A V6 engine is a six- cylinder piston engine where the cylinders and cylinder blocks share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration .
53-607: The Ginetta F400 , previously known as the Farbio GTS , and originally developed by Arash Motor Company as the Farboud GTS, was a sports car produced by the British car manufacturer Ginetta Cars . It was the first car planned for production by Farbio Sports Cars until the rights of the car were sold to Ginetta in 2010. The Farbio GTS was originally conceived in 2002 as the Farboud GT with
106-553: A twin-turbocharged Audi V6 engine from the Audi RS4 . The GTS was unveiled at the 2004 British International Motorshow featuring the Audi engine, developing 440 bhp. Arash sold the rights of the car to the newly established Farbio Sports cars which eventually launched the car as the Farbio GTS in 2007 with sales commencing from the beginning of 2008. Three engine options were offered, with
159-484: A 2.4 L (146 cu in) version used in the 1958 Ferrari 246 Formula One racing car. A few years later, the 1961-1964 Ferrari 156 Formula One car used a new V6 engine with a V-angle of 120 degrees and a displacement of 1.5 L (92 cu in). This engine was shorter and lighter than the Ferrari Dino engine, and the simplicity and low center of gravity of the engine was an advantage in racing. It won
212-487: A 60-degree V-angle. The 1967 Dino 206 GT was Ferrari's first V6 road car, which had a 65-degree V-angle. The 1979-2005 Alfa Romeo V6 engine was introduced in the Alfa Romeo Alfa 6 luxury sedan and later used in many other Alfa Romeo models. This engine used a 60 degree V-angle, an all-aluminium construction and two valves per cylinder. A turbocharged version was introduced in 1991 and a four valve per cylinder version
265-613: A Kenwood audio system and air conditioning. Other bespoke options included interior carpeting, coloured headliners, carbon fibre racing bucket seats trimmed in leather with four-point racing harness, carbon fibre steering wheel, coloured door inserts and an alcantara interior trim. The F400 came with special 19-inch forged alloy wheels in gloss black or silver finish. Added exterior options included bespoke specialist paint, bare carbon doors, brake callipers painted in red colour and heated front windshield. The F400 could accelerate from 0–97 km/h (0–60 mph) in 3.7 seconds and could attain
318-496: A commonly used crossplane crankshaft, because the inline-four engine in each bank of the V8 engine does not have this primary imbalance. A 120 degree design also results in a large width for the engine, being only slightly narrower than a flat-six engine (which does not have the balance problems of the V6 engine). Therefore, the flat-six engine has been used in various automobiles, whereas use of
371-403: A crankshaft that is adequately strong. A balance shaft and/or crankshaft counterweights can be used to reduce vibrations in 90 degree V6 engines. At first glance, 120 degrees might seem to be the optimal V-angle for a V6 engine, since pairs of pistons in alternate banks can share crank pins in a three-throw crankshaft and the combustion forces are balanced by the firing interval being equal to
424-432: A design similar to the 1922-1976 Lancia V4 engine . These engines use a single cylinder head so are technically a straight engine with the name "VR6" coming from the combination of German words “Verkürzt” and “Reihenmotor” meaning “shortened inline engine”. The VR6 engines were used in transverse engine front-wheel drive cars which were originally designed for inline-four engines. Due to the minimal extra length and width of
477-600: A large number of races between 1961 and 1964 . However, Ferrari's founder had a personal dislike of the 120 degree layout, preferring a 65 degree layout, and after that time it was replaced by other engines. The Dino engine was also used in the Lancia Stratos , which was a highly successful rally car that won the World Rally Championship in 1974, 1975 and 1976. A notable racing use of the Alfa Romeo V6 engine
530-543: A mainstay of GM's FWD mid-size and full-size cars. It was discontinued in 2008. Over 25 million units had been built, making it one of the most-produced engines in history, and it was on Ward's 10 Best Engines of the 20th century list. Ford introduced its European road car engines in 1965 with the German division's Cologne V6 , and the Ford Essex V6 engine , introduced by Ford's United Kingdom division in 1966; both engines used
