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34-528: Fairhurst is an English habitational surname, and may refer to a now vanished hamlet near Parbold in Lancashire . The name is derived from Old English fæger (meaning beautiful) with hyrst (wooded hill). English artist working in watercolour and oils also photography and video Parbold Parbold is a village and civil parish in West Lancashire , England. Parbold had a population of 2,582 at

68-671: A qualified pharmacist on-duty at all times when they are open. It is also often a requirement for the owner of a pharmacy to be a registered pharmacist, but that is not the case in all jurisdictions: where permitted, many retailers (including supermarkets and mass merchandisers ) now include a pharmacy as a department of their store. Community pharmacies offer a unique added value by building direct relationships with their customers. They are able to provide more personalized, dedicated care to local members of their community and even offer enhanced services such as Medication Therapy Management (MTM), Medication Synchronization, and compounding. With

102-505: A cinema and community centre, a telephone exchange, a doctor's surgery, a sub post office and a number of other shops including a pharmacy , a newsagent, an estate agent, three hairdressers and both Chinese and Indian takeaways plus a greengrocery . There are two pubs along the main road through the centre of the village – the Windmill and the Stocks Tavern . Along with a branch of

136-462: A community drugstore where another customer might overhear about the drugs that they take. Internet pharmacies (also known as online pharmacies) are also recommended to some patients by their physicians if they are home-bound. While most Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs and require a valid prescription, some Internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs without requiring a prescription. Some customers order drugs from such pharmacies to avoid

170-563: A further promotion in 2006-07 finishing runners-up of Division 2. The 2009-10 season saw Parbold crowned Division 1 Champions and they now play in the Premier League. Although the team still bears the village name, they moved to Ormskirk in 2008 and connections to the village are few. Two semi-professional football clubs are based nearby: Skelmersdale United ( Northern Premier League Division One North ) and Burscough ( Conference North ). Shevington Sharks ARLFC youth teams train and play on

204-523: A pharmacy can assist a patient with prescription reminders and alerts about potential negative drug interactions, thereby reducing medical errors . The International Pharmaceutical Federation has declared their vision of a community-based pharmacist: Community-based pharmacists' responsibilities include: checking and dispensing of prescription drugs , providing advice on drug selection and usage to doctors and other health professionals and counseling patients in health promotion, disease prevention and

238-465: Is also heavily involved in monitoring internet pharmacies and has issued warnings against several companies who have violated the U.S. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that protects individuals against rogue online pharmacies. Canada is home to dozens of licensed Internet pharmacies, many of which sell their lower-cost prescription drugs to U.S. consumers (who must otherwise pay one of the world's highest drug prices). In recent years, many consumers in

272-517: Is dominated by Parbold Hill which rises to 400 feet above sea level, the top of which is approximately 1 mile to the east of the village. The top of the hill overlooks the West Lancashire plain and the North West of England across to Liverpool, Manchester and Wales. Wood Lane, just off the main road, is also known for its views of the surrounding countryside. The earliest known reference to Parbold

306-404: Is generally targeted at international drug suppliers, rather than consumers. There is no known case of any U.S. citizens buying Canadian drugs for personal use with a prescription, who has ever been charged by authorities. According to IQVIA, Vietnam had 55,300 drugstores in 2016, of which 185 belonged to modern drugstore chains. In 2021, the total number of drugstores decreased to 44,600, but

340-517: Is in the late 12th century, where grants of land were made to nearby Burscough Priory (pronounced Bursk-owe ). After the Norman conquest , Parbold was part of the Barony of Manchester . Little development occurred from this time to the mid 18th century. Parbold became a civil parish in 1894. During the 18th and 19th centuries, a number of coal mines worked nearby, rather meagre, seams; hard sandstone

374-570: Is required to own the pharmacy of which she or he is the licensee. Under this arrangement, a pharmacist can be the operator of only a single outlet. In the UK, 60% of all community pharmacies are owned by companies that own multiple pharmacies. In the United States, more than 25% of independent owners have ownership in two or more pharmacies. Most of Australia's and New Zealand's community pharmacies are owner-operated. In Australia, pharmacists recognise

