40-563: The King Edward VII Memorial Hospital in Stanley, Falkland Islands is the base for the Falkland Islands Government Health Service. Health services are funded by fish licence revenue and by income tax. They are entirely free at the point of delivery to Islands residents and to British residents under a reciprocal health agreement. In 2003, the provision of the service cost £950 per head of population per year, similar to
80-483: A tundra climate ( ET ), due to cool summer temperatures (the mean temperature was less than 10 °C or 50 °F in the hottest month). Like the rest of the archipelago, Stanley has more or less even temperatures through the year and strong westerlies . Precipitation, averaging 544 mm (21.42 in) a year, is nonetheless relatively low, and evenly spread throughout the year. Typically, at least 1 mm (0.039 in) of rain will be recorded on 125.2 days of
120-496: A " medicine chest " so doctors can instruct them to take medications based on remote consultations. Patients, or doctors, can be transported by the Falkland Islands Government Air Service if necessary. Serious emergencies are taken to Uruguay. Dr Rebecca Edwards is the chief medical officer. They use EMIS software for medical records. Sir Jack Hayward contributed to the repairs of the hospital after
160-468: A club house. It is also located to the west of Stanley. King Edward VII Memorial Hospital is the islands' main hospital, with doctors' practice and surgery, radiology department, dental surgery and emergency facilities. The Port Stanley Airport operates internal flights, and scheduled international passenger flights operate from the RAF Mount Pleasant military airbase. Stanley is also home to
200-457: A fire destroyed an earlier wooden construction of the hospital, killing seven patients and one nurse, Barbara Chick. She was later posthumously awarded a Queen's Commendation for Brave Conduct . The hospital must be entirely self-sufficient and takes referrals from Tristan da Cunha , South Georgia , and Antarctica . Before 1982 medical services on the islands were very basic, but there has been considerable investment since. Colorectal cancer
240-539: A part-time nurse practitioner, two casualty nurses, ward nurses and healthcare assistants. The GPs have to provide all medical care apart from surgery or anaesthesia, supported by visiting specialists, mostly from the UK who help to keep them up to date. Consultations take place by telephone for patients in remote locations. There are three midwives, and about 30 babies are born each year. There are weekly visits by GPs to patients outside Stanley. Remote rural patients are provided with
280-404: A polar climate. Contrast this with Churchill, Manitoba , which also has a near-tundra climate but is much more continental in nature. The Falkland Islands have displayed a warming trend in recent years; the mean daily January maximum for Mount Pleasant for the years 1999-2012 is 15.1 °C (59.2 °F) compared to Stanley's 1961-90 average of 14.1 °C (57.4 °F). Formerly, Stanley had
320-577: A slightly milder climate (annual mean temperature being 1.7 °C (3.1 °F) higher) due to its position on the South American mainland, although summers everywhere on this latitude in the southern hemisphere are very cool due to important marine effects. Temperature extremes at Stanley vary from −11.1 °C (12.0 °F) to 26.1 °C (79.0 °F). More recently, on 23 January 1992, nearby Mount Pleasant Airport recorded 29.2 °C (84.6 °F). The Stanley Infant & Junior School (IJS)
360-408: Is classified as a subpolar oceanic climate ( Köppen Cfc ), bordering very closely on a polar climate ( ET ). Nowadays it barely avoids classification as ET because the mean temperature is greater than 10 °C (50 °F) for two months of the year. Unlike typical tundra climates, however, the winters are very mild, and vegetation grows there that normally could not in a climate this close to
400-465: Is located along John Street at the intersection with Villiers Street in Stanley. The school first opened in 1955 and has about 250 students between the ages of four and 11. The Falkland Island Community School (FICS) is located on Reservoir Road in Stanley. It has approximately 220 students between 11 and 16. Gypsy Cove , known for its Magellanic penguins , and Cape Pembroke , the easternmost point of
440-582: Is the capital city of the Falkland Islands . It is located on the island of East Falkland , on a north-facing slope in one of the wettest parts of the islands. At the 2016 census, the city had a population of 2,460. The entire population of the Falkland Islands was 3,398 on Census Day - 9 October 2016. Stanley is represented by five of the eight elected members of the Legislative Assembly of
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#1732880722988480-557: Is used by internal flights and provides connections to British bases in Antarctica . Flights to Argentina ended after the 1982 conflict. A weekly flight to Punta Arenas in Chile commenced in 1993, which now operates out of RAF Mount Pleasant . Scheduled passenger flights between the Mount Pleasant airfield and the UK are also operated twice a week by a civilian airline contractor on behalf of
520-683: The Falkland Islands article that "Government House, grey, stone-built and slated, calls to mind a manse in Shetland or Orkney ." There is a conservatory on the northern side of the building, which Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh visited during his tour of the Falklands in 1991. One of the world's southernmost grapevines grows there, of the Black Hamburg variety. Ernest Shackleton stayed here during his famous expedition . Allegedly, he described his time there as being "far colder than any time on
