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102-454: The FMB is composed of students from all colleges of the University. Membership is open by audition to students of all class levels and all majors. The first band to represent what would become Bowling Green State University was formed during the 1923-1924 academic year. Making its first appearance early during the football season, the band's premier performance that year was at the dedication of

204-436: A closed tube when the player presses it to the lips; therefore, the instrument only naturally produces every other overtone of the harmonic series. The shape of the bell makes the missing overtones audible. Most notes in the series are slightly out of tune and modern trumpets have slide mechanisms for the first and third valves with which the player can compensate by throwing (extending) or retracting one or both slides, using

306-456: A pep rally , school assembly, or public ceremony one or more days before the football game. Other schools crown their royalty at the homecoming football game, a dance, or other school events. Often, the previous year's king and queen are invited back to crown their successors. If they are absent for whatever reason, someone else—usually, another previous king or queen, a popular teacher, or a royal representative—will perform those duties. Usually,

408-406: A perfect fourth (five semitones). Used singly and in combination these valves make the instrument fully chromatic , i.e., able to play all twelve pitches of classical music. For more information about the different types of valves, see Brass instrument valves . The overall pitch of the trumpet can be raised or lowered by the use of the tuning slide. Pulling the slide out lowers the pitch; pushing

510-532: A 40-foot-tall (12 m) pile of logs that had been assembled for a bonfire collapsed. However, this incident was not associated with homecoming—A&M is one of the few schools that do not organize a homecoming, although it has many unique traditions . The bonfire was associated with the annual rivalry game between A&M and the University of Texas . The alumni band consists of former college and university band members who return for homecoming to perform with

612-569: A Homecoming Event on the third Saturday of September. Some universities in Canada are also known to host Homecomings, although these are rarely as high profile as in the United States. They generally take place in September. Universities such as The University of Guelph , Western University , Concordia University , Queen's University , and The University of British Columbia have hosted homecomings in

714-403: A barbecue supper, and decorated the town buildings. Members of the senior class waited tables. The backings court is a representative group of students that, in a coeducational institution, consists of a king and queen, and possibly prince(s) and princess(es). In a single-sex institution, the homecoming court will usually consist of only a king and a prince (for an all-male school) or a queen and

816-409: A formal or informal event, either at the school or an off-campus location. The venue is decorated, and either a disc jockey or band is hired to play music. In many ways, it is a fall prom . Homecoming dances could be informal as well just like standard school dances. At high schools, the homecoming dances are sometimes held in the high school gymnasium or outside in a large field. Homecoming dance attire

918-411: A front ensemble, or pit. The reasoning for not limiting instruments to a certain set, is the band's tradition of always projecting a unique symphonic sound using a variety of instruments and composition techniques. The goal is to feature a sound not usually found among most high school and collegiate marching bands. The band, in its history, has had original music commissioned and then performed. In 2003,

1020-455: A hanging banner. This instrument is mostly used for ceremonial events such as parades and fanfares . David Monette designed the flumpet in 1989 for jazz musician Art Farmer . It is a hybrid of a trumpet and a flugelhorn, pitched in B ♭ and using three piston valves. Other variations include rotary-valve , or German, trumpets (which are commonly used in professional German and Austrian orchestras), alto and Baroque trumpets , and

1122-524: A large football game is the model that has gone on to take hold at colleges and high schools across the United States. At least two colleges claim homecoming intercollegiate football games before the University of Missouri 1911 football game homecoming event: Baylor University , in Waco , Texas and the University of Illinois in Urbana, Illinois. Baylor's homecoming history dates back to November 1909 and included

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1224-422: A parade, reunion parties, and an afternoon football game (the final game of the 1909 season), a tradition that continued and celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2009. There was a gap between 1910 and 1915 when there was no homecoming event; however there has been continuity since 1915. In 1910, University of Illinois held a weeklong homecoming celebration which concluded with an intercollegiate football game. With

1326-471: A princess (for an all-female school), although some schools may choose to join with single-sex schools of the other sex to elect the homecoming court jointly. Generally, the king and queen are students completing their final years of study at their school (also called "seniors"), while the prince and princess are underclassmen often with a prince/princess for each grade. Recently, some high schools have chosen to add categories, such as Duke and Duchess, to extend

1428-433: A straight mute with an additional, bell-facing cup at the end, and produces a darker tone than a straight mute. The harmon mute is made of metal (usually aluminum or copper ) and consists of a "stem" inserted into a large chamber. The stem can be extended or removed to produce different timbres, and waving one's hand in front of the mute produces a "wah-wah" sound, hence the mute's colloquial name. Using standard technique,

