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72-469: Currently it offers courses in advertising, public relations and radio, TV and internet as a complement to the area of social communication, in addition to an interdisciplinary research center, postgraduate programs, and university extension. The college occupies four floors of the building where the Cásper Líbero Foundation operates. In addition to conventional classrooms, its educational structure

144-621: A Roteiro da Revolução ("Guide to Revolution"), in an attempt to unify civilian opposition against the army, the then called "boasting party", which had intervened in Brazilian politics since the beginning of the Republic. In 1964, the Estado supported the military coup and the indirect election of Castelo Branco . Shortly after the Institutional Act n° 2 which dissolved the other political parties,

216-483: A military junta ; the military role would be only temporary—or so at least it was thought. After the financial and business hardships were left behind, the new management started to concentrate on industrial modernization and in creating a distribution network that would facilitate the circulation leaps that would follow. The company bought new printing presses and equipment in the United States. In 1968, Folha became

288-520: A Documentation and Research Center where you can find the newspaper library, the audiovisual collection, the Gazeta collection of historical newspapers, the collection of books from Cásper Líbero's personal library and other rare materials. Students have a large historical collection to consult. Several editions of the old Gazeta Esportiva are preserved on site, television materials stored in past formats (Quadruplex videotape, U-matic, Betacam, among others.) and

360-646: A climax with the editorial "Political Prisoners?", published in 1972, in which the newspaper challenged the notion that there were people jailed for their political ideas in Brazil. The editorial was also a response to rival "O Estado", for its defense of a special jail regime for political prisoners. The editorial claimed: "It is well known that those criminals, whom the daily [Estado] wrongly qualifies as political prisoners, are just bank robbers, kidnappers, thieves, arsonists and murderers, acting sometimes with more exquisite perversity than those other, lowly common criminals, that

432-456: A conservative, traditional and rigid posture; Folha was always more responsive to societal needs. Business flourished, and the controlling partners decided to buy a building to serve as headquarters, a printing press and then, in 1925, to create a second newspaper, Folha da Manhã . Also in 1925, Folha da Manhã premiered Juca Pato , a cartoon character drawn by Benedito Carneiro Bastos Barreto (1896-1947), better known as Belmonte . Juca Pato

504-415: A guide to the rules and commitments Folha works under. It was the first publication of its kind to be made available to the general public. The guidelines stipulate that Folha's journalism should be descriptive and accurate, but that themes that cause controversy can admit to more than one viewpoint and require a pluralistic treatment. Folha also became known for its highly diverse selection of columnists. At

576-608: A joint-venture with the Globo group, the business daily Valor , among other enterprises. It has gone through several phases and has targeted different audiences, such as urban middle classes, rural landowners, and the civil society, but political independence has always been one of its editorial cornerstones. Ever since 1986, Folha has had the biggest circulation among the largest Brazilian newspapers – according to data by IVC (Instituto Verificador de Circulação), in January 2010, circulation

648-500: A major supporter for the 1932 revolution. The newspaper's director, Júlio de Mesquita Filho , was arrested three times and forced into exile, and "Estado" was under intervention by the authorities from 1940 to 1945. With its main rival muzzled, Folha da Manhã took a leading role in voicing opposition to Vargas' dictatorship. This critical stance is one of reasons offered to explain a change in ownership during 1945. According to João Baptista Ramos, brother of João Nabantino Ramos – one of

720-566: A more critical stance. Frias believed in an editorial policy nonpartisan and pluralistic, able to offer the widest range of views about any subject, and he found a skilled collaborator in Cláudio Abramo, the newspaper's editorial director from 1965 to 1973, followed by Ruy Lopes (1972–73) and Boris Casoy (1974-1976). Abramo took over once again in 1976/77, but then a crisis caused by an attempted military coup against President Ernesto Geisel led Frias to bring back Casoy. Abramo reformulated

792-429: A newsroom manual and editorial policy guidelines. In 1949, Ramos started a third newspaper, Folha da Tarde , and sponsored dozens of civic campaigns against corruption and organized crime, for the defense of water sources, infrastructure improvements, city works, and plenty more. However organized as an executive, Ramos lacked business acumen and was not flexible enough to negotiate credit lines and balance budgets. In

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864-661: A project of the Constitution, in Petrópolis , the young editor Julio de Mesquita effectively took control of Estado and initiated a series of innovations. One of the innovations was the engagement of the agency Havas , once the largest in the world. The Estadão pioneered the newspaper selling system in 1875, where it was sold on the streets, instead of by the subscription-only system adopted by all other newspapers in Brazil before that time. At first, this new way of selling resulted in jokes and mockery, but ultimately all rivals adopted

