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55-495: The Farø Bridges were opened by Queen Margrethe II on 4 June 1985. They were built because of the increasing congestion problems on the old Storstrøm Bridge from 1937. The high (south) bridge crosses Storstrømmen between Falster and Farø . It is a cable-stayed bridge . The bridge is 1,726 metres long, the longest span is 290 metres, and the maximum clearance to the sea is 26 metres strung up on 95.14 meters high suspension towers, which

110-507: A scenographer , a costume designer , and an illustrator of works by J. R. R. Tolkien . Support for the monarchy in Denmark , alongside her personal popularity, gradually rose throughout the course of her reign, attaining around eighty percent by the time of her abdication. She was succeeded by her elder son, Frederik X. Margrethe was born on 16 April 1940 at 10:10 CET at Frederik VIII's Palace , in her parents' residence at Amalienborg ,

165-647: A heart attack and was admitted to the Copenhagen Municipal Hospital . Margrethe was then designated acting regent the following day. The king died on 14 January, and Margrethe succeeded to the throne at the age of 31, becoming the first female Danish sovereign under the new Act of Succession. She was proclaimed Queen from the balcony of Christiansborg Palace the following day by Prime Minister Jens Otto Krag . She chose to be known as Margrethe II ;– the regnal number taken in recognition of

220-535: A levée was held for officers from the Defence and the Danish Emergency Management Agency, the I., II. and III. ranking classes as well as invited representatives of major national organisations and the royal patronages. Up to the end of her reign, Margrethe held 72 Danish and 8 foreign patronages as queen, including Aarhus Festuge , ARoS Aarhus Kunstmuseum , DaneAge Association , Danes Worldwide ,

275-419: A referendum, which occurred on 27 March 1953. The new Act of Succession permitted female succession to the throne of Denmark, according to male-preference cognatic primogeniture , where a female can ascend to the throne only if she does not have a brother. Princess Margrethe therefore became heir presumptive . In 2009, the law of succession was modified into absolute primogeniture. Margrethe attended

330-414: A year after the wedding, Margrethe gave birth to her first child, a son, on 26 May 1968. By tradition, Danish kings were alternately named either Frederik or Christian. She chose to maintain this by assuming the position of a Christian, and thus named her elder son Frederik . The following year, a second child, named Joachim , was born on 7 June 1969. In 1974, she and Henrik purchased Château de Cayx in

385-525: Is UTC (typically), UTC−01:00 (westernmost Spain ), or UTC+02:00 (e.g. the very easternmost parts of Norway , Sweden , Poland and Serbia ). On the other hand, people in Spain still have all work and meal hours one hour later than France and Germany despite sharing the same time zone. Historically Gibraltar maintained UTC+01:00 all year until the opening of the land border with Spain in 1982, when it followed its neighbour and introduced CEST. The following

440-497: Is a beam bridge . The bridge is 1,596 metres long, the longest span is 40 metres, and the maximum clearance to the sea is 20 metres. The construction was undertaken by a consortium of Campenon Bernard , Højgaard & Schultz , Kampax , Monberg & Thorsen and Polensky & Zöllner . The Bridges carry the combined E47 route to Lolland and E55 route to Falster, from Copenhagen and Helsingør , both of which continue to mainland Europe by ferry. A further crossing from Lolland,

495-510: Is a member of the Danish royal family who reigned as Queen of Denmark from 14 January 1972 until her abdication on 14 January 2024. Having reigned for exactly 52 years, she was the second-longest reigning Danish monarch after Christian IV . She is also the world's most recent female reigning monarch. Margrethe was born into the House of Glücksburg , a cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg , during

550-641: Is based on many factors including: legal, political, economic, and physical or geographic. Consequently, time zones rarely adhere to meridian lines. The CET time zone, were it drawn by purely geographical terms, would consist of exactly the area between meridians 7°30′ E and 22°30′ E. As a result, there are European locales that despite lying in an area with a "physical" or "nominal" UTC+01:00 time, actually use another time zone ( UTC+02:00 in particular – there are no "physical" UTC+01:00 areas that employ UTC+00:00 ). Conversely, there are European areas that have gone for UTC+01:00 , even though their "physical" time zone

