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44-412: Between 1956 and 1968 Fairey Marine produced some 291 Atalanta class sailing yachts, designed by Uffa Fox : The Atalanta was conceived in 1955 by Alan Vines, a senior executive at Fairey, with the expertise of Uffa Fox who was their Design Consultant. It was envisaged as a trailable shallow draft performance cruiser with the sea keeping capabilities and safety of a fin keel yacht. Over the succeeding decades

88-522: A decision had been made to re-equip RAF Bomber Command exclusively with a new generation of four-engine bombers. Just as the earlier, and now obsolescent Wellington was being relegated to secondary roles, the Warwick was used for general reconnaissance (long range anti-submarine patrols), air-sea rescue, operational crew training and as a transport, where its obsolescence wasn't as much of a problem. By January 1943, 57 Warwick Mk.Is had been completed, when it

132-536: A development of the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley ) and Handley Page (the HP.55). These alternative designs were cancelled before being built, as Handley Page and Armstrong Whitworth switched to work on newer specifications released for medium (P.13/36) and heavy (B.12/36) bombers. As Specification B.1/35 was to be a heavier complement to Specification B.9/32, it was initially thought that there would be no need for

176-574: A fire which began in the starboard engine. Only 16 aircraft were delivered as bombers, as by this time more capable four-engined heavy bombers such as the Short Stirling and Handley Page Halifax were in service. Those Warwicks that were delivered in the bomber configuration saw little use as such, instead being used to investigate various kinds of equipment and technical matters, including navigational equipment, engine performance, role suitability, and air-dropped lifeboats . It soon became clear that

220-457: A freight floor, long-range fuel tanks and exhaust stack flame dampers for night flights. The Warwick used Barnes Wallis ' geodetic airframe construction pioneered in the Wellesley . In this system, a network of intersecting structural members made from duralumin were covered by wired-on fabric. The load was distributed across the structure, providing great redundancy in the event of damage, at

264-493: A growing official expectation that the design would be surpassed by later aircraft. On 13 August 1939, the first prototype (serial K8178 ), powered by Vulture engines, made its first flight from Brooklands , with test pilot Joseph "Mutt" Summers at the controls but the test flight only lasted for a few minutes due to a failed carburettor linkage. The smaller Wellington had flown three years earlier and had already been in production for 18 months by then. When fully equipped,

308-461: A heavier bomb load than the earlier B.3/34. Among the requirements of Specification B.1/35 was a speed of no less than 195 mph (314 km/h) while flying at 15,000 ft (4,600 m), a range of 1,500 mi (2,400 km) while carrying 2,000 lb (910 kg) of bombs, and the engines were to be furnished with variable-pitch propellers . It was designed in parallel with the smaller Wellington , both aircraft having been derived from

352-865: A large collection of photographs by and about Fox. He established boat design and building businesses in the south of England. He designed many of the significant classes of boats around today, including the planing International 14 , the Foxhound, the Foxcub and Super Foxcub, the Flying Fifteen , the Flying Ten, the National 12 , the National 18, the Albacore , the Swordfish, the Firefly ,

396-521: A mock-up. On 14 March 1936, in light of major design changes being submitted, production of a complete mock-up was authorised. Around the same time, it was decided to allocate the Vickers 284 type number to the project, while the redesigned B.9/32 (which would become the Wellington) became the Vickers 285. As a consequence of the relaxation of the restrictions imposed by the 1932 Geneva Disarmament Conference ,

440-576: A re-designed elevator , to improve handling. There was a definite improvement in performance and it was claimed that the second prototype was faster than a Hawker Hurricane , at certain altitudes. While the Centaurus-powered prototype was more promising, development was at an early stage. In October 1939, it was proposed that it be redesigned as a four-engined aircraft, with either Rolls-Royce Merlin XX or Bristol Hercules HE7SM engines but after some study,

484-612: A triangular extension ahead of the fin. The Double Wasps fitted to early models were unreliable while later versions fitted with the Centaurus engine had better performance but the handling problems were never completely solved. Warwick BV243 was converted into a transport for trials. An additional 13 Mk.Is were converted on the production line as C Mk.I transports for BOAC. BOAC's Warwicks were used briefly on its Middle East services before being transferred back to RAF Transport Command in 1944. One hundred similar aircraft were built for

