Misplaced Pages

#972027

30-551: The Jardim Botânico do Faial began operating in 1986, and since that time has had more than 100,000 visitors. In 1995 the Botanical Garden expanded its collection by including an area of Pedro Miguel , in the foothills of Lomba Grande. As part of its mission to promote investigation and education on the flora of the Azores and Macaronesia , it acquired 60,000 m area in an area of 400 metres above sea level to replant and rehabilitate

60-455: A bag, that attract insects who fall into its flower. Forced to escape only through a narrow passage these insects are coated by pollen when they exit. The pollen is then transported to other plants which are pollenized. Pedro Miguel Pedro Miguel is a freguesia ("civil parish") in the northeastern part of the municipality of Horta on the island of Faial in the Azores . Pedro Miguel

90-490: A couple of old farmhouses and land on the edge of an orange orchard of Quinta de São Lourenço , in the civil parish of Flamengos . It occupies an area of approximately 8000 m, situated along the road that connects the southern part of Flamengos with Conceição . The function of the Botanical Gardens of Faial, apart from providing a natural landscape, is to preserve and maintain the collection of endemic plants common to

120-679: A film on the Faial Nature Park and the presentation of a new website, Sentir e Interpretar os Açores , produced by the Regional Directorate for the Environment and Oceans ( Portuguese : Secretário Regional do Ambiente e do Mar ). As part of the commemorative programs to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Garden, the 9th Symposium of the Association of Ibero-Macaronésica Botanical Gardens

150-470: A neighbourhood or city district, a group of hamlets, a village, a town or an entire city. In cases where the seat is itself divided into more than one parish, each one takes the name of a landmark within its area or of the patron saint from the usually coterminous Catholic parish ( paróquia in Portuguese). Be it a city district or village, the civil parish is often based on an ecclesiastical parish. Since

180-449: A parish in 1666. In order to protect itself from surprise attacks by pirates that roamed the Canal, a small fort Forte Baixo was constructed in the 17th century. In 1871, both a boys' and a girls' school operated from Pedro Miguel, since the community was part of a greater district that included Ribeirinha and Praia do Almoxarife . A justice of the peace operated from this district, where

210-426: A plan to reform the administrative divisions, claiming it would create efficiencies and save money. The plan envisioned the reform of the management, territorial geography and political form of how Portugal functioned at the local level, including specifically at the freguesia and concelho levels. It was determined that these changes would then be formalized before the 2013 local government elections, as part of

240-409: A process to reduce expenditures, a condition of the $ 110 billion accord. In addition to the reduction of the number of representatives in the local boards, the plan also established criteria for the reduction, amalgamation or extinction of various civil parishes. The reform was implemented according to Law 11-A/2013 of 28 January 2013, which defined the reorganization of the civil parishes. This way,

270-423: Is Algueirão - Mem Martins, with a population of 68,649 people and the least populous is Mosteiro, with a population of just nineteen people. A freguesia is a subdivision of a município (municipality), which is a cluster of freguesias , like a US county . Most often, a parish takes the name of its seat, which is usually the most important (or the single) human agglomeration within its area, which can be

300-451: Is located 6 km north of the city of Horta on the main regional road that encircles the island. The population in 2011 was 759, in an area of 14.48 km . The first record of the parish, which was named for one of the original inhabitants, dated August 7, 1590, came from a financial transaction between King Sebastian who sent the vicar 25 thousand reis (ostensibly for construction or furnishing of their church). Pedro Miguel became

330-476: Is similar to a freguesia . The average land area of a Portuguese parish is about 29.83 km (11.52 sq mi) and an average population of about 3,386 people. The largest parish by area is Alcácer do Sal (Santa Maria do Castelo e Santiago) e Santa Susana, with a land area of 888.35 km (342.99 sq mi), and the smallest parish by area is São Bartolomeu (Borba), with a land area of 0.208 km (0.080 sq mi). The most populous parish

SECTION 10

#1733086105973

360-485: Is the third-level administrative subdivision of Portugal , as defined by the 1976 Constitution . It is also the designation for local government jurisdictions in the former Portuguese overseas territories of Cape Verde and Macau (until 2001). In the past, it was also an administrative division of the other Portuguese overseas territories. The parroquia in the Spanish autonomous communities of Galicia and Asturias

390-418: The municipal assembly . The parish, in contrast with the municipalities, had their base in the ecclesiastical divisions that "had its origin in the fact that neighbours professed the same religion and professed their faith and divinity in the same temple". Freguesia , the traditional Portuguese word for parish, had its beginning in the filius ecclesiae (child of the church) and filius gregis (child of

420-716: The 2013 local government reforms, the 308 municipalities were subdivided into 4,259 civil parishes. In 2011, after more than two weeks of bailout negotiations in light of the sovereign debt crisis with the International Monetary Fund , the European Central Bank and the European Commission , the Portuguese government was obliged to reduce the number of municipal and parish local governments after July 2012. The government of Pedro Passos Coelho introduced

450-559: The 76 species of endemic plants (approximately one third). The interpretative centres attempt to educative, but also provide examples in a natural setting that fosters scientific investigation, referred to as ex-situ ; species are taken from their natural locations and nurtured in a protected environment, where they can be seen, understood and investigated. The Garden is actually a series of spaces that show open-air examples of plants, trees and herbaceous species, as well as medicinal, aromatic and exotic ornamental plants, traditionally used on