1530-454: A trade name of the Humes & Berg company. They are often held in place with cork. To better keep the mute in place, players sometimes dampen the cork by blowing warm, moist air on it. The straight mute is conical and constructed of either metal (usually aluminum )—which produces a bright, piercing sound—or another material, which produces a darker, stuffier sound. The cup mute is shaped like

1632-480: A typical pitch standard near A=466 Hz. No known instruments from this period survive, so the details—and even the existence—of a Renaissance slide trumpet is a matter of debate among scholars. While there is documentation (written and artistic) of its existence, there is also conjecture that its slide would have been impractical. Some slide trumpet designs saw use in England in the 18th century. The pocket trumpet

1734-678: A variety of festivals and parades. Away trips for the Falcon Marching Band have included: the University of Akron, University of Michigan, University of Toledo, Eastern Michigan, Miami, West Virginia, Marshall, Ohio State, Ball State, as well as professional football games at Riverfront Stadium & Paul Brown Stadium in Cincinnati, Ohio, the Pontiac Silverdome, and Cleveland Browns Stadium, and many high school band festivals. Additional trips have included appearances in bowl games such as

1836-510: A wide selection of mutes: common ones include the straight mute , cup mute , harmon mute (wah-wah or wow-wow mute, among other names ), plunger , bucket mute , and practice mute . A straight mute is generally used when the type of mute is not specified. Jazz and commercial music call for a wider range of mutes than most classical music and many mutes were invented for jazz orchestrators. Mutes can be made of many materials, including fiberglass, plastic, cardboard, metal, and "stone lining",

1938-429: Is a compact B ♭ trumpet. The bell is usually smaller than a standard trumpet bell and the tubing is more tightly wound to reduce the instrument size without reducing the total tube length. Its design is not standardized, and the quality of various models varies greatly. It can have a unique warm sound and voice-like articulation. Since many pocket trumpet models suffer from poor design as well as poor manufacturing,

2040-511: Is again a thriving art around the world. Many modern players in Germany and the UK who perform Baroque music use a version of the natural trumpet fitted with three or four vent holes to aid in correcting out-of-tune notes in the harmonic series. The melody-dominated homophony of the classical and romantic periods relegated the trumpet to a secondary role by most major composers owing to the limitations of

2142-563: Is also possible to produce pedal tones below the low F ♯ , which is a device occasionally employed in the contemporary repertoire for the instrument. Contemporary music for the trumpet makes wide uses of extended trumpet techniques. Flutter tonguing : The trumpeter rolls the tip of the tongue (as if rolling an "R" in Spanish) to produce a 'growling like' tone. This technique is widely employed by composers like Berio and Stockhausen . Growling : Simultaneously playing tone and using

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2244-422: Is at the same pitch as a trombone and is usually played by a trombone player, although its music is written in treble clef . Most bass trumpets are pitched in either C or B ♭ . The C bass trumpet sounds an octave lower than written, and the B ♭ bass sounds a major ninth (B ♭ ) lower, making them both transposing instruments . The historical slide trumpet was probably first developed in

2346-411: Is close to the note shown, it is flat relative to equal temperament , and use of those fingerings is generally avoided. The fingering schema arises from the length of each valve's tubing (a longer tube produces a lower pitch). Valve "1" increases the tubing length enough to lower the pitch by one whole step, valve "2" by one half step, and valve "3" by one and a half steps. This scheme and the nature of

2448-429: Is constructed of brass tubing bent twice into a rounded oblong shape. As with all brass instruments, sound is produced by blowing air through slightly separated lips, producing a "buzzing" sound into the mouthpiece and starting a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the trumpet. The player can select the pitch from a range of overtones or harmonics by changing the lip aperture and tension (known as

2550-529: Is followed by a special arrangement of "America the Beautiful." Going into a patriotic melody, the marching band then does an advanced left-face which faces them toward the flag for the United States National Anthem directed by the college's Director of Bands (or visiting band director when present). They then do an about-face and exit the field to the traditional cadences. The Falcon Marching Band

2652-487: Is known for its signature pregame entrance. The entrance goes back to the late 1960s and was written and designed by Mark S. Kelly, director of bands at BGSU from 1966-1994. Small changes and modifications have been made to the entrance over the years to accommodate increases in membership, but the entrance has been relatively unchanged over the years. The traditional pregame entrance is similar to pregame entrances of Big Ten schools in that it uses fast cadences and makes use of

2754-510: Is less formal than prom. Females generally wear knee-length dresses with their hair down, and males generally wear a tucked-in dress shirt with pants. At prom, females generally wear a more formal gown that goes to the ground with hair up, and males wear suits and tuxedos. Since most colleges are too large to facilitate a campus-wide dance, these events are usually handled instead by student organizations such as fraternities, sororities, and residential colleges. Because football and alumni events are