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528-567: The English Channel and the North Sea . Only 235 of the production order for 525 Warwick Mk.V were completed, most of which went directly into storage in 1944. In early 1945, some examples of this stored variant was issued to 179 Squadron, stationed at RAF St Eval . Four Warwick GR Mk.Vs crashed on test flights from Brooklands during the first half of 1945. The first of these was PN773 which suffered an engine failure on take-off on 2 January and

572-708: The Javelin , the Pegasus Dinghy , the Jollyboat and the Day Sailer . Many of his designs exploited the wartime developments of moulded plywood , extruded aluminium, Tufnol etc. In addition to dinghies, he designed several keelboats all loosely based on the same concept as the Flying Fifteen, with separate fin keel and rudder. They were very lightweight compared with other boats of the era. Huff of Arklow for Douglas Heard

616-613: The Vickers 456 Warwick C.Mk.I was made for British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), a civil operator. Operational requirements were for the carriage of mail, freight and passengers between Bathurst in South Africa and Cairo in Egypt, complementing BOAC's flying boat operations between England and Bathurst. The order was met by converting existing B.Mk.Is, by removing military equipment, fairing over gun turret openings, adding cabin windows,

660-436: The 1,700 lb (770 kg) Mk.IA airborne lifeboat and used for air-sea rescue. The lifeboat, designed by yachtsman Uffa Fox , laden with supplies and powered by two 4 hp (3.0 kW) motors, was aimed with a bomb-sight to be dropped under parachute near ditched air crew from an altitude of about 700 ft (210 m). Warwicks were credited with rescuing crews from a wide variety of contemporary aircraft both in

704-774: The Atalanta, another 26 ft (8.1m) hull with a slightly shorter cockpit and more headroom called the Titania (named after another Fairey flying boat), a larger version -the Atalanta 31 (9.45m)- and the Fulmar a 20 ft(6.1m) version with a single lifting keel. Small Dinghies were built using similar techniques as tenders for the larger boats. Production Yachts from Fairey Marine Dimensions for Atalanta 31 LOA: 31´ (9.45m) Max beam: 8´3" (2.51m) Freeboard fwd: 4' (1.22m) Freeboard aft: 2'3" (0.7m) Draft keels up: 2' (0.61m) Draft keels down: 7' (2.13m) Total weight of keels: 2,120lbs (962 kg) for

748-632: The Duke's 'Royal' Dragon " Bluebottle ". He also took the Royal children sailing at Cowes . Philip said of Fox in a foreword to his biography, “His life was one long campaign for the freedom of the human spirit and against the foolish, the stupid and the self-important, the whole conducted with a cheerful breeziness that disarmed all but the hardest of cases.” About 1943 he designed a 27-foot (8.2 m) lifeboat to be dropped from Vickers Warwick aircraft when rescuing downed aircrew or mariners; its deficiencies led to

792-548: The Pacific Ocean in 1971 through 1972. Vickers Warwick This is an accepted version of this page The Vickers Warwick was a British twin-engined bomber aircraft developed and operated during the Second World War that was primarily used in other roles. In line with the naming convention followed by other RAF heavy bombers of the era, it was named after a British city or town, in this case Warwick . The Warwick

836-779: The RAF as Warwick C Mk.IIIs, and entered service with 525 Squadron in June 1944, with three more squadrons operating the Warwick III. They were mainly used in the Mediterranean theatre, as the vulnerability of the fabric skinning to high temperature and humidity stopped plans to operate the Warwick in the Far East, and remained in use until retired in 1946. The remainder of the first batch of 250 Warwicks were used by RAF Coastal Command for anti-submarine reconnaissance. From 1943, Warwicks were fitted with

880-828: The Track of Typhoon (1922). Fox joined the crew in England for her transatlantic return via France , Spain , and the Azores into New York City . He was a founding participant in the 1950s annual sea-side cricket match on Bramble Bank in the central Solent . Fox died in October 1972. Fox was responsible for innovations in dinghy sailing that enhanced the popularity of the sport. His designs introduced planing hulls and trapezing to dinghy racing. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Fox became friends in 1949 and raced together frequently at Cowes Week aboard Fox's Dragon " Fresh Breeze " or

924-617: The Vickers Type 271 design, developed for Specification B.9/32. By the end of July 1935, the Air Ministry was considering eight designs. These included Vicker's proposal, the Type 284, powered by a pair of Bristol Hercules engines, which exceeded the specifications. Vickers received an order for a prototype on 7 October 1935, while the Air Ministry also ordered prototypes from Armstrong Whitworth (the AW.39,