560-813: The Falkland Islands Radio Station (FIRS), the Stanley office of the British Antarctic Survey , and the office of the weekly Penguin News newspaper. The original capital of the islands was at Port Louis to the north of the present site of Stanley, on Berkeley Sound . Captains Francis Crozier and James Clark Ross were recruited by Governor Richard Moody in his quest to find a new capital for The Falklands. Both Crozier and Ross (who are remembered in Crozier Place and Ross Road in Stanley) were among
600-540: The Governor of the Falkland Islands —and a golf course , as well as a whale-bone arch, a totem pole , several war memorials and the shipwrecks in its harbour. The Falkland Islands Company owns several shops. Stanley has four pubs, 11 hotels and guesthouses, three restaurants, a fish and chip shop and the main tourist office. There are three churches, including the Anglican Christ Church Cathedral ,
640-517: The Royal Air Force . Stanley was occupied by Argentine troops for about 10 weeks during the Falklands War in 1982. The Argentinians renamed the town Puerto Argentino, and although Spanish names for places in the Falklands were historically accepted as alternatives, this one is considered to be extremely offensive by many islanders. Stanley suffered considerable damage during the war, from both
680-536: The Royal Navy 's most distinguished seafarers. They spent five months in the islands with their ships Terror and Erebus , later lost looking for the Northwest Passage . Governor Moody (after whom Moody Brook is named), however, decided to move the capital to Port Jackson , which was renamed "Stanley Harbour", after a survey. Stanley Harbour was considered to have a deeper anchorage for visiting ships. Not all
720-435: The invasion and liberation of the port. On 14 June 2022, Stanley received letters patent from the monarch awarding city status. The Governor of the Falkland Islands , Nigel Phillips , read out the document outside the town hall on the same day. A number of variants of the city's name have appeared in both English and Spanish. Stanley Harbour was originally known as "Port Jackson", and this name would have applied to
760-484: The 1982 Falklands War . In 2022 the first assisted living facility for the islands, to be called Tussac House, was commissioned from Scotframe in Inverurie . It will have 32 extra care apartments made up of one and two-bedroom units, as well as single bed, short-term accommodation. It is intended to free up much needed capacity in the hospital. Stanley, Falkland Islands Stanley (also known as Port Stanley )
800-630: The Argentine occupation and the British naval shelling of the town, which killed three civilians. After the British secured the high ground around the town the Argentines surrendered with no fighting in the town itself. The beaches and land around it were heavily mined and some areas remain marked minefields . Since the Falklands War, Stanley has benefited from the growth of the fishing and tourism industries in
840-521: The Falkland Islands : Stacy Bragger , Barry Elsby , Mark Pollard , Roger Spink , and Leona Vidal Roberts . An elected Town Council of Stanley existed from 1948 to 1973. On 14 June 2022, Stanley received letters patent , formally awarding it city status. Stanley is the main shopping centre on the islands and the hub of East Falkland's road network. Attractions include the Falkland Islands Museum , Government House —built in 1845 and home to
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#1732880722988880-482: The Falklands, lie nearby. Gypsy Cove is four miles (6 km) from Stanley and can be reached by taxi or on foot. Today, roughly one third of the city’s residents are employed by the government, and tourism is also a major source of employment. On days when two or more large cruise ships dock in the town, tourists frequently outnumber the local residents. Peat was once a prominent heating/fuel source in Stanley, and stacks of drying peat under cover can still be seen by
920-456: The Islands. Stanley itself has developed greatly in that time, with the building of a large amount of residential housing, particularly to the east of the town centre. Stanley is now more than a third bigger than it was in 1982. In 2022, as part of Queen Elizabeth II's Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours , Stanley was one of the successful bids for city status , coinciding with the 40th anniversary of
960-811: The Officer Administering the Government of the Falkland Islands reported to the Secretary of State for the Colonies in London as follows: There is some difficulty over the correct name of the capital. Early despatches contain reference to both Port Stanley and Stanley. Port Stanley was accepted by the Naming Commission set up in 1943 to consider the names then being included on the War Office maps. Local opinion differs on
1000-402: The area before the town was built. Although the town is officially known as "Stanley", it is frequently referred to as "Port Stanley", especially in British reports about the Falklands War. This is in line with various other settlements around the islands, e.g. Port Howard and Port Stephens . However, "Stanley" without the "Port" prefix was established long before the war, and on 2 August 1956,
1040-453: The cost in the UK. Services are provided to about 3,000 residents. The military base provides its own health care, but makes use of the hospital facilities as necessary. This is the only hospital on the Islands. All the islands' medical, dental and community health services are based there. There are 18 acute beds, one maternity bed, a single bedded isolation unit, a two bedded intensive care unit and seven long-stay nursing beds. In April 1984,
1080-506: The defence of the islands and to develop the new settlement. The settlement soon grew as a deep-water port , specialising at first in ship repairs; before the construction of the Panama Canal , Port Stanley was a major repair stop for ships travelling through the Straits of Magellan . The rough waters and intense storms found at the tip of the continent forced many ships to Stanley Harbour, and
