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55-453: Fairford Leys is a housing development in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England , designed in the urban village style, with the street and block layout making it more friendly to pedestrians and cyclists. The three main developers of the development were bound by a design code to ensure architectural cohesion and this is maintained through covenants on the deeds of each property. Fairford Leys

110-527: A community centre (known as the Fairford Leys Centre), which hosts a wide variety of events and activities, including dance classes, badminton, karate, children's parties, wedding receptions, corporate functions and council meetings. The main centre was officially opened in November 2004. St Mary's Church of England School is a mixed, voluntary controlled , primary school, which has about 320 pupils from

165-481: A charitable foundation, which also appoints about a quarter of the school governors . However, the local authority employs the school's staff and has primary responsibility for the school's admission arrangements. Specific exemptions from Section 85 of the Equality Act 2010 enables VC faith schools to use faith criteria in prioritising pupils for admission to the schools. Pupils at voluntary controlled schools follow

220-520: A council to govern itself. The right to establish a council was opposed by the prominent local landowner Thomas Pakington , and it seems likely that this element of the charter was not put into effect at that time. In 1650, following the English Civil War , the town did establish a degree of self-government under the auspices of the 1554 charter. However, in 1664, in the aftermath of the Restoration ,

275-589: A railway bridge at Ledburn , about six miles (9.7 km) from the town. A notable institution is Aylesbury Grammar School which was founded in 1598. The original building is now part of the County Museum buildings in Church Street and has grade II* architecture; other grammar schools now include Sir Henry Floyd Grammar School and Aylesbury High School . Other notable buildings are the King's Head Inn , (which, with

330-648: A religious institution called the Guild of St Mary was founded in Aylesbury by John Kemp , Archbishop of York . Known popularly as the Guild of Our Lady it became a meeting place for local dignitaries and a hotbed of political intrigue. The guild was influential in the outcome of the Wars of the Roses . Its premises at the Chantry in Church Street, Aylesbury, are still there, though today the site

385-483: A sense of place. Fairford Leys was one of the first examples of a development to use a Design Code , a set of design guidelines that regulate the appearance and quality of the buildings and spaces within the development. The code was championed by John Prescott and the Labour government at the time, who wanted to promote urban village development as an alternative to urban sprawl. The design code set out rules during and after

440-480: A symbol of the town of Aylesbury. Aylesbury United F.C. are nicknamed "The Ducks" and include an Aylesbury duck on their club badge, and the town's coat of arms includes an Aylesbury duck and plaited straw, representing the two historic industries of the town. The Aylesbury Brewery Company, now defunct, featured the Aylesbury duck as its logo, an example of which can still be seen at the Britannia pub . Duck Farm Court

495-538: Is a large educational establishment, which has its own premises adjoining Aylesbury High School and rivals the Royal College of Music , having produced members of national orchestras. Voluntary controlled Voluntary controlled schools are a kind of "maintained school", meaning that they are funded by central government via the local authority, and do not charge fees to students. The majority are also faith schools . The land and buildings are typically owned by

550-506: Is a mixed use development consisting of 1,900 homes, on the western edge of Aylesbury , Buckinghamshire , England. It has a village square hosting a number of traditionally-fronted shops, award-winning hair salon, supermarket, three restaurants, a Post Office, a popular, family-run nursery , an ecumenical church and a community centre. It also has a private health club with swimming pool which opened in October 2003. Fairford Leys belongs to

605-540: Is a shopping area of modern Aylesbury located near the historic hamlet of California , close to one of the main breeding grounds for ducks in the town, and there have been two pubs in the town with the name "The Duck" in recent years; one in Bedgrove that has since been demolished and one in Jackson Road that has recently been renamed. The town's population has grown from 28,000 in the 1960s to almost 72,000 in 2011 due in

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660-531: Is enclosed by a "city wall", which consists of three- and four-storey townhouses that form a continuous facade along the streets. The main entrance to the centre is marked by two towers that resemble medieval gate towers . This design feature was inspired by medieval city walls such as those in York, and was suggested by John Simpson , the master planner for Fairford Leys. Developments in Fairford Leys are controlled by