936-497: A vast disco with rarities, primarily of Brazilian music. 23°33′55″S 46°39′05″W  /  23.5654°S 46.6513°W  / -23.5654; -46.6513 This Brazilian university, college, or tertiary institution related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Folha de S. Paulo Folha de S.Paulo (sometimes spelled Folha de São Paulo ), also known as simply Folha ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfoʎɐ] , Sheet ),

1008-700: A written essay. Students may also earn extra points depending on their performance on the ENEM exam. The José Geraldo Vieira Library opened in 1948, one year after the inauguration of the Journalism school. The collection management system underwent a modernization process in June 2008, making it possible to access online services. With an area of 625 m, the Library contains a collection of 49,000 books, 580 periodicals, 4,270 films and several online and CD-ROM databases, in addition to having

1080-518: Is a Brazilian daily newspaper founded in 1921 under the name Folha da Noite and published in São Paulo by the Folha da Manhã company. The newspaper is the centerpiece for Grupo Folha , a conglomerate that also controls UOL (Universo Online), the leading Internet portal in Brazil; polling institute Datafolha ; publishing house Publifolha ; book imprint Três Estrelas ; printing company Plural ; and, in

1152-456: Is considered a newspaper of record for Brazil. The term Província ("Province") was preserved until January 1890, one month after the fall of the monarchy and the subsequent republican regime in Brazil. Although the newspaper supported the change, it showed that it was completely independent, refusing to serve the interests of the ascendant Republican Party of São Paulo. When the then editor in chief Francisco Rangel Pestana left to work in

1224-523: Is supported by the preservation of the Prof. José Geraldo Veiria library, which has a collection of 49,000 books, 580 periodicals, 4,270 films in an area of 625 m, in the editing islands equipped with specific audio and video editing software, in the two radio laboratories with acoustic coating, three TV laboratories, digital photo laboratory, photographic laboratory, nine computer laboratories equipped with PC and Apple lines, multi-sports court, Aloysio Biondi Room and

1296-611: The Golden Pen of Freedom Award , bestowed by the International Federation of Editions and Newspapers . In the 1970s, the newspaper ran into debt because of the construction of its new headquarters by the Tietê river , leading to a financial crisis, as it competed with a new standard of journalism represented by Folha de S. Paulo . In 1986, the Estado hired the renowned journalist Augusto Nunes to be its chief editor. He updated

1368-543: The Brazilian Federal Police , unlike other national newspapers that did not dispute censorship by the government. With the death of Mesquita Filho, the Estado was directed by Julio de Mesquita Neto . Then, the newspaper gained worldwide visibility when it denounced the preemptive censorship of articles and replaced them with verses of the Portuguese classic The Lusiads , by Luís de Camões . In 1974, it received

1440-527: The Folhas , mended his fences with the São Paulo Republicans, and broke his links to opposition groups connected to Getúlio Vargas and his Aliança Liberal. In October 1930, when Vargas led a victorious revolution, newspapers that opposed him were attacked by Aliança Liberal supporters. Folha's premises were destroyed, and Costa sold the company to Octaviano Alves de Lima, a businessman whose main activity

1512-619: The Liberal Alliance . With the victory of Vargas, the newspaper saw the Brazilian Revolution of 1930 as a mark of the end of the oligarchy system. The Grupo Estado assumed in 1932 the leadership of the constitutionalist revolution. With its defeat, many people from the directory were exiled, including Júlio de Mesquita Filho and Francisco Mesquita . One year later, in August, Getúlio Vargas invited Armando de Salles Oliveira to be

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1584-550: The Mensalão scandal (2005), Folha kept revealing abuses and misrule. In 1986, Folha became the newspaper with the largest circulation among big Brazilian dailies, and it still leads today. In 1995, one year after reaching the landmark of one million copies for its Sunday edition, the company put into operation its new printing center, seen as the most technologically advanced in Latin-America. The company's circulation and sales record

1656-524: The República Nova ("New Republic") (1946–1964) the Estado profiled itself to the National Democratic Union of Carlos Lacerda and opposed all the other governments, especially João Goulart . In 1954, O Estado de S. Paulo led a national campaign against the elected democratic President, Getúlio Vargas, leading him to commit suicide. In 1962, the director Júlio de Mesquita Filho even wrote

1728-582: The University of São Paulo . In his letter, Comparato wrote that "the editorialist and the executive editor that approved the text should be sentenced to public penance, getting down on their knees on a public square to beg forgiveness to the Brazilian public." The newspaper answered by defining the professors' indignation as "cynical and untrue", and claiming that both of them were well-respected figures and did not express similar disdain regarding left-wing dictatorships such as Cuba's. "Editorial note: Folha respects