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968-561: The Warwick, with its spacious fuselage and long range, would be well suited to utility roles. In January 1943, the Air Staff decided that the Warwick would serve as the predominant aircraft for transport and air-sea rescue. Early testing showed the Warwick to be under-powered and with severe handling problems, especially when flown on one engine. Stability and control trials commenced with the third production Warwick, which yielded acceptable handling during single engine operations when fitted with

1012-410: The calculated all-up weight of the first prototype was 42,182 lb (19,133 kg), almost double the weight given by Vickers in their initial tender for the design. Flight tests with the prototype revealed it to be slow, underpowered and unable to maintain altitude on one engine. The second prototype flew on 5 April 1940 with Centaurus engines and incorporated improvements to its design, such as

1056-684: The city when they turned around to return another five days later. After being met by the coast guard as presumed castaways, Fox was relieved of his role in the sea scouts. He was the subject of This Is Your Life in January 1963 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the Colston Hall in Bristol. He was also among the crew of the Typhoon, an account of which was written and published by William Washburn Nutting in In

1100-424: The company was already developing their Type 271 to meet Specification B.9/32, Vickers received a draft requirement for a larger bomber. The draft specification developed into Air Ministry Specification B.1/35, which sought a twin-engined heavy strategic bomber . It was intended to make use of more powerful engines, of 1,000 hp (750 kW), that were being developed, to enable the bomber to be faster and carry

1144-465: The distinctive centre cockpit design with its rolled decks and generous accommodation has more than fulfilled expectations, offering a respectable turn of speed in light airs while her retractable cast iron keels give outstanding heavy weather performance in a seaway. Robust enough to carry its full sail in winds up to force five, the Atalanta retains many of the handling characteristics of a classic dinghy. Fairey Marine went on to produce three variants of

1188-466: The expense of complexity of construction. The first production Warwick B Mk.I was delivered to the RAF for testing at the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment , Boscombe Down on 3 July 1942. This first aircraft was lost when fabric panels on the wings came loose on 28 January 1942. The second production Warwick took its place in flying trials but on 18 February 1943, it too was destroyed, by

1232-582: The idea was discarded as it reduced range and payload. Another proposal used the American Pratt & Whitney Double Wasp radial engine. Performance projections showed similar performance to the Hercules III-powered Wellington but with a significantly greater payload and the engines were also available due to the cancellation of contracts previously placed by the French. The second prototype

1276-539: The more sturdy American A-1 lifeboat . An example of this craft and of others built and/or designed by Fox are in the collections of the Classic Boat Museum at East Cowes , Isle of Wight. These boats could be released from under the aeroplane retarded by six 32-foot (9.8 m) diameter parachutes . Although initially adapted for the Warwick, the lifeboat was subsequently also carried by Air-Sea Rescue Lancasters and B-17 Flying Fortresses . The museum also holds

1320-508: The pair of prototypes was cancelled because of difficulties with the Vulture engine but this was reversed the following January. In late June 1939, following the completion of a high-level review and an update of programme data, work resumed. While Vickers chose to continue with the project, official doubts, over slow progress caused by work on the Wellington and the lack of suitable engines, led to

1364-455: The proposed aircraft was officially named in accordance with the Air Ministry's practice of naming bombers after British towns and cities and with Vickers using 'W' as the initial letter to indicate the designs of Barnes Wallis. The large initial production contract came despite the need to resolve troubles with the Centaurus engine. The Double Wasp engine, with a three-bladed 15 ft (4.6 m) diameter Hamilton Standard propeller, became

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1408-465: The rival Avro Manchester , was subsequently determined to be unlikely to be available in sufficient numbers for the Warwick, as well as being unreliable, and on 2 July 1937, an order for a second prototype was placed the Air Ministry as insurance against the failure of the Vulture. The second prototype ( L9704 ) was designed for the Napier Sabre engine but development was slow, and production capacity

1452-501: The two Designed load displacement: 8,000lbs (3,628 kg) Sails: Main: 192ft2, Genoa: 275ft2 Height of sail plan over sheerline: 37' (11.28m) Uffa Fox Uffa Fox CBE (15 January 1898 – 26 October 1972) was an English boat designer and sailing enthusiast, responsible for a number of innovations in boat design. Not afraid of courting controversy or causing offense, he is remembered for his eccentric behaviour and pithy quotes, as much as for his original boat designs. Fox

