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13-627: Farciot Edouart , ASC (born Alexander Farciot Edouart ; November 5, 1884 – March 17, 1980) was a film special-effects artist and innovator perhaps best known for his work with process photography, also known as rear projection . Edouart was born in Northern California. His father was a portrait photographer. He began working as a cameraman while still a teenager at the production company of Hobart Bosworth . By way of mergers and acquisitions , Edouart became an employee of Paramount Pictures , where he began to specialize on optical effects in

26-457: A director of photography for a minimum five out of the last eight years, having a high professional reputation and being recommended by three active or retired ASC members. In the beginning of cinema, directors and photographers in the United States had a similar problem: they had "big, ugly white streaks" that resulted from static electricity discharged from the cameras. Two separate groups in

39-481: Is Farciot Edouart." American Society of Cinematographers Members use the post-nominal letters "ASC". On the 1920 film titled Sand , cinematographer Joseph H. August, who was an original member of the ASC, became the first individual to have the "ASC" appear after his name on the onscreen credit . Only film cinematographers and special effect supervisors can become an ASC member. Basic requirements include being

52-662: Is now in its tenth edition (2015). The eleventh edition was announced on January 14, 2022 to be available in late March 2022. In 2002, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences presented an Award of Commendation to the American Society of Cinematographers for its ongoing publication of the American Cinematographer Manual . Richard Edlund , chair of the Scientific and Technical Awards Committee, said, "Over

65-676: The Motion Picture Industry Union . Miller left to work in Hollywood, California , one year after the Motion Picture Industry Union was formed. In 1918, Phil Rosen asked the president of the Cinema Camera Club of California, Charles Rosher, whether he could help reorganize the association by creating a national organization with "membership by invitation and a strong educational component". This reorganisation and

78-449: The cinematography profession. The first version was published in 1935 by Jackson J. Rose  [ fr ] as The American Cinematographer Hand Book and Reference Guide . That handbook went through nine editions (1935, '38, '39, '42, '46, '47, '50, '53, '56) before it evolved into the American Cinematographer Manual . The first edition of the Manual was published in 1960. The book

91-399: The ASC and other professionals to teach students from all walks of life on various subjects including composition, lighting, angles, creating mood among other techniques of visual storytelling. In 2017, John Bailey, an ASC member, was elected as the president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences , making him the first cinematographer to take up such a position. In the 1920s,

104-433: The ASC began printing a four-page newsletter titled The American Cinematographer in 1920. According to the ASC, " The American Cinematographer covers the technology and artistry of visual storytelling, offering print and digital editions." Within this publication, a wide range of cinematographer and technical information was produced through a variety of means such as interviews, articles, blogs and podcasts. Other than

117-547: The United States worked together to find a solution to this problem. The two groups were the Cinema Camera Club and the Static Club of America. A precursor to the ASC, the Cinema Camera Club in New York City was founded in 1913 by Arthur Miller , Phil Rosen , and Frank Kugler . Arthur and his brother, William Miller , both filmmakers in New York City, worked together and established a union for cinematography workers called

130-535: The magazine, the ASC also publishes the American Cinematographer Manual . The first edition was published in 1935 by Jackson J. Rose as The American Cinematographer Hand Book and Reference Guide . The Hand Book evolved from the Cinematographic Annual only published twice, in 1930 and 1931. Rose's handbook went through nine editions by the middle of the 1950s, and it was from this book that

143-458: The mid-1920s. He worked for Paramount until his department was abruptly closed in 1967. He worked on approximately 350 films, and his final film was Rosemary's Baby (1968). Edouart won a total of ten Academy Awards: two competitive (1942 and 1943), seven technical and scientific awards (1938, 1940, two in 1944 and 1948 and two in 1956) and an honorary award for special effects (1939). Leonard Maltin wrote: "The master of process-screen photography

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156-488: The modern American Cinematographer Manual originated. The first edition of the new manual was published in 1960 and is now in its 11th edition, published in 2022. American Cinematographer Manual The American Cinematographer Manual is a filmmaking manual published by the American Society of Cinematographers . Covering lighting, lenses, and film emulsions, it is considered “an authoritative technical reference manual for cinematographers.” The manual also defines

169-535: The setup of the bylaws occurred on December 21, 1918. The ASC was officially authorized by the State of California on January 8, 1919. In 2014, the ASC admitted its first member with no background in live action feature film , Pixar 's Sharon Calahan , who had worked entirely in computer animation . The society started the ASC Master Class education program in the same year (2014). This program allows members of

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