. Saint Jerome , or San Geronimo, is the patron saint of the pueblo. Since Spanish colonization , the native Taos people have resisted cultural change and influence with European ideas. Many ethnographers observe
2584-601: The Rio Fernando del Taos- Rio Pueblo del Taos Watershed. Just to the west of Taos is the Rio Grande Gorge , cutting through the basalt flows of the Taos Plateau volcanic field and crossed by the Rio Grande Gorge Bridge , now a part of U.S. Route 64 . The elevation of the town is 6,969 feet (2,124 m). Just north of Taos is Wheeler Peak , at 13,161 feet (4,011 m), the highest point in New Mexico. Taos has
2652-519: The Rio Pueblo. The Pueblo's website states it was probably built between 1000 and 1450. The pueblo was designated a National Historic Landmark on October 9, 1960. In 1992 it was designated as a UNESCO Heritage Site . As of 2010, about 150 people live in the historical pueblo full-time. In the Tanoan language of Taos ( Northern Tiwa ), the pueblo is referred to as "the village" in either tə̂otho "in
2720-632: The Southwest and the increasing Spanish colonial presence. Taos Pueblo was no exception. By 1660, the native people killed the resident priest and destroyed the church. The Spanish replied brutally. Several years after it was rebuilt, the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 began. During the Mexican-American War , New Mexico came under United States control after the Battle of Santa Fe in August 1846. Charles Bent
2788-534: The Taos valley. It was built as a fortified plaza with adobe buildings and is now a central plaza surrounded by residential areas. Mountain men who trapped beaver nearby made Taos their home in the early 1800s. Mexico ceded the region to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 after the Mexican–American War . After the U.S. takeover of New Mexico in 1847, Hispanics and American Indians in Taos staged
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2856-493: The United States. Located in a tributary valley off the Rio Grande , it is the most northern of the New Mexico pueblos . The pueblo, at some places five stories high, is a combination of many individual homes with common walls. There are over 1,900 Taos Puebloans living within the greater pueblo-area community. Many of them have modern homes near their fields and live there in the summer months, only staying at their homes within
2924-481: The World Monument Fund. It is listed on its watchlist because of its endangered nature, both culturally and structurally. By the end of the conservation efforts, twenty-one adobe houses are expected to be restored. The previous fund has also covered the cost of a laser scanning of the structures. The main characteristics of the conservation of Taos Pueblo aim to encourage a community-based approach. They include
2992-456: The area are additional alternative and private schools: Chrysalis Alternative School, Sped Discipline, Yaxche Private School, Taos Christian Academy, and San Francisco De Asis School. The Bureau of Indian Education -operated Taos Day School is in nearby Taos Pueblo . Dallas -based Southern Methodist University operates a 295-acre (119 ha) campus at Fort Burgwin in Taos. Albuquerque -based University of New Mexico (UNM) operates
3060-403: The area attempted to remove the flag. The Union officer Kit Carson sought to discourage this activity by having guards surround the area and fly the flag 24 hours a day. Anton Docher , the "Padre of Isleta", first served as a priest in Taos before leaving for Isleta in 1891. Beginning in 1899, artists began to settle in Taos; six formed the Taos Society of Artists in 1915. In time,
3128-552: The building materials were well suited for the rigors of the environment and the needs of the people in the Taos Valley . The first Spanish-influenced architecture appeared in Taos Pueblo after Fray Francisco de Zamora came there in 1598 to establish a mission, under orders from Spanish Governor, Don Juan de Oñate . The north-side Pueblo is said to be one of the most photographed and painted buildings in North America. It
3196-494: The event on Friday evening, followed with the crowning of the Fiestas Queen. The celebration continues with musical and dance performances scheduled on the plaza every hour. Two parades are staged, a children's parade on Saturday and the larger Fiesta Parade on Sunday. Located just north of the Taos Plaza, this street was the location of Governor Charles Bent's home. Governor Bent was scalped and killed by Pueblo warriors during
3264-608: The idea that the Natives may have been forced to leave. Throughout its early years, Taos Pueblo was a central point of trade between the native populations along the Rio Grande and their Plains Tribes neighbors to the northeast. Taos Pueblo hosted a trade fair each fall after the agricultural harvest. Spanish conquistadors first arrived at Taos Pueblo in 1540; they were members of the Francisco Vásquez de Coronado expedition, which stopped at many of New Mexico's pueblos in search of
3332-605: The main North or South pueblo buildings during cooler weather. About 150 people live within the main pueblo buildings year-round. The Taos Pueblo was added as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. Taos was established c.1615 as Don Fernando de Taos , following the Spanish conquest of the Indian Pueblo villages. Initially, relations of the Spanish settlers with Taos Pueblo were amicable, but resentment of meddling by missionaries, and demands by encomenderos for tribute, led to
3400-411: The majority of an 11-unit house which was in a state of near collapse. The first phase of the conservation of Taos Pueblo is the construction of the training center, restoration of 120 to 150 houses, training of the local people in the community, creation of a detailed assessment of the structure of the compound, and establishment of a cultural center and tribal archives. The second phase was financed by
3468-547: The men around them. In 2011, the Taos Pueblo Preservation Program received a $ 800,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The fund aims to hire more workers, especially those who are trained in traditional construction techniques for conservation work, as well as workshop assistants who help pueblo homeowners with maintenance of traditional adobe homes. Supervisors teach trainees about traditional construction methods while rebuilding
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#17328759464303536-468: The modern city of Taos, New Mexico . The pueblos are one of the oldest continuously inhabited communities in the United States. Taos Pueblo has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Taos Pueblo is a member of the Eight Northern Pueblos . A tribal land of 95,000 acres (38,000 ha) is attached to the pueblo, and about 4,500 people live in this area. The pueblo was constructed in