2856-433: Is lined up on the sidelines. With the blowing of the drum majors' whistles the band moves into attention. The drum major turns and faces the tuba and percussion sections. Together they bend back and shout out "Right up in there!" The crowd cheers knowing it is the start of pregame. At this moment the band does a sequence called "boom up". At the sound of a drum boom, the band on the sidelines bounces up back into attention. Then

2958-452: Is more common in orchestral settings (especially in German and German-style orchestras), although this practice varies by country. A musician who plays the trumpet is called a trumpet player or trumpeter . The English word trumpet was first used in the late 14th century. The word came from Old French trompette , which is a diminutive of trompe . The word trump , meaning trumpet ,

3060-460: Is often part of a series of activities scheduled for that specific day, which can also include a pep rally, bonfire , snake dance , and other activities for students and alumni. At most major colleges and universities, the football game and preceding tailgate party are the most widely recognized and heavily attended events of the week. Alumni gather from all around the world to return to their alma mater, reconnect with one another, and take part in

3162-411: Is omitted. At schools without athletic programs, the centerpiece event is usually a banquet, where alumni are recognized. This format is also used for alumni events of high schools that have either closed or consolidated with other high schools; the high school classes continue to meet and celebrate their years at their now-defunct alma mater . In other cases, alumni of closed schools will participate in

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3264-466: Is produced by vibrating the lips in a mouthpiece, which starts a standing wave in the air column of the instrument. Since the late 15th century, trumpets have primarily been constructed of brass tubing, usually bent twice into a rounded rectangular shape. There are many distinct types of trumpet, with the most common being pitched in B ♭ (a transposing instrument ), having a tubing length of about 1.48 m (4 ft 10 in). The cornet

3366-478: Is the tradition of welcoming back alumni or other former members of an organization to celebrate the organization's existence. It is a tradition in many high schools , colleges, and churches in the United States and Canada . Homecoming is an annual tradition in the United States. People, towns, high schools and colleges come together, usually in late September or early October, to welcome back former members of

3468-430: Is very similar to the trumpet but has a conical bore (trumpet has a cylindrical bore) and its tubing is generally wound differently. Early trumpets did not provide means to change the length of tubing, whereas modern instruments generally have three (or sometimes four) valves in order to change their pitch . Most trumpets have valves of the piston type, while some have the rotary type. The use of rotary-valved trumpets

3570-1173: The California Raisin Bowl in Fresno, CA, the Silver Bowl in Las Vegas , the Motor City Bowl in Detroit, the GMAC Bowl in Mobile, AL, the Humanitarian Bowl in Boise, ID, the Military Bowl in Washington D.C., the Little Caesars Pizza Bowl in Detroit, and in 2014, the FMB traveled to Montgomery, Alabama to assist the football team in the first ever " Camellia Bowl ". The game ended in a 33-28 BGSU win against

3672-737: The Classical Period . Salpinx contests were a part of the original Olympic Games. The Shofar , made from a ram horn and the Hatzotzeroth, made of metal, are both mentioned in the Bible. They were said to have been played in Solomon's Temple around 3,000 years ago. They are still used on certain religious days. The Moche people of ancient Peru depicted trumpets in their art going back to AD 300. The earliest trumpets were signaling instruments used for military or religious purposes, rather than music in

3774-479: The Oxus civilization (3rd millennium BC) of Central Asia have decorated swellings in the middle, yet are made out of one sheet of metal, which is considered a technical wonder for its time. The Salpinx was a straight trumpet 62 inches (1,600 mm) long, made of bone or bronze. Homer ’s Iliad (9th or 8th century BCE) contain the earliest reference to its sound and further, frequent descriptions are found throughout

3876-566: The Vienna valve trumpet (primarily used in Viennese brass ensembles and orchestras such as the Vienna Philharmonic and Mnozil Brass ). The trumpet is often confused with its close relative the cornet , which has a more conical tubing shape compared to the trumpet's more cylindrical tube. This, along with additional bends in the cornet's tubing, gives the cornet a slightly mellower tone, but

3978-453: The embouchure ). The mouthpiece has a circular rim, which provides a comfortable environment for the lips' vibration. Directly behind the rim is the cup, which channels the air into a much smaller opening (the back bore or shank) that tapers out slightly to match the diameter of the trumpet's lead pipe. The dimensions of these parts of the mouthpiece affect the timbre or quality of sound, the ease of playability, and player comfort. Generally,

4080-431: The embouchure . Standard fingerings above high C are the same as for the notes an octave below (C ♯ is 1–2, D is 1, etc.). Each overtone series on the trumpet begins with the first overtone—the fundamental of each overtone series cannot be produced except as a pedal tone . Notes in parentheses are the sixth overtone, representing a pitch with a frequency of seven times that of the fundamental; while this pitch