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408-661: Is subject to legislation; with requirements for storage conditions, staff qualifications, equipment, record keeping (especially of controlled drugs ) and other matters, all specified in legislation. It was once the case that pharmacists stayed within the premises compounding/dispensing medications, but there has been an increasing trend towards the use of trained pharmacy technicians , with the pharmacist spending more time communicating with patients. Pharmacy technicians are now more dependent upon automation to assist them in their new role dealing with patients' prescriptions and patient safety issues. Pharmacies are typically required to have

442-479: Is the ease with which people, youth in particular, can obtain controlled substances (e.g., Vicodin , generically known as hydrocodone ) via the Internet without a prescription issued by a doctor/practitioner who has an established doctor-patient relationship. There are instances where a practitioner issues a prescription, brokered by an Internet server, for a controlled substance to a "patient" s/he has never met. In

476-489: Is today. Parbold's war memorial is in the local Anglican church, Christ Church, near the top of Parbold Hill. The village's other church – Our Lady and All Saints – was consecrated by Bishop Robert Cornthwaite on 28 May 1884. Composer Hugh Wood (1932-2021) was born in Parbold. Parbold has two churches, two primary schools and a nursery, a library built in 1989, a purpose-built village hall which doubles as

510-735: The River Douglas , at the bottom of the western side of Parbold Hill. The village centre is about 3 mi (4.8 km) west of junction 27 of the M6 motorway on the A5209. The village can also be reached by rail on the line from Manchester to Southport . Close to the village centre the Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes over the River Douglas. The nearest sizable towns are Skelmersdale (about 5 miles away), Ormskirk (7 miles), and Wigan (9 miles). The village

544-485: The "inconvenience" of visiting a doctor, or to obtain medications which their doctors were unwilling to prescribe. However, this practice has been criticized as potentially dangerous, especially by those who feel that only doctors can reliably assess contraindications, risk/benefit ratios, and an individual's overall suitability for use of medication. There also have been reports of such pharmacies dispensing substandard products. Of particular concern with Internet pharmacies

578-472: The 2011 Census. West Lancashire is divided into 19 parish councils, the first tier of local government. Parbold is bordered by Hilldale to the north, Wrightington to the east, Dalton to the south and Newburgh to the west. From 1894 to 1974 Parbold was part of the Wigan Rural District , along with Dalton , Haigh , Shevington , Worthington and Wrightington . Parbold lies in the valley of

612-475: The Alder Lane Playing Fields. An annual fell race is run over Parbold Hill. Community pharmacy Most drugs are commercially made at factories and dispensed by pharmacies. Drugs that are not commercially made must be compounded from other ingredients. In 1930, 75% of medications were compounded, but by 1970 only 1% were compounded. In most countries, a premises for prescription drugs

646-628: The Miller and Carter Steakhouse at the top of the hill and the Wayfarer: brew pub and dining rooms providing al a carte and Italian style foods. The windmill in the village was built in 1794 but has not milled since about 1850 and is now a gallery for James Bartholomew. Parbold's former local amateur football team, Parbold FC, plays in the South Lancashire Counties League. In 2005-06, they were crowned Division 3 Champions, and promptly gained

680-652: The US (and in other countries with high drug costs), have turned to licensed Internet pharmacies in India, Israel, and the UK, which often have even lower prices than in Canada. In the United States , there has been a push to legalize the importation of medications from Canada and other countries, in order to reduce consumer costs. While in most cases importation of prescription medications violates FDA regulations and federal laws, enforcement

714-454: The United States, in order for a prescription for a controlled substance to be valid, it must be issued for a legitimate medical purpose by a licensed practitioner acting in the course of legitimate doctor-patient relationship. The filling pharmacy has a corresponding responsibility to ensure that the prescription is valid. Often, individual state laws outline what defines a valid patient-doctor relationship. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

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748-733: The aid of pharmacy management systems and different integrated technologies, these smaller pharmacies are able to keep up with their large-scale competition. Community pharmacists’ understanding of ethics, confidentiality , patient autonomy , trustworthiness and reliability are essential in community practice and must influence their decision making should an ethical dilemma arise. In some countries, community pharmacists may be asked to compromise on their values and ethical issues may arise not only because of patient's or physician's request but may also because of their employers' intrusion. Individual factors such as age, gender, work experience, and educational level and organizational factors such as

