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18-507: The Khorramabad River runs past the eastern and south-western side of the Falak-ol-Aflak hill providing the fortress some natural protection on those sides. Today, the western and northern sides of the hill are bordered by the residential districts of Khorramabad. Under the Pahlavi dynasty , after being used as a prison until 1968, it was transformed into a museum complex. The foundations of

36-532: A majlis was a tribal council in which the male members participated in making decisions of common interest. The council was presided over by the chief ( Sheikh ). During the period of the Rashidun Caliphate , the Majlis al-Shura was formed to elect a new caliph. Al-Mawardi has written that members of the majlis should satisfy three conditions: they must be just, they must have enough knowledge to distinguish

54-494: A good caliph from a bad one, and must have sufficient wisdom and judgement to select the best caliph. Majlis is also used to refer to a private place where guests are received and entertained. Frequently the room has cushions placed around the walls where the visitors sit, either with the cushions placed directly on the floor or upon a raised shelf. Because hospitality is taken seriously, many families take pride in making their guests comfortable when visiting. In many Arab homes ,

72-508: A local-heritage style," said Provincial Airport Director Abdul Aziz Abu Harba . "The seating arrangement at the airport lounge has been in the form of a traditional majlis and the walls are painted in various colors reflecting the natural beauty of Asir." In the Najd of Saudi Arabia, wall coverings include star shapes and other geometric designs carved into the wall covering itself. Courtyards and upper pillared porticoes are principal features of

90-536: A style of painting the majlis. Sometimes public waiting rooms are also called a majlis, since this is an area where people meet and visit. Here the traditional al-qatt al-Asiri has been added to the interior design of the room. The provincial airport in Abha has recently been designed to reflect the cultural heritage of the region, an airport official said: "Abha is the first city in the Kingdom to have its airport decorated in

108-408: Is usually begrimed by the smoke of the coffee hearth. In Riyadh , examples can be seen in unadorned clay . On 4 December 2015, the majlis was inscribed on UNESCO ’s List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in a joint file involving the participation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , United Arab Emirates , Sultanate of Oman , and Qatar . The inscription is a testament to the value of the majlis as

126-601: The Eastern Province and in Oman , which are linked to Indian traditions, and resembles instead the motifs and patterns found in ancient Mesopotamia . The rosette, the star, the triangle and the stepped pinnacle pattern of dadoes are all ancient patterns and were found all over the Middle East in antiquity. Al-Qassim Region seems to be the home of this art, and there it is normally worked in hard white plaster, although what you see

144-510: The Muslim world . Majlis can refer to a legislature as well and is used in the name of legislative councils or assemblies in some states. Majlis is the Arabic word for a sitting room. Its Semitic root is the verb جَلَس jalas meaning 'to sit', (cf. British English ' sitting room ' and ' seat of government '). It is also romanized as Mejlis or Majles. In pre-Islamic Arabia ,

162-436: The actual castle measure approximately 300 by 400 metres (980 ft × 1,310 ft). The height of the entire structure, including the hill, reaches to 40 meters above the surrounding area. Archaeological studies have identified the existence of a two layered rampart with twelve towers around the present day construction. From the twelve original towers, only two remain and these are situated northwest and southwest of

180-602: The best Nadjdi architecture, in addition to the fine incised plaster wood called jis and painted window shutters that decorate the reception rooms. Good examples of plasterwork can often be seen in the gaping ruins of torn-down buildings- the effect is light, delicate and airy. It is usually around the majlis, around the coffee hearth and along the walls above where guests sat on rugs, against cushions. Doughty wondered if this " parquetting of jis", this " gypsum fretwork... all adorning and unenclosed" originated from India . However, Najdi fretwork seems very different from that seen in

198-560: The elected prime minister , for a further 26 years as a more autocratic monarchy until the dynasty was itself overthrown in 1979 . In 1878, Reza Khan was born at the village of  Alasht in  Savadkuh County , Mazandaran Province. His parents were Abbas Ali Khan and Noushafarin Ayromlou. His mother was a Muslim immigrant from Georgia (then part of the Russian Empire ), whose family had emigrated to mainland Qajar Iran after Iran

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216-926: The existing fortress. Falak ol-Aflak castle is made with different materials like stone and wood that are vulnerable to humidity . That is why the castle was built on the highest point of the city of Khoram-abad, so that the wind could penetrate the building and dry its foundations . The castle is managed by the Iran Cultural Heritage Organisation and a protected site. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Pahlavi dynasty The Pahlavi dynasty ( Persian : دودمان پهلوی )

234-421: The majlis is the meeting room or front parlor used to entertain visitors. In Saudi Arabia , the decoration of the majlis in the home is often the responsibility of the women of the house, who either decorate the area themselves or barter with other women to do it for them. In Asir Province and in the neighboring Saada Governorate of Yemen , geometric designs and bright colors are used in al-Qatt Al-Asiri ,

252-521: The new Shah of Iran on 12 December 1925, pursuant to the Persian Constitution of 1906 . Initially, Pahlavi had planned to declare the country a republic, as his contemporary Atatürk had done in Turkey , but abandoned the idea in the face of British and clerical opposition. The dynasty ruled Iran for 28 years as a form of constitutional monarchy from 1925 until 1953, and following the overthrow of

270-659: The throne. Until his death in 1954, the Shah's only full brother Ali Reza was his heir presumptive . The constitution also required the Shah to be of Iranian descent, meaning that his father and mother are Iranian. ( Became king ) 26 October 1967 ( Designated ) ( Father deposed ) Majlis Majlis ( Arabic : المجلس , pl. مجالس Majālis ) is an Arabic term meaning 'sitting room', used to describe various types of special gatherings among common interest groups of administrative, social or religious nature in countries with linguistic or cultural connections to

288-660: Was forced to cede all of its territories in the Caucasus following the Russo-Persian Wars several decades prior to Reza Shah's birth. His father was a Mazandarani, commissioned in the 7th Savadkuh Regiment, and served in the Anglo-Persian War in 1856. The former constitution of Iran specifically provided that only a male who was not descended from Qajar dynasty could become the heir apparent . This made all half-brothers of Mohammad Reza ineligible to become heirs to

306-589: Was promoted by British General Edmund Ironside to lead the British-run Persian Cossack Brigade . About a month later, under British direction, Reza Khan's 3,000–4,000 strong detachment of the Cossack Brigade reached Tehran in what became known as the 1921 Persian coup d'état . The rest of the country was taken by 1923, and by October 1925 the Majlis agreed to depose and formally exile Ahmad Shah Qajar . The Majlis declared Reza Pahlavi as

324-531: Was the last Iranian royal dynasty that ruled for roughly 53 years between 1925 and 1979. The dynasty was founded by Reza Shah Pahlavi , a non-aristocratic Mazanderani soldier in modern times, who took on the name of the Pahlavi language spoken in the pre-Islamic Sasanian Empire to strengthen his nationalist credentials. The dynasty replaced the Qajar dynasty in 1925 after the 1921 coup d'état , beginning on 14 January 1921 when 42-year-old soldier Reza Khan

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