4182-544: The piccolo trumpet —with the highest register in the brass family—to the bass trumpet , pitched one octave below the standard B ♭ or C trumpet. Trumpet-like instruments have historically been used as signaling devices in battle or hunting, with examples dating back to at least 2000 BC. They began to be used as musical instruments only in the late 14th or early 15th century. Trumpets are used in art music styles, for instance in orchestras, concert bands , and jazz ensembles, as well as in popular music . Sound

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4284-581: The A, B ♭ , D, E ♭ , E, or F trumpet on the C trumpet or B ♭ trumpet. The smallest trumpets are referred to as piccolo trumpets . The most common models are built to play in both B ♭ and A, with separate leadpipes for each key. The tubing in the B ♭ piccolo trumpet is one-half the length of that in a standard B ♭ trumpet making it sound an octave higher. Piccolo trumpets in G, F and C are also manufactured, but are less common. Almost all piccolo trumpets have four valves instead of three—the fourth valve usually lowers

4386-581: The Perry Field House, the Stroh Center, and outside the stadium. Currently, the FMB pre-game concert is held outside the stadium near the tailgate park and is called "Pre-Flight". The FMB hosts a "Sounds of the Stadium" concert at the end of the football season, which features show songs and standard school songs. The FMB marches in a high-powered chair step during parts of pre-game. However, during halftime

4488-408: The United States, but do take place in some areas. In Newfoundland and Labrador , communities have a " Come Home Year " where people who have moved away from their town come back from across Canada. In 2000, there was a provincial "Come Home Year", where many people came back to visit their various communities. Homecomings are rare in Canada, and typically only take place in high schools situated in

4590-648: The University of South Alabama Jaguars. The band has also been featured in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade . In 2007, they were invited to perform in exhibition at the Bands of America Regional in Indianapolis, and then again in 2017 for the Grand Finals at Lucas Oil Stadium . In 2015, the FMB performed in the first ever Bands of America Regional Finals at Doyt Perry Stadium on the campus of BGSU. Homecoming Homecoming

4692-453: The back of the tongue to vibrate the uvula, creating a distinct sound. Most trumpet players will use a plunger with this technique to achieve a particular sound heard in a lot of Chicago Jazz of the 1950s. Double tonguing : The player articulates using the syllables ta-ka ta-ka ta-ka . Triple tonguing : The same as double tonguing, but with the syllables ta-ta-ka ta-ta-ka ta-ta-ka . Doodle tongue : The trumpeter tongues as if saying

4794-399: The band commissioned music by Ryan Nowlin (BGSU Classes of 2000 and 2004) titled Frontiers . The band premiered this show on November 28, 2003. In 2007, the band again commissioned a work from Ryan Nowlin titled New Frontiers . The music composed by Ryan Nowlin, with percussion by Michael Sander, and visual design from Jason Sivill, had themes from the original Frontiers . This band premiered

4896-415: The band in performance. The band also has student staff. The staff has section leaders who are assigned to certain instruments and/or instrument parts. They assist in helping the band's directors during practices and performance planning. The staff also features a uniform, fiscal, secretarial, and other various forms of managers. The traditional pregame was recently changed for the centennial celebration of

4998-402: The chair step. The traditional Bowling Green entrance uses various sequences and flashy visuals to bring the band on to the field for the downward march to the fight song. The description of the pregame entrance is as follows: The tuba and percussion sections are in a block-like formation in the back of the end zone. The tuba section is lined up in two lines facing downfield. The rest of the band

5100-462: The college include; the Alma Mater, "Forward Falcons", and "Ay Ziggy Zomba" which is played to hype the crowd at events, which is quite possibly the most recognizable song for the students, alumni, and fans. Forward Falcons, Forward Falcons, Fight for victory. Show our spirit, make them fear it, Fight for ol' Bee Gee. Forward Falcons, Forward Falcons, Make the contest keen. Hold up

5202-444: The community. It is built around a central event, such as a banquet or dance and, most often, a game of American football , or on occasions, basketball , ice hockey or soccer . When celebrated by schools, the activities vary widely. However, they usually consist of a football game played on a school's home football field, activities for students and alumni, a parade featuring the school's choir, marching band and sports teams, and

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5304-633: The consolidated school's homecoming, where special recognition is often given for alumni of the once-separate schools. In some parts of the United States, high school basketball has gained a homecoming celebration of its own. Often referred to as "winter homecoming", "hoopcoming", "coronation", "snowcoming", "Colors Day", or "court warming" (the latter is especially prominent in parts of Missouri), it usually includes rallies, dress-up days, special dinners, king and queen coronations, and other winter-friendly activities typically associated with football homecoming. Canadian homecoming weekends are less common than in