583-455: A narrower engine overall than V6 engines with larger V-angles. This angle often results in the overall engine size being a cube shape, making the engine easier to fit either longitudinally or transversely in the engine compartment. Many manufacturers, particularly American ones, built V6 engines with a V-angle of 90 degrees based on their existing 90-degree V8 engines. Such configurations were easy to design by removing two cylinders and replacing
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#1732884862369636-402: A primary imbalance caused by each bank consisting of an inline-three engine , due to the odd number of cylinders in each bank. Straight-six engines and flat-six engines do not experience this imbalance. To reduce the vibrations caused by this imbalance, most V6 engines use a harmonic damper on the crankshaft and/or a counter-rotating balance shaft . Six-cylinder designs have less pulsation in
689-429: A six-cylinder engine with an even firing interval, the next piston starts its power stroke 60° before the previous one finishes, which results in smoother delivery of power to the flywheel. Comparing engines on a dynamometer, a V6 engine shows instantaneous torque peaks of 154% above mean torque and valleys of 139% below mean torque, with a small amount of negative torque (engine torque reversals) between power strokes. In
742-464: A smaller package that produces cleaner emissions, has better fuel economy, and are less expensive to produce. The Lancia Aurelia (the first series production car with a V6 engine) was also successful in motor racing. Four of the Aurelia B20 Coupes were entered in the 1951 Mille Miglia with the best placed cars finishing second and fourth. A tuned 3,102 cc (189 cu in) version of
795-408: A three-throw crankshaft with 'flying arms' between the crankpins to allow an even firing interval of 120 degrees to be achieved. A pair of counterweights on the crankshaft can then be used to almost perfectly cancel out the primary forces and reduce the secondary vibrations to acceptable levels. The engine mounts can be designed to absorb these remaining vibrations. A 60 degree V-angle results in
848-554: A top speed of 298 km/h (185 mph). Although these figures were never tested. The F400 was sold in limited numbers at a price of £95,000 (US$ 154,770) when production was halted in 2010 and the car underwent significant redevelopment to be relaunched at the end of 2011 as the Ginetta G60 . Arash Motor Company Arash Motor Company Limited is a British supercar & hypercar manufacturer based in Newmarket, Suffolk. It
901-677: A turbocharged V6 engine. Ferrari won the Formula One constructors' championship with turbocharged V6 engines in 1982 and 1983. Initial versions used a 120 degree V-angle, before switching to a 90 degree V-angle for the 1987 Ferrari F1/87 racing car. Other successful turbocharged V6 Formula One cars in the era of 1982-1988 were the McLaren MP4/2 , McLaren MP4/3 , McLaren MP4/4 , Williams FW10 , Williams FW11 , Williams FW12 , Lotus 95T , Lotus 97T , Lotus 98T , Lotus 99T and Lotus 100T . The Nissan GTP ZX-Turbo and Nissan NPT-90 competed in
954-494: Is that V6 engines produce more vibrations than straight-six engines . Some sports cars like the Porsche 911 use flat-six engines instead of V6 engines, due to their near perfect primary engine balance and lower centre of gravity (which improves the handling ). The displacement of modern V6 engines is typically between 2.5 and 4.0 L (153 and 244 cu in), though larger and smaller examples have been produced, such as
1007-471: Is the first Ferrari road car to sport a V6 turbo with a vee angle of 120 degrees between the cylinder banks. Other angle V6 engines are possible but can suffer from severe vibration problems unless very carefully designed. Notable V-angles include: In 1906, a few years after 4 cylinder engines and V8 engines had come into existence, the first known V6 engine was built. This V6 engine was a single prototype automotive engine built by Marmon Motor Car Company in
1060-513: The Buick Fireball V6 engine) had three shared crankpins arranged at 120 degrees from each other, due to their origins from the V8 engines. This resulted in an uneven firing order, with half of the cylinders using a firing interval of 90 degrees and other half using an interval of 150 degrees. The uneven firing intervals resulted in rough-running engines with "unpleasant" vibrations at low engine speeds. Several modern 90 degree V6 engines reduce
1113-600: The IMSA sports car prototype category from 1985 to 1994 and used a turbocharged V6 engine loosely based on the Nissan VG30ET production car engine. The Nissan 300ZX used a similar engine to compete in the 1996-1997 All Japan Grand Touring Car Championship (now known as the 'Super GT' championship). Downsizing to V6 engines in open-wheeler racing became more common: V6 engines are popular powerplants in medium to large outboard motors . The first V6 engine to reach production