715-552: Is immediately southeast of the upper River Thame that flows past Thame to Dorchester on Thames and is partly sited on the two northernmost outcrops of Portland stone in England bisected by a small stream, Bear Brook which gives a relatively prominent position in relation to the terrain of all near, lower, fields and suburbs, which have largely slowly permeable Oxford Clay and Kimmeridge Clay soils . Elevations range from 72.5m above mean sea level to 95m AOD in contiguous parts of

770-539: Is named after the king. Louis's wife, Marie Josephine of Savoy died at Hartwell in 1810 and is the only French queen to have died on English soil. After her death, her body was carried first to Westminster Abbey, and one year later to Sardinia , where the Savoy King of Sardinia had withdrawn during Napoleonic occupation of Turin and Piedmont; she is buried in the Cathedral of Cagliari . Aylesbury's heraldic crest displays

825-466: Is of Old English origin. It is first recorded in the form Æglesburg in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , a text which took its present form in the later ninth century. The word Ægles is a personal name in the genitive case , meaning "Ægel's" and burg means "fortification". Thus the name once meant "Fort of Ægel" — though who Ægel was is not recorded. Nineteenth-century speculation that that

880-581: Is provided by BBC South and ITV Meridian . Television signals are received from the Oxford transmitting station . Aylesbury Waterside Theatre , a new £42 million theatre, with 1,200-seat auditorium, opened in October 2010. In addition to this, the surrounding area has been redeveloped a £100 million project known as the 'Waterside project'. When this is completed, there will be 260,000 sq ft (24,000 m ) of new retail floor space and 1,100 new jobs created, although when this will be completed now

935-519: Is the county town of Buckinghamshire , South East England . It is home to the Roald Dahl Children's Gallery and the Waterside Theatre . It is located in central Buckinghamshire, midway between High Wycombe and Milton Keynes . Aylesbury was awarded Garden Town status in 2017. The housing target for the town is set to grow with 16,000 homes set to be built by 2033. The town name

990-610: Is unclear. A Waitrose supermarket opened opposite the theatre in August 2013, along with a Travelodge Hotel. Branches of Wagamama and Nando's restaurants opened on 'The Exchange' in February 2014, next to the Odeon cinema on Exchange Street. This included luxury and high-end studio apartments, new restaurants including Zizzi, The Grill Steakhouse and Rococo Lounge, as well as a new public square including metal statues that represent Aylesbury as

1045-448: Is used mainly for retail. Aylesbury was declared the new county town of Buckinghamshire in 1529 by King Henry VIII : Aylesbury Manor was among the many properties belonging to Thomas Boleyn , the father of Anne Boleyn , and it is rumoured that the change was made by the King to curry favour with the family. The plague decimated the population in 1603/4. The town played a large part in

1100-639: The Aylesbury duck , which has been bred here since the birth of the Industrial Revolution , although only one breeder of true Aylesbury ducks, Richard Waller, remains today. The town also received international publicity in 1963 when the culprits responsible for the Great Train Robbery (1963) were tried at Aylesbury Rural District Council Offices in Walton Street and sentenced at Aylesbury Crown Court . The robbery took place at Bridego Bridge,

1155-597: The English Civil War when it became a stronghold for the Parliamentarian forces, like many market towns a nursing-ground of Puritan sentiment and in 1642 the Battle of Aylesbury was fought and won by the Parliamentarians. Its proximity to Great Hampden , home of John Hampden has made of Hampden a local hero: his silhouette was used on the emblem of Aylesbury Vale District Council and his statue stands prominently in

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1210-628: The Fleece Inn at Bretforton , is one of the few public houses in the country owned by the National Trust and still run as a public house) and the Queens Park Centre . James Henry Govier , the British painter and etcher , lived at Aylesbury and produced a number of works relating to the town including the church, canal, Walton, Aylesbury Gaol , the King's Head Inn and views of the town during

1265-678: The National Curriculum . Prior to the Education Act 1944 , voluntary schools were those associated with a foundation, usually a religious group. That act imposed higher standards on school facilities, and offered voluntary schools a choice in funding the costs this would incur. The Roman Catholic Church chose to retain control of its schools, while more than half of Church of England schools became voluntary controlled. By 2008, in England, approximately 15% of primary schools were voluntary controlled, almost all of them associated with