605-525: Is currently used in Albania , Andorra , Austria , Belgium , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , the Czech Republic , Denmark , France , Germany , Hungary , Italy , Kosovo ( partially recognised as an independent country ), Liechtenstein , Luxembourg , Malta , Monaco , Montenegro , Netherlands , North Macedonia , Norway , Poland , San Marino , Serbia , Slovakia , Slovenia , Spain (except

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660-485: Is known as West Africa Time (WAT), although Algeria , Morocco and Tunisia use the term Central European Time despite being in North Africa . Between 2005 and 2008, Tunisia observed daylight saving time . Libya also used CET during the years 1951–1959, 1982–1989, 1996–1997 and 2012–2013. For other countries see UTC+01:00 and West Africa Time . The criteria for drawing time zones

715-455: Is used in most parts of Europe and in a few North African countries. CET is also known as Middle European Time (MET, German: MEZ ) and by colloquial names such as Amsterdam Time , Berlin Time , Brussels Time , Budapest Time , Madrid Time , Paris Time , Rome Time , Prague time , Warsaw Time or Romance Standard Time (RST). The 15th meridian east is the central axis per UTC+01:00 in

770-608: The Canary Islands ), Sweden , Switzerland and Vatican City . After World War II Monaco , Andorra and Gibraltar implemented CET. Portugal used CET in the years 1966–1976 and 1992–1996. The time around the world is based on Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) which is roughly synonymous with Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). From late March to late October, clocks in the United Kingdom are put forward by one hour for British Summer Time (BST). Since 1997, most of

825-670: The Danish Animal Welfare Society  [ da ] , the Danish Cancer Society  [ da ] , Den Gamle By , Det Classenske Fideicommis , the Danish Bible Society  [ da ] , Det Kongelige Vajsenhus , Diakonissestiftelsen , Foreningen Norden , Land of Legends (Sagnlandet Lejre) , M/S Maritime Museum of Denmark , Moesgaard Museum , National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark , Nyborg Slot , Rebild National Park ,

880-578: The Danish Parliament , representatives of official Denmark and the Royal Court at Christian VIII's Palace at Amalienborg . On day two, a levée was held at Christian VIII's Palace for the justices of Supreme Court of Denmark and the Officer Corps of The Royal Life Guards and The Guard Hussar Regiment , followed by a levée at Christiansborg Palace for the diplomatic corps . On day three,

935-412: The Danish political parties . Each party has the choice of selecting a royal investigator to lead these negotiations or alternatively, give the incumbent prime minister the mandate to continue his or her government as is. In theory each party could choose its own leader as royal investigator, as the social liberal Det Radikale Venstre did in 2006, but often only one royal investigator is chosen plus

990-623: The Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link may carry traffic to Germany , replacing the ferry. [REDACTED] Media related to Farøbroerne at Wikimedia Commons 54°57′03″N 11°59′14″E  /  54.95083°N 11.98722°E  / 54.95083; 11.98722 Margrethe II of Denmark Queen Margrethe II Margrethe II ( Danish: [mɑˈkʁeˀtə] ; Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid, born 16 April 1940)

1045-687: The Paramount Studios , where they met several celebrities, including Dean Martin , Jerry Lewis and Elvis Presley . She paid her first visit to the Faroe Islands in 1959, alongside her parents and sisters, and to Greenland in 1960. While Margrethe studied in London, she met the French diplomat, Henri de Laborde de Monpezat , who was legation secretary at the French Embassy in London. Their engagement

1100-534: The Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment , an infantry regiment of the British Army , following a tradition dating back to 1906 when Edward VII , married to Alexandra of Denmark , appointed his brother-in-law, Frederik VIII of Denmark , colonel-in-chief of the then Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment) . As sovereign , Margrethe received 42 official state visits and she undertook 55 foreign state visits herself. She and

1155-567: The Royal Danish Academy of Music , Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters , Royal Danish Yacht Club , Rungstedlund Foundation  [ da ] , Sankt Lukas Stiftelsen , Vallø stift and Vemmetofte . A pillar of her reign was an intricate knowledge of and connection to all parts of the Danish Realm . In 2016, she contributed to a book about Denmark's history. Until her abdication, Margrethe served as colonel-in-chief of

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1210-628: The Sorbonne in 1963, and was at the London School of Economics in 1965. She is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London . At the time of her birth, only males could ascend the throne of Denmark, owing to the changes in succession laws enacted in the 1850s when the Glücksburg branch was chosen to succeed. As Margrethe had no brothers, it was assumed that her uncle Prince Knud would one day assume