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#17328848623691166-637: The Lancia V6 engine in 1950 for the Lancia Aurelia , and the Buick V6 engine in 1962 for the Buick Special . The V6 layout has become the most common layout for six-cylinder automotive engines. Due to their short length, V6 engines are often used as the larger engine option for vehicles which are otherwise produced with inline-four engines, especially in transverse engine vehicles. A downside for luxury cars
1219-609: The Mazda J engine in 1986, the Toyota VZ engine in 1988, and the Isuzu V engine in 1992. Hyundai introduced the first South Korean Hyundai Sigma engine based on technology shared from the Mitsubishi unit in 1995. German car manufacturers were relatively slow to adopt V6 engines, because engineers believed that they lacked the smoothness of an inline-6 engine. Eventually, the first German V6 engine
1272-473: The 1.8 L (110 cu in) Mazda V6 used in the 1991–1998 Mazda MX-3 , or the 1.6 L (98 cu in) Mitsubishi V6 engine used in the 1992–1998 Mirage / Lancer , while the largest gasoline V6 built was the 7.8 L (476 cu in) GMC V6 used in the 1962 GMC C/K series 6500 . All V6 engines with even firing spacing—regardless of the V-angle between the cylinder banks—are subject to
1325-419: The 120 degree V6 engine has been limited to a few truck and racing car engines, with the exception of McLaren Automotive 's M630 V6 engine, which uses a 120 degree bank angle with a single balance shaft to eliminate all primary couples. The McLaren M630 engine also takes advantage of the wide angle by placing the turbochargers inside the vee, commonly referred to as a 'hot vee' configuration. The Ferrari 296 GTB
1378-532: The AF-8 & AF-10 are in production but a new car is due to be released in 2021. The company is an ultra-low volume manufacturer, producing less than 3 cars per year. Sales are equally low, having sold fewer than 80 cars since commencement. The company began developing the Farboud GT in 1999 under the name Farboud Ltd. This was launched at The Autosport Show held at the Birmingham NEC in 2001. He went on to design
1431-545: The Farboud GTS which was officially launched at the British Motorshow in London in 2004. At that time Chris Marsh was working with Arash as a sales representative, who is the son of Jem Marsh who founded Marcos cars with Frank Costin (Marsh+Costin=Marcos). Marsh became enthusiastic about the Farboud GTS and Arash subsequently granted him a licence to use the shape of the car and assist with the development in exchange for shares in
1484-600: The GTS 260, 350 and 400. Both the GTS 350 and 400 featured a supercharged 3.0-litre Ford V6 engine derived from the Ford V6 Mustang . The engine in the GTS 400 generated a power output of 384 hp (286 kW; 389 PS) providing a 0–97 km/h acceleration time of 3.9 seconds, with a top speed of over 282 km/h (175 mph). The base GTS 260 model with 262 hp (195 kW; 266 PS) engine could accelerate to 97 km/h in 4.8 seconds. When Ginetta acquired
1537-680: The Lancia V6 engine producing was 169 kW (230 PS) used in the Lancia D24 . The D24 competed in sports car racing and won the 1953 Carrera Panamericana with Juan Manuel Fangio at the wheel. The initial version of the Ferrari Dino engine was a 1.5 L (92 cu in) racing engine used in Formula Two racing in the 1957 season. It had a V-angle of 65 degrees and dual overhead camshafts. The Dino V6 underwent several evolutions, including
1590-464: The United States. The engine did not reach production. Similarly, a single prototype engine was produced by Buick in 1918. In 1910 Delahaye produced the first 30° 3.2-litre V6 which was installed in the 1911 Delahaye Type 44 automobile. The Lancia V6 engine was introduced in the 1950 Lancia Aurelia . Lancia had been producing V4 engines for approximately 30 years, and one of the key goals
1643-400: The V8 engine's four-throw crankshaft with a three-throw crankshaft. This reduced design costs, allowed the new V6 to share components with the V8 engine, and sometimes allowed manufacturers to build the V6 and V8 engines on the same production line. The downsides of a 90 degree design are a wider engine which is more vibration-prone than a 60 degree V6. The initial 90 degree V6 engines (such as
Ginetta F400 - Misplaced Pages Continue
1696-472: The VR6 engine, it could be fitted to the engine compartments relatively easily, in order to provide a displacement increase of 50 percent. Since there is no room in the V between the cylinder banks for an intake system, all the intakes are on one side of the engine, and all the exhausts are on the other side. It uses a firing order of 1-5-3-6-2-4 (which is the firing order used by most straight-six engines), rather than