5406-428: The coronation of a homecoming queen (and at many schools, a homecoming king). A dance commonly follows the game or takes place the day after the game. When attached to a football game, homecoming traditionally occurs on the team's return from the longest road trip of the season or the first home game of a season that falls after an away game. The game itself, whether it be football or another sport, will typically feature

5508-433: The count of sixteen of the cadence, the rest of the band on the sidelines marks time using a power chair step and enters the field. As the band is entering the field from the sidelines, the drum majors, kicking up their legs, move quickly from the endzone to the front of the band. When the cadence ends, the band does a halt and twists toward the homeside. After the twist, the band plays the "Falcon Fanfare" and then marches down

5610-399: The current marching band (usually made up of recent graduates to members who graduated years or decades before) either during halftime as a full band or a featured section, e.g. the trumpet section or the tubas and drumline squads, as well as performing with the current band during the post-game concert. The homecoming dance—usually the culminating event of the week (for high schools)—is

5712-423: The drum major commands the percussion section to forward march. Using glide step and to the cheering of the crowd, the percussion section enters the field from the end zone while an introduction video plays. Once onto the field, using cymbal crashes on each letter, the band shouts out B-G-S-U. At this moment the cadence starts at about 168 beats per minute. Using a powered chair step, the tuba section high steps out of

5814-545: The east of the country. Newmarket High School , London South Collegiate Institute , Banting Memorial High School , Earl Haig Secondary School and St. Michael's College School are examples of schools in Ontario known to arrange homecomings. Upper Canada College also has a longstanding homecoming tradition, although the event is referred to as "A-Day" (Association Day). St. Thomas More Collegiate in Burnaby, British Columbia hosts

5916-409: The end zone before the band exits playing their traditional cadences. The Falcon Marching Band is a traditional United States style marching band. Instrumentation features trumpets , trombones , sousaphones , mellophones , euphoniums , saxophones (alto and tenor), clarinets , flutes , piccolos , and percussion made up of snare drums, tenor drums, bass drums and cymbals. The FMB does not have

6018-455: The end zone. On count 16 of the cadence, two things happen. As the tuba section enters the field, on count 16, the right and left sides of the tuba section flank out. The right side does a 270 spin on the flank while the left side just flanks left. As the flank happens, the tubas then move themselves into a downfield position. As they move into this position, each tuba on the left sides does a 270 spin and then moves into downfield position. Also, on

6120-632: The exception of the 1918 influenza pandemic year, it has been annual event since then. Although it did not initially include an intercollegiate football game, Northern Illinois University has one of the longest-celebrated homecoming traditions in the country. The alumni football game played on October 10, 1903, began NIU's homecoming tradition. Although it did not include an intercollegiate football game, Southwestern held its first Homecoming on Wednesday, April 21, 1909, in San Gabriel Park. Former students raised funds, provided homes, prepared and served

6222-426: The fame of our mighty name, and win for Bowling Green! Ay Ziggy Zoomba Zoomba Zoomba Ay Ziggy Zoomba Zoomba Ze Ay Ziggy Zoomba Zoomba Zoomba Ay Ziggy Zoomba Zoomba Ze Roll along you BG warriors Roll along and fight for BGSU! Auditions are held during the beginning of August rehearsals. The students that have already been accepted into the university move into their assigned residence halls prior to

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6324-472: The festivities. Students, alumni, businesses, and members of the community set up tents in parking lots, fields, and streets near the stadium to cook food, play games, socialize, binge drink, and even enjoy live music in many instances. These celebrations often last straight through the game for those who do not have tickets but still come to take part in the socializing and excitement of the homecoming atmosphere. Most tents even include television or radio feeds of

6426-454: The field to "Forward Falcons", the university fight song, using a chair step. After every football game, the band, football players, and fans collect at the band's stand to sing/play the Alma Mater. If a win, the band will play "Beer Barrel Polka." Every major athletic event ends with a playing of "Ay Ziggy Zoomba", and "Forward Falcons". During "Beer Barrel Polka", the tubas do a march through

6528-681: The focal points of collegiate homecoming, dances often take place during a different week when schedules are more permitting, or not at all. At the high school level, students generally compete by grade level in events such as the spirit days, parade floats, and powder puff football . The competition at the collegiate level is mainly between Greek-letter organizations and, to a lesser degree, residence halls. At most larger schools, fraternities and sororities compete on parade floats, house decorations, skits, talent competitions, and service events such as blood drives or food drives. On coronation night, some schools play games between classes. Such events include