1265-449: The guest workers and their families (...) Then we come with our 'Danish humour' and little cocky remarks. Then we meet them with coolness, and then it is not far to harassment and rougher methods – we cannot allow that. If we want the new year to be better than the old, then here is a good place to start. The term "cocky remarks" ( dumsmarte bemærkninger , lit.   ' dumb-slick remarks ' ) has since become an integrated part of

1320-565: The 14th century Danish regent, Margrethe , who was publicly known as "Queen Margrethe" despite never being crowned. The Queen chose the motto : "God's help, the love of the people, Denmark's strength" (Danish: Guds hjælp, folkets kærlighed, Danmarks styrke ). She relinquished all the monarch's former titles except the title to Denmark , hence her style " By the Grace of God , Queen of Denmark" (Danish: Margrethe den Anden, af Guds Nåde Danmarks Dronning ). The Queen's main tasks were to represent

1375-461: The 40th year on the throne, on 14 January 2012. This was marked by a church service, concert, carriage procession, gala banquet at Christiansborg Palace and numerous TV interviews. The Queen's Golden Jubilee was marked on 14 January 2022, with celebrations to take place later in the year. In September, following the death of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, it was announced by

1430-648: The Council of State ( privy council ), where the acts of legislation which have been passed by the parliament are signed into law. In practice, nearly all of the Queen's formal powers were exercised by the Cabinet of Denmark . It was customary for Margrethe, as the Danish monarch, to host the annual New Year levées . Every year on 1 January, a banquet was held for the government, the Speaker of

1485-533: The Danes in general have underestimated the difficulties involved in successful integration of immigrants, exemplified with the rules of a democracy not being clarified to Muslim immigrants and a lack of readiness to enforce those rules. This was received as a change in line with the attitude of the Danish people. Margrethe marked her Silver Jubilee in 1997 with a religious service and a gala dinner attended by fellow Scandinavian royals. She celebrated her Ruby Jubilee ,

1540-620: The Danish court disclosed in a press release that the Queen had contracted COVID-19 . On 13 February, the Queen was able to leave home isolation after having had a mild case of the virus. On 21 September 2022, the Danish Royal House disclosed in a press release that Margrethe had tested positive for COVID-19 a second time after attending the state funeral of Elizabeth II , her third cousin, in London. She left home isolation again on 26 September and resumed her official duties immediately, stating that she felt fine. On 22 February 2023,

1595-521: The Danish newspaper B.T. printed an announcement from the Royal Court that the Queen would henceforth smoke only in private. In September 2024, she was hospitalised after falling in Fredensborg Castle . Central European Time Central European Time ( CET ) is a standard time of Central, and parts of Western Europe, which is one hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The time offset from UTC can be written as UTC+01:00 . It

1650-576: The Danish vocabulary. In an interview within the 2016 book De dybeste rødder ( The Deepest Roots ), according to historians at the Saxo Institute of the University of Copenhagen , Margrethe showed a change in attitude to immigration towards a more conservative stance. She stated that the Danish people should have more explicitly clarified the rules and values of Danish culture in order to be able to teach them to new arrivals. She further stated that

1705-661: The European Union aligned with the British standards for BST. In 1968 there was a three-year experiment called British Standard Time , when the UK and Ireland experimentally employed British Summer Time (GMT+1) all year round; clocks were put forward in March 1968 and not put back until October 1971. Central European Time is sometimes referred to as continental time in the UK. Several African countries use UTC+01:00 all year long, where it

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1760-481: The Kingdom abroad and to be a unifying figure at home. She performed the latter by opening exhibitions, attending anniversaries and inaugurating bridges, among other things. She received foreign ambassadors and awards, honours and medals. As a constitutional sovereign, Margrethe took no part in party politics and does not express any political opinions. Although she had the right to vote, she opted not to do so to avoid even

1815-649: The Queen addressed the xenophobia experienced by many immigrants in Denmark: We have the peace, the free political life and social relations that make our country a sought-after haven for many. Refugees from very different backgrounds come here, sometimes injured in both mind and body. We welcome them and are probably also a little proud that they have chosen our little paradise, but when we see them fumbling with our way of life and our language, hospitality becomes difficult all too quickly, and disappointment sets in on both sides. There are also others who have felt that, namely