480-412: The creation of a democratic local administration, in 1976, the Portuguese parishes have been ruled by a system composed by an executive body (the junta de freguesia , "parish board/council") and a deliberative body (the assembleia de freguesia , "parish assembly"). The members of the assembleia de freguesia are publicly elected every four years. The presidents of the parish boards are also members of

510-477: The electoral assembly was also situated. The population had reached 1,757 inhabitants by this time. During the 1998 earthquake, which hit affected the northern communities of the island, several houses were damaged and the parochial church was irreparably damaged. The parish of Pedro Miguel is situated in an area between Lomba dos Frades and Lomba Grande , and is bisected by the Ribeira de Pedro Miguel . It contains

540-409: The group has travelled throughout the island and archipelago to present their brand of traditional culture. The large group (in 2011 about 41 members) of varying ages (13 to 60 years) promoted their first recorded CD in 2011, entitled Ao Toque da Viola . Freguesia Freguesia ( Portuguese pronunciation: [fɾɛɣɨˈzi.ɐ] ), usually translated as " parish " or "civil parish",

570-566: The habitat and species characteristic of the Laurisilva biome. In 2003, the garden administration began to create a seed bank to collect and maintain a viable gene pool of rare species common to the Azores. After remodelling and renovations, the Gardens were reopened on 22 May 2011, marking the International Day of Biodiversity, which included guided tours, a tea tasting (from Casa D'Avilas ),

600-484: The island of Faial and the Azores. This includes the conservation of seeds of various endemic species, the propagation of habitats of existing species and to promote an understanding of the rich floral diversity and historical importance to the islands. In the autonomous region there are records that indicate that 90% of the endemic plants common at the time of the early settlement have disappeared or were crossed with other species. The seed bank has been able to collect 28 of

630-623: The islands. Specifically, the Garden is also a depository of some of the more rare plants in the Region, such as the Veronica Dabney . In the Ilídio Botelho da Costa herbarium, the visitor can encounter species native and exotic herbs, allowing the identification of uncommon species. In addition, there is an orquidário ( orchid garden ), with examples of 30 different species of orchids collected by Henrique Peixoto (1917–2007), which were titled to

SECTION 20

#1733086105973

660-475: The local Santa Casa da Misericórdia . The collection includes common and hybrid varieties of Cattleyas, Vandas, Lael, Gongora, Stanhopea, Milton, Epidendros, Dendrobii, among others, including a rare species from the island of Madagascar that contributed to Charles Darwin 's theory of evolution. Other important orchids include the Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedium families, which have fused sepals similar to

690-414: The localities Abegoaria, Arrochela, Atras da Ladeira, Caminho Redondo, Grota Funda, Rua da Igreja and Rua Velha. Grota Funda is a cave located in a large volcanic crater located west of the parish centre, and which founded fragments of vegetable coals. The communities economy revolved around mainly cereals and agricultural, as well as many orange orchards located closer to the center. The dairy industry

720-459: The municipalities with the same name (except for Sé, which belongs to Funchal ). Of Cape Verde 's 22 municipalities , which form the highest level of sub-national government in the small African state, some but not all are subdivided into parishes. There are 32 parishes in the country. Macau is an autonomous special administrative region in Southern China that was historically a part of

750-421: The municipality directly. Barcelos is the municipality with the most civil parishes (61, since 2013). Portugal has no unincorporated areas ; all the national territory (apart from the above-mentioned example of Corvo) belongs to a civil parish, including uninhabited islands: Selvagens Islands to Sé , and Berlengas to Peniche , Desertas Islands to Santa Cruz , and Formigas Islets to Vila do Porto , in

780-500: The number of parishes was reduced from 4,259 to 3,091. Municipalities in Portugal are usually divided into multiple freguesias , but seven municipalities are not: Alpiarça , Barrancos , Castanheira de Pera , Porto Santo , São Brás de Alportel and São João da Madeira all consist of a single civil parish, and Corvo is a special case of a municipality without civil parishes, where all usual parish duties and functions are performed by

810-402: The power of the clergy built these areas, accumulating immense wealth and power. The liberal government of Mouzinho da Silveira abolished the parishes in 1832, but the government of Manuel da Silva Passos restored them in 1836. The freguesia began to refer to the civil/administrative entity, while the paróquia ( Latin : parochia ) became affiliated with the religious entity. Before

840-403: The shepherds's flock), the collectivity of the religious faithful, with similar aspirations and interests. Between 1216 and 1223, Afonso II of Portugal began a process of legitimizing the Portuguese territory by conferring charters to nobles, clergy and municipal chambers (which would not be completed until after 1249, under Afonso III of Portugal ), making the parish the smallest division. But,

870-588: Was also an important contributor, and the Pedro Miguel was a major producer of local exports (most importantly butter). Founded on 23 June 1977, the Grupo Folclórico e Etnográfico de Pedro Miguel (English: Folklore and Ethnographic Group of Pedro Miguel ) was established to perpetuate some of the traditions of the community, including folklore, song, dance and ethnographic representations. Using stylized period costumes, dating to late 19th and early 20th century,

900-447: Was held in Horta. Part of the group's debates included discussion of the recuperation of landscapes deteriorated by invader species , as part of the regional programme PRECEFIAS ( Portuguese : Plano Regional de Erradicação e Controlo de Espécies de Flora Invasora em Áreas Sensíveis ), which permitted the reclamation of 650 hectares in 24 areas of the area of the Azores. The garden includes

#972027