6630-501: The football players or coach about the upcoming game. At some schools, the homecoming rally ends with a bonfire (in which old wood structures, the rival school's memorabilia and other items are burned in a controlled fire). Many colleges and high schools no longer hold bonfires because of accidents that have occurred surrounding these events in the past. The most well known accident took place in 1999, when 12 students were killed and 27 others were injured at Texas A&M University when

6732-574: The game for those without tickets. Sometimes during the school week, a picnic can occur. The picnic is very similar to the tailgate party, but it occurs after school or during the school's lunch period. Throughout the week, many schools (particularly high schools) engage in special dress-up days, sometimes called "Spirit Week", where students are allowed to wear clothing suitable to the theme (e.g., 1980s day, toga day, roll out of bed day, cowboy day, nerd day, pirate day, meme day, Rat Pack Day, flannel Friday, What-not-to-wear Wednesday) leading to

6834-452: The home team playing a considerably weaker opponent. The game is supposed to be an "easy win" and thus weaker schools will sometimes play lower division schools. The tradition of homecoming has its origin in alumni football games held at colleges and universities since the 19th century. Many schools including Baylor , Illinois , Missouri and Southwestern have claimed that they began homecoming. Trivial Pursuit and Jeopardy! give

6936-407: The homecoming. Students traditionally wear clothing with their school's name, or clothing and makeup of their school's colors on Friday. Many schools hold a rally during homecoming week, often one or more nights before the game. The events vary, but may include skits, games, introduction of the homecoming court (and coronation of the king and queen if that is the school's tradition), and comments from

7038-448: The instruments are otherwise nearly identical. They have the same length of tubing and, therefore, the same pitch, so music written for one of them is playable on the other. Another relative, the flugelhorn , has tubing that is even more conical than that of the cornet, and an even mellower tone. It is sometimes supplied with a fourth valve to improve the intonation of some lower notes. On any modern trumpet, cornet, or flugelhorn, pressing

7140-440: The intonation, tone color and dynamic range of such instruments are severely hindered. Professional-standard instruments are, however, available. While they are not a substitute for the full-sized instrument, they can be useful in certain contexts. The jazz musician Don Cherry was renowned for his playing of the pocket instrument. The tubing of the bell section of a herald trumpet is straight, making it long enough to accommodate

7242-415: The king and queen; sometimes, middle school and junior high students may partake in the high school activities. Many homecoming celebrations include a parade. Students often select the grand marshal based on a history of service and support to the school and community. The parade includes the school's marching band and different school organizations’ floats created by the classes and organizations and most of

7344-456: The late 14th century for use in alta cappella wind bands. Deriving from early straight trumpets, the Renaissance slide trumpet was essentially a natural trumpet with a sliding leadpipe. This single slide was awkward, as the entire instrument moved, and the range of the slide was probably no more than a major third. Originals were probably pitched in D, to fit with shawms in D and G, probably at

7446-549: The left thumb and ring finger for the first and third valve slides respectively. Trumpets can be constructed from other materials, including plastic. The most common type is the B ♭ trumpet, but A, C, D, E ♭ , E, low F, and G trumpets are also available. The C trumpet is most common in American orchestral playing, where it is used alongside the B ♭ trumpet. Orchestral trumpet players are adept at transposing music at sight, frequently playing music written for

7548-413: The low F ♯ at the bottom of the standard range. Extreme low pedals are produced by slipping the lower lip out of the mouthpiece. Claude Gordon assigned pedals as part of his trumpet practice routines, that were a systematic expansion on his lessons with Herbert L. Clarke. The technique was pioneered by Bohumir Kryl . Microtones : Composers such as Scelsi and Stockhausen have made wide use of

7650-512: The lowest note is the written F ♯ below middle C . There is no actual limit to how high brass instruments can play, but fingering charts generally go up to the high C two octaves above middle C. Several trumpeters have achieved fame for their proficiency in the extreme high register, among them Maynard Ferguson , Cat Anderson , Dizzy Gillespie , Doc Severinsen , and more recently Wayne Bergeron , Louis Dowdeswell , Thomas Gansch , James Morrison , Jon Faddis and Arturo Sandoval . It

7752-408: The marching band marches in a traditional glide step (a heel to toe style march). This is due to the concentration necessary for the band's symphonic sound. The band includes twirlers , color guards , and drum majors . The drum majors typically conduct and lead the band. Drum majors serve as secondary conductors when the band's official director is leading performances, or when special guests lead

7854-420: The modern sense; and the modern bugle continues this signaling tradition. Improvements to instrument design and metal making in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance led to an increased usefulness of the trumpet as a musical instrument. The natural trumpets of this era consisted of a single coiled tube without valves and therefore could only produce the notes of a single overtone series. Changing keys required