1320-555: The Norman conquest . Some lands here were granted by William the Conqueror to citizens upon the tenure that the owners should provide straw for the monarch's bed, sweet herbs for his chamber and two green geese and three eels for his table, whenever he should visit Aylesbury. The town includes an Early English parish church, St. Mary the Virgin's (which has many later additions). In 1450,

1375-415: The constituents of Aylesbury town itself. Surrounding villages and some recent developments on the outskirts of Aylesbury like Fairford Leys & Watermead have their own parish council . In 2010 the district council decided that the new developments of Berryfields and Weedon Hill , both to the north of Aylesbury, should also join to form a new parish as of May 2011. The town council also elects

1430-403: The 16-page guidelines, which are a summary of some of the important aspects of the original Design Code. They govern the look and materials used in several aspects of construction, including roof materials, chimneys, window materials, front boundary fences and planting, and front door colours. The centre contains a higher density of council housing, with larger detached properties at the edge of

1485-690: The 1940s and 1950s, examples of which can be seen in the Buckinghamshire County Museum in Aylesbury. The town is the birthplace of the Paralympic Games. During the 1948 Olympics in London, German-British neurologist Sir Ludwig Guttmann , set up a small sporting event for World War II veterans known as the World Wheelchair and Amputee Games (WWAG) at Stoke Mandeville Hospital Rehabilitation Facility in Aylesbury. This eventually led to

1540-598: The Church of England. Only 3% of secondary schools were voluntary controlled, of which about half were Church of England schools. In 2012, the Fair Admissions Campaign began to encourage local authorities to stop using faith criteria in admissions policies for VC schools. This article relating to education in the UK is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about an organisation in England

1595-557: The Coldharbour civil parish in the Aylesbury Vale district. The northern part is home to a modern industrial area. Fairford Leys is a mixed use development that follows the principles of an urban village , a town planning concept that originated in the UK in the late 1990s and was influenced by new urbanism and garden city ideals. The concept aims to create walkable/cyclable and liveable communities that foster social interaction and

1650-600: The English White. Since at least the 1690s ducks had been farmed in Aylesbury, and made Aylesbury known throughout England and beyond. They were bred and brought up by poor people, and sent to London by the weekly carriers. They went on to be known as the Aylesbury duck . The duck business in Aylesbury went into decline in the 19th century. By the time Beatrix Potter 's 1908 The Tale of Jemima Puddle-Duck —about an Aylesbury duck although set in Cumbria —caused renewed interest in

1705-771: The Roberts Bridge after a local councillor) opened in March 2009 connecting Southcourt to Aylesbury town centre. The focus of the footbridge is a central concrete pillar with four suspension cables supporting the structure. This bridge forms a central part of the Aylesbury Hub project. Bourg Walk was nominated and won the Engineering Excellence Award 2009 awarded by the Institution of Civil Engineers – South East England branch. There are two tiers of local government covering

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1760-815: The ages of four to 11. It was purpose-built for Fairford Leys but the education authority at the time, Buckinghamshire County Council , underestimated the number of children that would live within the catchment area. Consequently, there are often a number of children living within Fairford Leys who cannot get a place. Fairford Leys is served by a popular bus service, the Silver Rider. It commenced in 2004 and runs directly to Aylesbury town centre in around 15 minutes, designed to run at times to suit commuter travel from Aylesbury Station to London . Aylesbury 51°49′00″N 0°48′45″W  /  51.8168°N 0.8124°W  / 51.8168; -0.8124 Aylesbury ( / ˈ eɪ l z b ər i / AYLZ -bər-ee )

1815-445: The breed, the Aylesbury duck was in steep decline. The duckers of Buckinghamshire had generally failed to introduce technological improvements such as the incubator , and inbreeding had dangerously weakened the breed. Meanwhile, the cost of duck food had risen fourfold over the 19th century, and from 1873 onwards competition from Pekin and Pekin cross ducks was undercutting Aylesbury ducks at the marketplace. The First World War devastated

1870-534: The construction phase, to ensure the individual developers all built to the same design details and created cohesion to the appearance of the development as a whole. The Ernest Cook Trust , a charitable organisation that owned the land where Fairford Leys was built, was the driving force behind this project and wanted to create a model for sustainable development. The architecture reflects traditional Aylesbury housing styles and incorporates Victorian elements such as lamp posts and railings. The centre of Fairford Leys