1870-446: The Queen underwent "major back surgery" at Rigshospitalet due to continued back pain. In a statement the following day, a representative for the Queen said that the surgery had gone well and that she had already been up for a walk. She was discharged from the hospital on 2 March, and returned from sick leave on her birthday on 16 April. Margrethe has been a chain smoker and is well known for her tobacco habit. On 23 November 2006,

1925-629: The Royal House that it was "Her Majesty The Queen's wish that a number of adjustments be made" to the upcoming celebrations. Between Elizabeth II's death and her abdication, Margrethe was Europe's longest-reigning monarch, the world's only queen regnant , and the longest-serving incumbent female head of state. In July 2023, the Danish Royal House recognized Margrethe II as Denmark's longest reigning sitting monarch. Though Christian IV reigned for over 59 years between 1588 and 1648, he

1980-404: The appearance of partisanship. The Queen held a meeting with the prime minister and the foreign affairs minister every Wednesday, unless either she or the prime minister was outside of the kingdom . After an election where the incumbent prime minister does not have a majority behind him or her, the Queen held a " Dronningerunde " (Queen's meeting) in which she met the chairmen of each of

2035-664: The beginning of Nazi Germany 's occupation of Denmark following the war invasion . Princess Margrethe was baptised on 14 May in the Holmen Church in Copenhagen. Her godparents were her grandfathers, King Christian X of Denmark and Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden; her maternal great-grandfathers, King Gustaf V of Sweden and Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn ; her uncles Prince Knud of Denmark and Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten ; as well as her first cousin twice removed, Prince Axel of Denmark . She

2090-550: The children, who were never expected to hold an official role within the royal family, to have normal lives, the Queen wanted "to create a framework for the four grandchildren, to a much greater degree, to be able to shape their own existence without being limited by the special considerations and obligations that a formal affiliation with the Royal House as an institution implies". Her son, Joachim, daughter-in-law, Marie , former daughter-in-law, Alexandra , and eldest grandson, Nikolai , publicly expressed shock and confusion because of

2145-417: The decision, after which Margrethe released a statement in which she said that it saddened her that she had upset Joachim's family. Along with her late husband, Margrethe has kept dachshunds since the 1970s. She currently has one dog, the dachshund Tilia, who was Prince Henrik's dog until his death in 2018. On 3 January 1972, three days after King Frederik IX delivered his New Year's address, he suffered

2200-422: The duties of the head of state on certain occasions, for example during Frederik and Christian's stays abroad. Queen Margrethe II has had a number of health issues. Since the 1990s, she has undergone several operations on her right knee due to injuries and osteoarthritis . In 1994, she was treated for cervical cancer . In 2003, she underwent a 4.5 hour long operation for spinal stenosis . On 9 February 2022,

2255-493: The past. She cited her extensive back surgery in February 2023, and said that the operation made her reassess her position and consider "whether now would be an appropriate time to pass on the responsibility to the next generation". Margrethe's elder son, Frederik, assumed the throne as Frederik X . Mirroring her first New Year Address in 1973, she said of the succession: "The support and assistance which I have received throughout

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2310-548: The prime minister, before each election. The leader who, at that meeting, succeeds in securing a majority of the seats in the Folketing , is, by royal decree, charged with the task of forming a new government. (No party has held an absolute majority in the Folketing since 1903.) Once the government had been formed, the Queen formally appointed it. Officially, it was the monarch who was the head of state , and she therefore presided over

2365-477: The principal residence of the Danish royal family in the district of Frederiksstaden in central Copenhagen . She was the first child of Crown Prince Frederik (later King Frederik IX) and Crown Princess Ingrid (later Queen Ingrid). Her father was the elder son of the then-reigning King Christian X , while her mother was the only daughter of Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden (later King Gustaf VI Adolf). Her birth took place just one week after

2420-504: The reign of her paternal grandfather, King Christian X . She is the eldest child of King Frederik IX and Queen Ingrid . She became heir presumptive to her father in 1953, when a constitutional amendment allowed women to inherit the throne. In 1967, she married Henri de Laborde de Monpezat , with whom she had two sons, Frederik and Joachim . Margrethe succeeded her father upon his death in January 1972. Margrethe has worked as

2475-440: The royal family have made several other foreign visits. As queen, her official residences were Amalienborg (where she resides at Christian IX's Palace ) in Copenhagen and Fredensborg Palace near Hillerød . Her summer residences were Marselisborg Palace near Aarhus and Gråsten Palace near Sønderborg , the former home of her mother, Queen Ingrid, who died in 2000. In her annual New Year's Eve address in 1984,