7956-444: The natural trumpet. Berlioz wrote in 1844: Notwithstanding the real loftiness and distinguished nature of its quality of tone, there are few instruments that have been more degraded (than the trumpet). Down to Beethoven and Weber , every composer – not excepting Mozart  – persisted in confining it to the unworthy function of filling up, or in causing it to sound two or three commonplace rhythmical formulae. The trumpet

8058-424: The new athletic field at homecoming . In the academic year of 2023-2024, the FMB celebrated its 100th anniversary at its homecoming game. Performances featured current members and alumni, bringing the band to over 600 members. These shows were directed by Jonathan Waters alongside former directors. A pre-game concert is offered one hour before every home football game. This concert has had many locations, including

8160-461: The normal move-in date for other students. Prospective members participate in Fundamentals Week - a form of band camp more commonly known to the veteran members as "Fundies Week", during which they work on marching fundamentals, drills and music rehearsals seven days prior to the opening of classes at the University. The FMB travels extensively in support of BGSU Athletics and has performed in

8262-525: The oldest college football rivalry west of the Mississippi River . The intense rivalry originally took place at neutral sites, usually in Kansas City , Missouri, until a new conference regulation was announced that required intercollegiate football games to be played on collegiate campuses. To renew excitement in the rivalry, ensure adequate attendance at the new location, and celebrate the first meeting of

8364-450: The overtone series create the possibility of alternate fingerings for certain notes. For example, third-space "C" can be produced with no valves engaged (standard fingering) or with valves 2–3. Also, any note produced with 1–2 as its standard fingering can also be produced with valve 3 – each drops the pitch by 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 steps. Alternate fingerings may be used to improve facility in certain passages, or to aid in intonation. Extending

8466-445: The past. Unsanctioned street parties in celebration of Homecoming weekend, known colloquially as "hoco", occur every year at Queen's University, Wilfred Laurier University, McMaster University, Dalhousie University, and the University of Western Ontario. When the date of homecoming lands on reading week , an unsanctioned party known as "foco", or "fake homecoming" will occur instead. The term "homecoming" can also refer to

8568-531: The pitch by a fourth, making some lower notes accessible and creating alternate fingerings for certain trills . Maurice André , Håkan Hardenberger , David Mason , and Wynton Marsalis are some well-known trumpet players known for their virtuosity on the piccolo trumpet. Trumpets pitched in the key of low G are also called sopranos, or soprano bugles, after their adaptation from military bugles . Traditionally used in drum and bugle corps , sopranos employ either rotary valves or piston valves . The bass trumpet

8670-453: The player to change crooks of the instrument. The development of the upper, " clarino " register by specialist trumpeters—notably Cesare Bendinelli —would lend itself well to the Baroque era, also known as the "Golden Age of the natural trumpet." During this period, a vast body of music was written for virtuoso trumpeters. The art was revived in the mid-20th century and natural trumpet playing

8772-407: The pyramid, three-legged race , pop chug, and tug of war . While most schools schedule their homecoming activities around football, smaller schools that do not have a football team may plan the annual event at another time of the year. In these instances, basketball, ice hockey or soccer serves as the "big boy game" for students and alumni. Often in smaller towns with smaller populations, the parade

8874-481: The queen is crowned first, followed by the king. The crowning method also varies by school, however, the crown is typically preserved and passed down to each successor. Homecoming court members who are not crowned king or queen are often called escorts or royalty. They are often expected to participate in the week's activities as well. At some schools, a homecoming prince/princess, duke/duchess, etc. (often underclassmen nominated by their classmates) are crowned along with

8976-415: The representation of students to include a category in which students with special needs are elected. In high school, 17- or 18-year-old students in their final year are represented by a king or queen; in college, students who are completing their final year of study, usually between 21–23 years old. Local rules determine when the homecoming king and queen are crowned. Sometimes, the big announcement comes at

9078-584: The school. The original pre-game is: FMB enters the field near the end of Doyt Perry Stadium executing chair step marching. After finishing the cadences that they enter the field to, the band then "collects" the members from a block formation to their unique "X" block style marching. They march down the field "8 to 5" with this "X" style to the fight song. After performing the fight song, they play "Go BG Warriors" (previously "Happy Days Are Here Again") and then play "Ay Ziggy Zoomba". They then begin to perform Bowling Green State University's Alma Mater . The Alma Mater

9180-576: The show on November 2, 2007. They have commissioned a new chorale from the New Frontiers composition. In 2004, Ryan Nowlin, to honor them for their work and performance, he wrote a piece titled Chorale for Dr. Carol Hayward and the Falcon Marching Band. This piece featured themes from Frontiers . The band still uses this now traditional piece as a warm-up and for public performances. The BGSU FMB has three common songs that can be heard at various athletic and academic events. These three song "standards" for