1120-475: The equator to British warm-summer climates like London , Cardiff and Bristol , illustrating the relative chilliness of the climate. In the northern hemisphere, lowland tundra areas are located at latitudes further from the tropics. Many European capitals are also located much farther from the tropics than Stanley is. The nearest larger city of Río Gallegos (the provincial capital of Santa Cruz ) in Argentina has
1160-490: The inhabitants were happy with the change; a JW Whitington is recorded as saying, "Of all the miserable bog holes, I believe that Mr Moody has selected one of the worst for the site of his town." Work on the settlement began in 1843 and it became the capital in July 1845. It was named after Lord Stanley , Secretary of State for War and the Colonies at the time. In 1849, 30 married Chelsea Pensioners were settled there to help with
1200-403: The islanders themselves: During the 1982 occupation, Patrick Watts of the islands' radio station used circumlocutions to avoid using Argentine names: "It hurt me greatly to call it [the radio station] Radio Nacional Islas Malvinas, and I used to try to avoid referring to Port Stanley as Puerto Argentino. I called it 'the capital' or the 'largest settlement on the island'" The climate of Stanley
1240-540: The islands), a sports centre, and school. A grass football pitch is located by the community centre. A separate building houses the college of further education and the library. A new sports centre is under construction to the south of the town centre, next to a newly-laid floodlit all-weather pitch. Stanley Racecourse, located on the west side of Stanley, holds a two-day horse racing meeting every year on 26 and 27 December. The Christmas races have been held here for over 100 years. Stanley Golf Course has an 18-hole course and
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1280-405: The islands, was a new settlement founded by the British, and therefore did not have a Spanish name of its own. Many Spanish speakers use "Puerto Stanley", as a neutral translation of the British name but it is disliked by supporters of Argentine sovereignty who refuse to recognise English language names. Supporters of the Argentine claim have used several different names, none of which are accepted by
1320-513: The matter, but there is no doubt that Stanley is now common usage and has been for some considerable time. The capital is defined as Stanley in the Interpretation and General Law Ordinance. In the circumstances I would advise that the correct name for the capital is Stanley. The situation with the Spanish version of the name is far more complicated. Stanley, unlike Port Louis , the former capital of
1360-578: The occasional house. Stanley is twinned with Whitby in North Yorkshire , and Airdrie in North Lanarkshire , both in the United Kingdom . Government House (Falkland Islands) Government House in Stanley has been the home of the Falkland Islands ' governors since the mid-19th century. The official residence was built in 1845. The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica says in
1400-738: The ship repair industry helped to drive the island economy. Later it became a base for whaling and sealing in the South Atlantic and Antarctic . Later still it was an important coaling station for the Royal Navy . This led to ships based here being involved in the Battle of the Falkland Islands in the First World War, and the Battle of the River Plate in the Second World War . Landslides caused by excessive peat cutting destroyed part of
1440-475: The southernmost Anglican cathedral in the world, and the Roman Catholic St. Mary's Church . A bomb disposal unit in the town is a legacy of the Falklands War . The town hall serves as a post office, philatelic bureau , law court and dance hall. The police station also contains the islands' only prison, with capacity for 13 inmates. The community centre includes a swimming pool (the only public one in
1480-459: The town in 1879 and again in 1886, which killed two people. At about midnight on 29 November 1878 a black moving mass, several feet high, was moving forwards at a rate of 4 miles per hour (6.4 km/h) or 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h). The next morning the town was cut in two; the only way to travel between the two parts was by boat. During the Second World War , a hulk in Stanley Harbour
1520-478: The year. The islands receive 36.3% of possible sunshine, or around 1500–1600 hours a year, a level similar to southern parts of England. Daytime temperatures are similar to the Northern Isles of Scotland, though nights tend to be somewhat colder, with frost occurring on more than 1 in 3 nights (128.4 nights). Snow occurs in the winter. Light snowfall can occur at any time of year. Stanley is a similar distance from
1560-423: Was particularly common on the islands, linked to a very unusual gene mutation and a three-yearly colorectal screening programme was introduced in 1997. There are five full-time GPs and one part-time. A consultant surgeon and consultant anaesthetist do four month tours of duty on the Islands. A radiographer, a biomedical scientist, and a dental hygienist are seconded from NHS trusts . There are two practice nurses,
1600-589: Was used for interning the British Fascist and Mosleyite Jeffrey Hamm . A minor figure in the British Union of Fascists (BUF) at the time, Hamm moved to the Falkland Islands in 1939 to work as a teacher. He was arrested there (under Defence Regulation 18B ) in 1940 for encouraging fascist views among his pupils and his BUF membership and later transferred to a prison camp in South Africa . Stanley Airport
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