1749-418: The angle between the cylinder banks. A 120 degree configuration, unlike the 60 degree or 90 degree configurations, would not require crankshafts with flying arms, split crankpins, or seven main bearings to be even-firing. However, the primary imbalance caused by odd number of cylinders in each bank still remains in a 120 degree V6 engine. This differs from the perfect balance achieved by a 90 degree V8 engine with
1802-410: The appropriate firing order . The inline-three engine that forms each cylinder bank, however, produces unbalanced rotating and reciprocal forces. These forces remain unbalanced in all V6 engines, often leading to the use of a balance shaft to reduce the vibration. The 1950 Lancia V6 engine was pioneering in its use of a six-throw crankshaft in order to reduce vibration. More recent designs often use
1855-471: The car "The Fangio", but there was push-back from the deceased Formula 1 driver 's Argentine family regarding remuneration. Arash sold his shares of Farbio to Michael Simmonds. Arash continued as 100% shareholder of Farboud Ltd. This later became Arash Motor Co. The design and concept was later sold to Laurence Tomlinson of Ginetta , who kept the design and renamed the car the Ginetta F400. The Farboud GT
1908-445: The case of a four-cylinder engine, the peaks are approximately 270% above mean torque and 210% below mean torque, with 100% negative torque being delivered between strokes. However, a V6 with uneven firing intervals of 90° and 150° shows large torque variations of 185% above and 172% below mean torque. Since 1991, Volkswagen has produced narrow angle VR6 engines with V-angles of 10.5 and 15 degrees shared by both banks of cylinders, in
1961-423: The common V6 firing order of 1-2-3-4-5-6 or 1-6-5-4-3-2. A V-angle of 60 degrees is the optimal configuration for V6 engines regarding engine balance. When individual crank pins are used for each cylinder (i.e. using a six-throw crankshaft), an even firing interval of 120 degrees can be used. This firing interval is a multiple of the 60 degree V-angle, therefore the combustion forces can be balanced through use of
2014-699: The fastest cars in the game, placed up high in Class S with a rank of S1859. The AF8 was designed by Arash and revealed at the Geneva Motor Show 2016. It featured a carbon/steel tubed chassis and a mid-engined 7.0-litre V8 engine producing 505 bhp. It later went up the hill at the Goodwood Festival of Speed in 2015 and 2016. V6 engine The first V6 engines were designed and produced independently by Marmon Motor Car Company , Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik and Delahaye . Engines built after World War II include
2067-545: The merging of Farbio with Ginetta , the GTS was further developed as the Ginetta F400 . In 2009, Arash displayed the AF10, featuring a Chevrolet Corvette -sourced 7.0-litre V8 engine producing at least 500 bhp. The car was not put into production but Arash later revealed a revised model in 2016 with a hybrid drivetrain and a horsepower claim of 2,080 hp. It also features in the car racing game Asphalt 8: Airborne as one of
2120-457: The new car company. Marsh subsequently simplified the design by substituting the Audi RS4 based racing engine with a Ford V6 . He also changed some cosmetic features including the doors, windows and interior parts. After a dispute in 2005, Marsh renamed the car "The Farbio". This was to announce the Farboud car link to "biofuel" and fitted more with the brand rework. He originally attempted to call
2173-405: The power delivery than four-cylinder engines, due to the overlap in the power strokes of the six-cylinder engine. In a four-cylinder, four-stroke engine, only one piston is on a power stroke at any given time. Each piston comes to a complete stop and reverses direction before the next one starts its power stroke, which results in a gap between power strokes, especially at lower engine speeds (RPM). In
Ginetta F400 - Misplaced Pages Continue
2226-515: The rights of the car in 2010, very little was altered from the original Farbio GTS, except the addition of a new supercharger to the Ford V6 engine. The engine then generated a power output of 410 hp (306 kW; 416 PS) and was coupled to a 6-speed manual transmission . Standard features for the F400 included adjustable black leather interior, leather trimmed dashboard, power-assisted sports steering,