9282-460: The slide in raises it. Pitch can be "bent" using the embouchure only. To overcome the problems of intonation and reduce the use of the slides, Renold Schilke designed the tuning-bell trumpet. Removing the usual brace between the bell and a valve body allows the use of a sliding bell; the player may then tune the horn with the bell while leaving the slide pushed in, or nearly so, thereby improving intonation and overall response. A trumpet becomes

9384-453: The special services conducted by some religious congregations, particularly by many smaller American Protestant churches, to celebrate church heritage and welcome back former members or pastors. They are often held annually, but are sometimes held as one-time-only events, to celebrate the occasion. Trumpet Plucked The trumpet is a brass instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles . The trumpet group ranges from

9486-449: The sports get a chance to be in the parade. Every class prepares a float which corresponds with the homecoming theme or related theme of school spirit as assigned by school administrators. In addition, the homecoming court takes part in the parade, often riding together in one or more convertibles as part of the parade. Community civic organizations and businesses, area fire departments, and alumni groups often participate as well. The parade

9588-399: The third valve alone gives essentially the same tubing length as the 1–2 combination. (In practice there is often a deliberately designed slight difference between "1–2" and "3", and in that case trumpet players will select the alternative that gives the best tuning for the particular note being played.) When a fourth valve is present, as with some piccolo trumpets , it usually lowers the pitch

9690-431: The third valve slide when using the fingerings 1–3 or 1-2-3 further lowers the pitch slightly to improve intonation. Some of the partials of the harmonic series that a modern B ♭ trumpet can play for each combination of valves pressed are in tune with 12-tone equal temperament and some are not. Various types of mutes can be placed in or over the bell, which decreases volume and changes timbre. Trumpets have

9792-581: The title to the University of Missouri 's 1911 football game during which alumni were encouraged to attend. It appears to be the first homecoming event which included both a parade and an intercollegiate football game; such was the response and success that it became an annual event. In 1891, the Missouri Tigers first faced off against the Kansas Jayhawks in the first installment of the Border War ,

9894-404: The trumpet's ability to play microtonally. Some instruments feature a fourth valve that provides a quarter-tone step between each note. The jazz musician Ibrahim Maalouf uses such a trumpet, invented by his father to make it possible to play Arab maqams . Valve tremolo : Many notes on the trumpet can be played in several different valve combinations. By alternating between valve combinations on

9996-627: The two teams on the Mizzou campus in Columbia , Missouri, Mizzou Athletic Director Chester Brewer invited all alumni to "come home" for the game in 1911. Along with the football game, the celebration included a parade and spirit rally with a bonfire. The event was a success, with nearly 10,000 alumni coming home to take part in the celebration and watch the Tigers and Jayhawks play to a 3–3 tie. The Missouri annual homecoming, with its parade and spirit rally centered on

10098-438: The valves indicated by the numbers below produces the written notes shown. "Open" means all valves up, "1" means first valve, "1–2" means first and second valve simultaneously, and so on. The sounding pitch depends on the transposition of the instrument. Engaging the fourth valve, if present, usually drops any of these pitches by a perfect fourth as well. Within each overtone series, the different pitches are attained by changing

10200-544: The wider and deeper the cup, the darker the sound and timbre. Modern trumpets have three (or, infrequently, four) piston valves , each of which increases the length of tubing when engaged, thereby lowering the pitch. The first valve lowers the instrument's pitch by a whole step (two semitones ), the second valve by a half step (one semitone), and the third valve by one and a half steps (three semitones). Having three valves provides eight possible valve combinations (including "none"), but only seven different tubing lengths, because

10302-547: The word doodle . This is a very faint tonguing similar in sound to a valve tremolo. Glissando : Trumpeters can slide between notes by depressing the valves halfway and changing the lip tension. Modern repertoire makes extensive use of this technique. Vibrato : It is often regulated in contemporary repertoire through specific notation. Composers can call for everything from fast, slow or no vibrato to actual rhythmic patterns played with vibrato. Pedal tone : Composers have written notes as low as two-and-a-half octaves below

10404-651: Was first used in English in 1300. The word comes from Old French trompe 'long, tube-like musical wind instrument' (12c.), cognate with Provençal tromba , Italian tromba , all probably from a Germanic source (compare Old High German trumpa , Old Norse trumba 'trumpet'), of imitative origin." The earliest trumpets date back to 2000 BC and earlier. The bronze and silver Tutankhamun's trumpets from his grave in Egypt, bronze lurs from Scandinavia, and metal trumpets from China date back to this period. Trumpets from

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