1496-527: The usual powerplant. Due to the time it took for the Double Wasps to reach Vickers in Britain from Pratt & Whitney in the U.S., delays were unavoidable. During 1941, the second prototype flight tested a modified tail to improved handling. The prototype was fitted with production engines and propellers however this revealed problems with engine ignition, which was resolved with a revised booster coil. The Warwick

1540-527: The weight of the Vickers 284 and 285 expanded gradually, until the 285 approached the original specified weight for Specification B.1/35. During 1936, Specification B.1/34 was modified to require the aircraft to carry more fuel and a heavier bombload. During January 1937, the Rolls-Royce Vulture liquid-cooled X engine was named as the alternative powerplant of the Vickers 284 and it was adopted in late 1938. The Vulture, which had also been intended for

1584-629: Was 30'-0" on the waterline and Flying Fox for Fred Brownlee was 35'-0" waterline length. Uffa Fox designed the Britannia rowing boat, used by John Fairfax for the first solo-rowing expedition across the Atlantic Ocean in 1969. The Britannia was described as "the Rolls-Royce of rowing boats, made of mahogany ." It was self-righting, self-bailing and partly covered. He also designed Britannia II , used by Fairfax and Sylvia Cook to row across

1628-819: Was also operated by the Polish Air Forces in exile in Great Britain and the South African Air Force . A civil operator, the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), also operated a handful of transport Warwicks. In October 1932, the British industrial conglomerate Vickers-Armstrongs tendered for the Air Ministry Specification B.9/32 , which called for the development of a twin-engined medium bomber. During late 1934, when

1672-679: Was born on the Isle of Wight and was raised in East Cowes . He lived for a while in Puckaster on the Isle of Wight. In July 1921, Fox and a crew of nine sea scouts departed for the western Solent in a 27-foot (8.2 m) open whaler under the parental expectation that they were on a camping/sailing trip. He decided to extend the itinerary up the Seine towards Paris. In seven days, they traveled within 70 kilometers of

1716-565: Was converted to use the R-2800-S14A4-G engines and was flown in July 1941. The Double Wasp installation was inferior to the Centaurus but was ordered regardless. On 3 January 1941, an initial production order was placed for 250 Warwicks, consisting of 150 Double Wasp-powered Mk.I aircraft and 100 Centaurus-powered Mk.IIs, with deliveries to commence in November that year. It was at this point that

1760-481: Was decided that they would be used primarily as transports and air-sea rescue aircraft. During mid-1943, a Warwick Mk.I was converted to become the Warwick Mk.II prototype with the principal difference being the installation of Centaurus IV engines. 219 Warwick Mk.I aircraft were completed, with the last 95 of these fitted with 2,000 hp (1,500 kW) R-2800-47 engines. In 1942, an order for 14 Warwick transports,

1804-496: Was on 13 August 1939 but delays to its intended powerplant and by the time adequate engines were available, it was obsolete. The Warwick entered production during 1942 and squadron service with the Royal Air Force (RAF). Barely a dozen aircraft were built as bombers. The type was used by RAF Transport Command as a transport, and by RAF Coastal Command as an air-sea rescue and maritime reconnaissance aircraft. The Warwick

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1848-525: Was subject to considerable study to keep it relevant to the rapidly changing circumstances of the conflict, and it was out of this process that a work towards standardised production was made. Due to persistent engine shortages and a change in policy, only 16 of the planned 150 Warwick bombers were completed. Even as the first bomber was nearing completion at Weybridge , the type was failing to meet Air Staff requirements for bomber aircraft. Bombers were being expected to carry much greater bombloads further, and

1892-538: Was the largest British twin-engined aircraft to see use during the Second World War. The Warwick was designed and manufactured by Vickers-Armstrongs during the late 1930s. It was intended to serve as a larger counterpart to the Vickers Wellington bomber. The two aircraft share similar construction and design principles but development of the Warwick was delayed by a lack of suitable engines. Its first flight

1936-523: Was urgently required for the Hawker Typhoon fighter. L9704 was instead fitted with the Bristol Centaurus radial engine . Other aspects of the design proved troublesome, such as the gun turrets and official doubts over the geodetic airframe structure, the latter having been used on several previous designs by British aircraft designer Barnes Wallis . In February 1939, development beyond

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