1925-483: The county. Aylesbury is home to one college of general further education ( Aylesbury College on Oxford Road), three grammar schools , two community upper schools , an academy , a university technical college and a host of primary schools . The secondary schools are: There are also the following special schools : The Aylesbury Vale Secondary Support Centre is a Pupil referral unit (PRU), which caters for permanently excluded pupils. Aylesbury Music Centre

1980-566: The end of the 1950s the last significant farms had closed, other than a single flock in Chesham owned by Mr L. T. Waller, and by 1966 there were no duck breeders remaining in Aylesbury. As of 2021 the Waller family's farm in Chesham remains in business, the last surviving flock of pure Aylesbury meat ducks in the country. Although, there are still many hobbyists who keep the breed. The Aylesbury duck remains

2035-416: The estate. The design also included play areas, open spaces, playing fields and a golf course . The golf course has since been closed and fenced off due to the construction of HS2 through the area. Fairford Leys has its own parish council (Coldharbour Parish), a beauty salon, primary school , GPs' practice and neighbouring pharmacy , veterinary practice, Women's Institute , ecumenical church , and

2090-519: The growth of the phenomenon of the modern Paralympic Games that has been held immediately after every Summer Olympic Games since 1988, and the WWAG was held most years at Stoke Mandeville until 1997, when it has been held in other countries and cities ever since. During the 2012 Paralympics , the official mascot was called 'Mandeville' after Stoke Mandeville Hospital. The Rothschild Family acquired many large country estates and stately homes around and near

2145-685: The home of the Paralympics, as well as poetry covering the ground. Prior to this a Wagamama restaurant and a Nando's restaurant have also opened on the site of the new square at the Exchange, known officially as 'Festival Square'. Also, a new campus of the [Bucks New University] opened on the Waterside site next to the Waterside Theatre. The Bourg Walk Bridge (also called the Southcourt Bridge or

2200-417: The main to new housing developments, including many London overspill housing estates, built to ease pressure on the capital. Indeed, Aylesbury, to a greater extent than many English market towns, saw substantial areas of its own heart demolished in the 1950s/1960s as 16th–18th century houses (many in good repair) were demolished to make way for new, particularly retail, development. Aylesbury's population in

2255-494: The modern Aylesbury include: Distinct whole areas that have a notably high property price in the town are Bedgrove , the conservation area around St. Mary's Church and Queens Park , particularly facing onto the canal. Aylesbury has also been extended to completely surround the hamlets and former farms at: Anticipated developments are expected to raise the urban population of Aylesbury from its current approximation of 75,000 to over 100,000 between 2018 and 2023. Aylesbury

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2310-466: The more prominent buildings in Aylesbury is the "Blue Leanie" office block, home to Lloyds Bank . When first built it was thought to be a potential hazard to passing motorists, due to the sun reflecting off its large mirrored surface. As a result, a line of mature trees was planted alongside the main road to prevent dazzling. BBC local radio station that broadcast to the town is BBC Three Counties Radio on 94.7 FM. Local news and television programmes

2365-509: The name contained the Welsh word eglwys meaning "a church" (from Latin ecclesia ) has been discredited. Excavations in the town centre in 1985 found an Iron Age hill fort dating from the early 4th century BCE. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle portrays Aylesbury as being captured from the Britons by one Cuthwulf following the Battle of Bedcanford ; the historicity of this event is doubtful, but

2420-793: The northern half of Buckinghamshire, succeeded continuously by younger rocks to the south of the Chilterns. The town centre is home to many pubs and bars. The Queens Park Centre , which is the UK's largest independent arts centre is also based in the town centre. The local newspaper is the Bucks Herald , which started publishing in January 1832. Local radio stations was named Mix 96 , which first broadcast in April 1994, and eventually ceased operations in September 2020, being replaced by Greatest Hits Radio . One of

2475-417: The portrayal at least indicates that in the early Middle Ages the settlement was thought to be of some strategic importance. During the early medieval period, Aylesbury became a major market town , the burial place of Saint Osgyth , whose shrine attracted pilgrims . Aylesbury was a royal manor with eight attached hundreds in 1086, and some historians have supposed that it was already a royal manor before