782-402: The average pharmacy carried out around 19 consultations per day, averaging 5.6 minutes each - about 65 million consultations across 10,800 pharmacies in the year. To help pharmacists be able to take on extended roles, it is common for them to work as part of a team that can include pharmacy technicians, dispensing assistants and counter assistants. In parts of mainland Europe, the pharmacist

816-554: The digital hospital-to-pharmacy referral service, which was to launch in July 2020, as part of the new community pharmacy contract, was postponed to 15 February 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic in England . It will enable hospitals to digitally notify community pharmacies when patients are discharged and may need advice on taking new medicines, and about changes to their prescriptions. In 2022

850-616: The evenings and weekends and they are accessible without appointment. In the English NHS there were 438 million visits nationally to community pharmacies for health related reasons in 2015. More than 1.1 billion prescription items were dispensed in 2022. More than £10 billion is spent on prescribed drugs annually. Under the 2005 NHS Community Pharmacy contract all community pharmacists in England and Wales provide: Widely available Advanced Services: Enhanced Services which are not available unless locally commissioned: The introduction of

884-400: The management of common ailments. In a survey of over 1,000 U.S. adults older than 40 years-old conducted by Propeller Insights, 67% of patients responded that they would prefer that their pharmacist discuss new prescriptions with them, rather than their physician , because they viewed their pharmacist as "better at explaining side effects and has more time to spend with them." Since about

918-613: The need to integrate professional pharmacy services into the health system to meet the changing health care needs of the population. A survey conducted by PrescribeWellness found that almost half of Americans older than 40 years-old value pharmacies that offer preventative care services, and would be willing to transfer their prescriptions to pharmacies that offer those services. Patients also value pharmacies where they can receive medical advice concerning their prescription medications, how those medications may interact with each other, and receive over-the-counter drug recommendations for

952-427: The number of drugstores in modern chains increased to 1,600. According to a report by VNDIRECT Securities Company, Vietnam had about 70,000 drugstores in 2022, including 59,000 traditional retail drugstores (accounting for 84%) and 11,000 chain drugstores (accounting for 16%). The revenue of Vietnam's pharmaceutical retail market reached about 80,000 billion VND. According to a report by MBS Securities Company in 2023,

986-407: The number of pharmacists in a pharmacy and location of pharmacy may affect the ethical perspectives of community pharmacists. The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy recommends that consumers choose a pharmacy at which they can have a consulting relationship with the pharmacist. Anyone using drugs benefits when they have easier access to a pharmacist. Being timely includes both processing

1020-428: The proper use of medicines. In most countries regulations govern how dispensaries may operate, with specific requirements for storage conditions, equipment and record keeping. It is becoming more common for pharmacists to take on extended roles that provide more clinical care directly to patients as part of a primary care team. There are around 11,400 community pharmacies in England. Many are open for extended hours in

1054-487: The request quickly and having drug stock available to fill the prescription. Some consumers need drugs delivered to their home, perhaps by mail, and may select a pharmacy that offers that service. Different pharmacies may charge different prices for the same drugs, so shopping for lower prices may identify a pharmacy offering better value. In addition to fulfilling prescriptions, a pharmacy might offer preventive healthcare services like vaccinations. Up-to-date technology at

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1088-401: The village; it allowed middle class workers to live in Parbold and commute to urban areas throughout the north-west . In recent years a direct hourly service has operated to Manchester Airport railway station giving quick access (less than 1 hour and 15 minutes journey time) to flights from Manchester Airport . The railway station also provided a natural centre for the village which it still

1122-492: The year 2000, a growing number of Internet pharmacies have been established worldwide. Many of these pharmacies are similar to community pharmacies, and in fact, many of them are actually operated by brick-and-mortar community pharmacies that serve consumers online and those that walk in their door. The primary difference is the method by which the medications are requested and received. Some customers consider this to be more convenient and private method rather than traveling to

1156-421: Was also quarried. Both coal and sandstone could be exported over the waterways; boatbuilding was a minor economic activity in Parbold around this time. The old windmill that is located next to the canal replaced an earlier water cornmill which once stood on Alder Lane, and was in use until 1985. Parbold railway station , built in the mid 19th century by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway , radically altered

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