2530-696: The royal family in her parents' summer residence at Gråsten Palace in Southern Jutland . On 20 April 1947, following the death of Christian X, Margrethe's father ascended the throne as Frederik IX. Margrethe was educated at the private school N. Zahle's School in Copenhagen, from which she graduated in 1959. She spent a year at North Foreland Lodge , a boarding school for girls in Hampshire , England, and later studied prehistoric archaeology at Girton College, Cambridge , during 1960–1961, political science at Aarhus University between 1961 and 1962, attended

2585-439: The throne. The process of changing the constitution started in 1947, not long after Margrethe's father ascended the throne and it became clear that Queen Ingrid would have no more children. The popularity of Frederik and his daughters and the more prominent role of women in Danish life started the complicated process of altering the constitution. The law required that the proposal be passed by two successive Parliaments and then by

2640-580: The traditional New Year Courts for the first time in 1956. On her eighteenth birthday, 16 April 1958, Margrethe was given a seat in the Council of State . She subsequently chaired the meetings of the Council in the absence of the King. In 1960, together with her first cousin, Princess Margaretha of Sweden , and Princess Astrid of Norway , she travelled to the United States, which included a visit to Los Angeles, and to

2695-533: The wine district of Cahors in Southern France . Margrethe announced in 2008 that her male-line descendants would bear the additional title of Count or Countess of Monpezat in recognition of her husband's ancestry. In 2022, the Queen announced that, from the start of 2023, the descendants of Prince Joachim will only be able to use their titles of Count and Countess of Monpezat, their previous titles of Prince and Princess of Denmark ceasing to exist. To allow

2750-687: The world system of time zones . As of 2023, all member states of the European Union observe summer time ( daylight saving time ), from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October. States within the CET area switch to Central European Summer Time (CEST, UTC+02:00 ) for the summer. In Africa, UTC+01:00 is called West Africa Time (WAT), where it is used by several countries, year round. Algeria , Morocco , and Tunisia also refer to it as Central European Time . As of 2017, Central European Time

2805-456: The years, have been crucial to the success of my task. It is my hope that the new King and Queen will be met with the same trust and devotion which have fallen to my lot." Since her abdication, Margrethe has been referred to as "Her Majesty Queen Margrethe II" or "Her Majesty Queen Margrethe". Margrethe is eligible to serve as regent in the event of the incapacity or absence of the King and Crown Prince Christian. As regent, Margrethe can perform

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2860-443: Was announced on 5 October 1966. They were married on 10 June 1967, at the Holmen Church in Copenhagen, and the wedding reception was held at Fredensborg Palace . Laborde de Monpezat received the style and title of "His Royal Highness Prince Henrik of Denmark" because of his new position as the spouse of the heir presumptive to the Danish throne. They were married for over fifty years, until his death on 13 February 2018. Less than

2915-577: Was finished in 1984. It was one of the first cable-stayed bridges in Scandinavia (the first was the Strömsund Bridge ). The two towers supporting the span are of 'diamond' shape construction, rising from a single point to either side of the roadway, then combining to one point above the centre of the bridge. There is only one row of suspension cables, along the centre of the roadway. The low (north) bridge crosses Kalvø Strøm between Farø and Zealand. It

2970-911: Was named Margrethe – the Danish variation of her late maternal grandmother Crown Princess Margareta of Sweden 's name – Alexandrine after her paternal grandmother, Queen Alexandrine , and Ingrid after her mother. Since her paternal grandfather was also King of Iceland at the time of her birth, she was given the Icelandic name Þórhildur. Like her maternal grandmother, Margrethe is known affectionately as "Daisy" to her family and close friends. The birth of Margrethe's younger sisters Benedikte and Anne-Marie followed in 1944 and 1946 respectively. The princesses grew up in apartments at Frederik VIII's Palace at Amalienborg in Copenhagen and in Fredensborg Palace in North Zealand . Margrethe spent summer holidays with

3025-431: Was not officially installed until 1596, ruling with a "guardian government" up until then. In her annual live broadcast New Year's Eve address on 31 December 2023, Margrethe announced her abdication, which took place on 14 January 2024, the 52nd anniversary of her accession to the throne. She said that time had taken its "toll", that her number of "ailments" had increased, and that she cannot undertake as many duties as in

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