2530-551: The remaining duckers of Buckinghamshire. By the end of the war small-scale duck rearing in the Aylesbury Vale had vanished, with duck raising dominated by a few large duck farms. Shortages of duck food in the Second World War caused further disruption to the industry, and almost all duck farming in the Aylesbury Vale ended. A 1950 "Aylesbury Duckling Day" campaign to boost the reputation of the Aylesbury duck had little effect; by

2585-638: The ten-year period since 2001 has grown by two thousand primarily related to the development of new housing estates which will eventually cater for eight thousand people on the north side, between the A41 ( Akeman Street ) and the A413 and the expansion of Fairford Leys estate. According to the 2011 Census, the religious groupings in Aylesbury were: Christianity (55.7%), no religion (26.9%), Islam (8.3%), Hinduism (1.4%), other (0.4%). 6.7% of respondents did not state their religion. Housing estates in or neighbourhoods of

2640-526: The town centre. Aylesbury-born composer, Rutland Boughton (1878–1960), possibly inspired by the statue of John Hampden, created a symphony based on Oliver Cromwell . On 18 March 1664, Robert Bruce, 2nd Earl of Elgin in the Peerage of Scotland was created 1st Earl of Ailesbury . The grade II* listed Jacobean mansion of Hartwell adjoining the southwest of the town was the residence of Louis XVIII during his exile (1810–1814). Bourbon Street in Aylesbury

2695-457: The town mayor from the serving town councillors every year. The process culminates in a formal "Mayor Making" ceremony where the new mayor takes over from the preceding mayor. The role of mayor is mainly a ceremonial role representing the town at various events and acting as an ambassador for the town. Aylesbury was made a borough by a charter from Mary I in 1554, which gave the town the right to elect two members of parliament and to establish

2750-492: The town's short-lived council was abolished and the rights it had held reverted to the Pakington family which had exercised them prior to the civil war. Thereafter the town was governed by its vestry in the same way as most rural areas, although it remained a parliamentary constituency . In 1849 a local board of health was established to govern the town. This board was replaced by Aylesbury Urban District Council in 1894, which

2805-438: The town, at parish and unitary authority level: Aylesbury Town Council, based at Aylesbury Town Hall at 5 Church Street, and Buckinghamshire Council , which is also based in Aylesbury, having its headquarters at The Gateway on Gatehouse Road. Aylesbury Town Council is the parish council for the town. As at May 2021 it comprises 25 councillors , 20 of whom are Liberal Democrats and 5 Conservative . The council represents only

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2860-455: The town, however nearest villages range from 85m-90m to the north or from 85m to 115m on a narrow ridge to the southwest at Stone and towards the Chilterns to the southeast (Weston Turville, Stoke Mandeville and North Lee). The town centre's higher terrain is accurately described by Samuel Lewis in 1848 as a "gentle eminence". The county's oldest rocks of Jurassic age cover the whole of

2915-529: The town, including Waddesdon Manor in nearby Waddesdon Village, Halton House near Wendover and Tring Park in Tring across the border in Hertfordshire , although today most of these properties belong to the National Trust . They have brought in increased tourism to the town and the surrounding areas. In the 18th century selective breeding of white common ducks led to a white domestic duck, generally known as

2970-565: Was re-established in 2001, with its parish council taking the name Aylesbury Town Council. From 2001 to 2020 there were therefore three tiers of local government covering the town, at parish, district, and county level. Aylesbury Vale District Council was abolished in 2020, merging with Buckinghamshire County Council and other district councils to become a unitary authority called Buckinghamshire Council . Since 1 April 2020, when Buckinghamshire Council came into being, it has been responsible for almost all statutory local government functions across

3025-455: Was subsequently given municipal borough status on 1 January 1917, becoming Aylesbury Borough Council. The borough council was awarded a coat of arms in 1964. In 1974 Aylesbury Borough Council merged with several neighbouring districts to become Aylesbury Vale . No successor parish was initially created for Aylesbury, and it became an unparished area , directly administered by Aylesbury Vale District Council . The civil parish of Aylesbury

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