3604-414: The neighboring Native American Taos Pueblo (the town's namesake) and Hispano communities, including Ranchos de Taos , Cañon, Taos Canyon, Ranchitos, El Prado , and Arroyo Seco . The town was incorporated in 1934. As of the 2021, its population was 6,567. Taos is the county seat of Taos County. The English name Taos derives from the native Taos language meaning "(place of) red willows". Taos
3672-401: The population. There were 2,067 households, out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.7% were married couples living together, 16.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.0% were non-families. 37.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
3740-520: The rituals held in these sacred spaces because they "are not trained" to do so. Despite the exclusion of women from some spiritual activities, the women in the Taos Pueblo society "exercised a considerable degree of influence economically, politically, and interpersonally." For example, single women can run their own households, and married women control their own finances because they traditionally work as cooks or maids. Additionally, women have informal decision making power, using their abilities to influence
3808-414: The roofs of each level providing the floors and terraces for those above. The buildings at Taos originally had few windows and no standard doorways. Instead, access to rooms was through square holes in the roof that the people reached by climbing long, wooden ladders. Engelmann Spruce logs (or vigas ) supported roofs that had layers of branches, grass, mud, and plaster covering them. The architecture and
3876-450: The rumored Seven Cities of Gold . Around 1620, Spanish Jesuits oversaw construction of the first Catholic Church in the pueblo, the mission of San Geronimo de Taos . Reports from the period indicate that the native people of Taos resisted the building of the church and forceful imposition of the Catholic religion. Throughout the 1600s, cultural tensions grew between the native populations of
3944-593: The sacred Blue Lake as the most important event in its history due to the spiritual belief that the Taos people originated from the lake. It is believed that their ancestors live there, and the Pueblos themselves only ascend the mountain for ceremonial purposes. At the time of the Spaniards' initial contact, Hernando de Alvarado described the pueblo as having adobe houses built very close together and stacked five or six stories high. The homes became narrower as they rose, with
4012-799: The times of the Old West. Nearby, the Cumbres & Toltec Scenic Railroad provides a ride through the Toltec Gorge and Rocky Mountain passes in an authentic narrow-gauge steam railroad . In the winter, many people come to Taos to ski in the mountains. Nearby Wheeler Peak , at 13,161 feet (4,011 m), is the highest peak in New Mexico. The Taos area has four ski areas – Taos Ski Valley , Red River ski area, Sipapu (ski area) and Angel Fire ski area . Other winter activities include hot air ballooning, horseback riding, snow-shoeing, cross-country skiing, ski skating, ice skating, ice fishing and snowmobiling. As of
4080-556: The town and the church where the defenders were sheltering with artillery on February 3. The next day, a hole was broken in the wall of the church to fire shells and grapeshot at those seeking refuge within. More than 150 people were killed during the attack. Tomás Romero was summarily executed after US forces captured Taos Pueblo, and other leaders of the revolt were later put on trial and executed by hanging. Further battles against US forces took place until July of that year. The Pueblo's 48,000 acres (19,000 ha) of mountain land
4148-429: The town. The population density was 874.5 inhabitants per square mile (337.6/km ). There were 2,466 housing units at an average density of 458.8 per square mile (177.1/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 68.04% White , 0.53% African American , 4.11% Native American , 0.62% Asian , 0.11% Pacific Islander , 21.66% from other races , and 4.94% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 54.34% of
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#17328759464304216-605: The training of local people to manage their own property, as well as the establishment of partnerships with government and non-government entities. The project resolves to preserve the traditional way of life in the community and sustain cultural traditions. In August 2020, the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development announced a grant of $ 899,754 awarded to the Taos Pueblo Housing Authority to rehabilitate five housing units to help reduce
4284-437: The village" ( tə̂o- "village" + -tho "in") or tə̂obo "to/toward the village" ( tə̂o- "village" + -bo "to, toward"). The proper name of the pueblo is ȉałopháymųp’ȍhə́othə̀olbo "at red willow canyon mouth" (or ȉałopháybo "at the red willows" for short). This name is more commonly used in ceremonial contexts and is less common in everyday speech. The name Taos in English was borrowed from Spanish Taos . Spanish Taos
4352-399: Was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.87. In the town, the population was spread out, with 23% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 85 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.3 males. The median income for
4420-571: Was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 1979. After Eya Fechin's death in 2002, the house passed to her daughter and son-in-law. They sold it to a foundation, which established the house museum and the Taos Art Museum . This article about a property in New Mexico on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This New Mexico museum-related article
4488-406: Was appointed as the American territorial governor. Many of the Taos Pueblo people and Hispanos feared that the new American regime would dispossess them of their land, especially since Bent had been involved in land-grant speculation schemes under the Mexican regime. On January 19, 1847, Hispanos and Taos Pueblo people launched a rebellion against the US territorial government. Tomás Romero led
4556-412: Was repeatedly raided by Comanches who lived on the plains of what is now eastern Colorado . Juan Bautista de Anza , governor of the Province of New Mexico , led a successful punitive expedition in 1779 against the Comanches. Between 1780 and 1800, Don Fernando de Taos (now simply Taos) was established. Between 1796 and 1797, the Don Fernando de Taos land grant gave land to 63 Spanish families in
4624-414: Was taken by President Theodore Roosevelt and designated as the Carson National Forest early in the 20th century. It was finally returned in 1970 by the United States when the Republican Richard Nixon signed Democratic senator Fred Harris ' Public Law 91-550. An additional 764 acres (309 ha) south of the ridge between Simpson Peak and Old Mike Peak and west of Blue Lake were transferred back to
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