2279-509: The vibrations using split crankpins offset by 30 degrees between piston pairs, which creates an even firing interval of 120 degrees for all cylinders. For example, the 1977 Buick 231 "even-fire" V6 engine was an upgraded version of the Buick Fireball engine with a split-pin crankshaft to reduce vibration by achieving an even firing order. Such a 'split' crankpin is weaker than a straight one, but modern metallurgical techniques can produce
2332-497: Was a 2.8 liter 90 ° V6 that was launched in the 1990 Audi 100 , and the narrow-angle VR6 , which was introduced across Volkswagen's mid-size and sports car lineup in the 1990s. In 1998, Mercedes-Benz introduced the M112 , its first V6 engine, while BMW has continued to use inline-6 engines. Mercedes-Benz discontinued its V6 engines in 2017, and has since returned to making inline-6 engines. The first independently designed British V6 engine
2385-466: Was discontinued in 2020, and Jaguar Land Rover replaced it with the new Ingenium engine , which has an inline-6 variant for JLR's bigger cars and SUVs. By the mid-1990s, the V6 layout was the most common configuration for six-cylinder automotive engines, with V6 engines having replaced most of the straight-six engines. Today, it is being progressively replaced across the car industry by turbocharged 4-cylinder engines, which can produce similar power, but in
2438-483: Was introduced in 1962 and was based on the all-alloy Buick 215 V8 , which shared its 90 ° bank angle, but unlike the Buick V8, used all-cast iron construction. Initially an uneven-firing engine, Buick later redesigned the crankshaft to a "split-pin" configuration to create an "even-firing" version. After it became the 3800 V6 in 1990, the engine gained a reputation as a reliable, powerful, fuel-efficient workhorse that became
2491-582: Was introduced in 1997. Also in 1970, the Citroën SM grand tourer was introduced, powered by a 90-degree V6 built by Maserati. The Chevrolet 90° V6 engine was introduced in 1978 and produced for 36 years. The first mass-produced Japanese V6 engine was the Nissan VG engine , a 60-degree design which was produced from 1983 to 2004. The Honda C engine was introduced in 1985, followed by the Mitsubishi 6G7 engine and
2544-557: Was originally established by Arash Farboud as Farboud Limited in 1999, and changed name in 2006. The company has expanded to North-America with a manufacturing facility in Bolton, Ontario, Canada. The company has made four models to date: the AF-LM (a prototype Le Mans tribute car), the Farboud GTS (a super sports car ), the AF-8 (their first supercar ) and the AF-10 (a hypercar ). Currently only
2597-617: Was the Alfa Romeo 155 V6 TI , designed for the 1993 DTM season and equipped with a 2.5 L (150 cu in) engine making a peak power of 360 kW (490 PS) at 11,900 rpm. The Renault-Gordini CH1 was a 90 degree V6 engine with an iron block. It was introduced in the 1973 Alpine -Renault A440 sportscar racing car. This engine won the European 2 L prototype championship in 1974 and several European Formula Two Championships . A turbocharged 2.0 L (122 cu in) version
2650-831: Was the Rover KV6 engine , which replaced the Honda C engine that was previously used in the Rover 800 . Jaguar used the Ford-based AJ-V6 engine until 2011 in their smaller cars, but also shared a V6 version of the 90 ° AJ-V8 engine with Land Rover for use in the XE, XF, XJ, F-Type and the F-Pace. Land Rover used it in the Range Rover, Range Rover Sport, Range Rover Velar, and the Discovery 4. The 90 ° V6 engine
2703-518: Was the company's first model, announced in 2002 at the Autosport International show in Birmingham . It featured a 2.8-litre V6 twin turbo engine producing 620 bhp. The Farboud GTS was shown as a concept car at Autosport International in 2003. Three cars were built before the design was sold to Farbio Sports Cars and production started in 2007 with the car sold as the Farbio GTS. Following
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#17328848623692756-524: Was to reduce the vibrations compared with the V4 engine. The V6 engine used a 60 degree V-angle and six crankpins, resulting in an evenly-spaced firing order to reduce vibrations. Other manufacturers took note and soon other V6 engines were designed. In 1959, the GMC V6 engine was introduced in the form of a 60-degree 305 cu in (5 L) petrol engine used in pickup trucks and carryalls . The Buick V6 engine
2809-578: Was used in the Renault Alpine A442 , which won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1978. A turbocharged 1.5 L (92 cu in) version of the Renault-Gordini CH1 engine was introduced in the 1977 Renault RS01 Formula One car. Renault struggled with reliability issues in 1977 and 1978; however, the 1979 season saw some good results at a few races. In 1981, the Ferrari 126C Formula One car used
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