1800-543: The 1950s, the Major Quedinho Street headquarters were built, adjacent to the Hotel Jaraguá. That was the phase when the section Internacional ("International") of the newspaper, directed by the journalist Giannino Carta and by Ruy Mesquita , became known as the most complete of any national newspaper. From that time until the 1970s, O Estado showed almost exclusively international news on its first page. During

1872-504: The Cásper Líbero Theater. Faculdade Cásper Líbero also develops postgraduate programs at master's and specialization levels, maintains an interdisciplinary research center and promotes the provision of free and university extension courses. Faculdade Cásper Líbero is a leading communications school in Brazil. It ranked as the best private communications school in the country on Folha de S. Paulo 's University Ranking. According to

1944-574: The Estado network has control over the OESP Mídia (1984), a company that runs advertisements. Grupo Estado also owns the radios Rádio Eldorado AM and FM (1972) and the Estado Agency (1970), the largest news agency in Brazil. Jornal da Tarde (1966) was discontinued in 2012. In 2013, another big reorganization followed. Employees were laid off and the paper reduced the number of pages. The oldest of all

2016-549: The TV business and the partners sold their TV companies in 1969. The early 1970s were a turbulent period for Folha. Accused by guerrilla groups of lending vehicles to the military regime repressive apparatus, Folha became a target for guerrilla action. Guerrilla groups intercepted and burned three of Folha's delivery vans, two in September and one in October 1971, and made death threats against

2088-490: The act. O Estado de S. Paulo O Estado de S. Paulo ( Portuguese pronunciation: [u (i)sˈtadu d(ʒi) sɐ̃w ˈpawlu] ; lit.   ' The State of São Paulo ' ), also known as Estadão ( Portuguese: [istaˈdɐ̃w] ; lit.   ' Big State ' ), is a daily newspaper published in São Paulo , Brazil . It is the third largest newspaper in Brazil, and its format changed from broadsheet to berliner on October 17, 2021. It has

2160-408: The afternoon edition of the newspaper began to circulate throughout the country. It was known as Estadinho ( lit . "Little Estado"), directed by the then young Júlio de Mesquita Filho . In 1924, the newspaper Estado was banned from circulation for the first time, after the defeat of the tenants' rebellion that shook the city. Júlio Mesquita, who tried to mediate a dialogue between the rebels and

2232-459: The area of telecommunications, the Estado network was restructured in 2003 and most of the Mesquita family lost their directorship roles. Massive layoffs also occurred. After balancing its budget, the Estado embarked upon a new graphic reformulation in October 2004. It also created new notebooks and received many prizes for excellence in graphic displays. Besides the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo ,

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2304-424: The company to pay higher wages and grant them additional benefits. That meant additional costs for the paper. On 13 August 1962, the company was sold to entrepreneurs Octavio Frias de Oliveira and Carlos Caldeira Filho . Frias and Caldeira became, respectively, CEO and COO of the company, and started their tenure by seeking to balance the newspaper's financial position. Frias chose scientist José Reis , one of

2376-453: The company's new controlling partners, with Clóvis Queiroga and Alcides Ribeiro Meirelles -, buying the Folhas was a maneuver Getúlio Vargas engineered to get rid of the oppositionist viewpoint Rubens do Amaral, a sworn enemy of "getulismo", gave to the paper's news coverage. Queiroga, on his part, represented Count Francisco Matarazzo Júnior , barred from owning press outlets in Brazil because he

2448-472: The company, and chose Rubens do Amaral as newsroom head; Amaral led a newsroom staffed by journalists hostile to Vargas. Hermínio Saccheta, a Trotskyist who was briefly a political prisoner under Estado Novo, became an executive news editor as soon as he left jail. The dictatorial administration put political pressure onto news organs, and in São Paulo it took as its main target the daily O Estado de S. Paulo ,

2520-466: The decisions adopted by the preceding dictator. That period is commonly referred to as "Berenguer's dictablanda" (and the word was used later on, in different contexts, in Chile , Mexico, Uruguay and Colombia ). Folha published 21 letters about the editorial, 18 of which criticized the word choice. Among them were letters by Maria Victoria Benevides and Fábio Konder Comparato , both of them professors at

2592-564: The dictatorship, being administrated by DIP (Department of the Press [Port." Imprense "] and Propaganda) until 1945, when the Estado was returned by the Supreme Federal Court to its legitimate owners. The numbers published during this governmental intervention are not considered part of the actual history of the paper. Shortly after World War II the Estado enjoyed great advances, with the increase in editing and of its good reputation. In

2664-412: The early 1960s, the company was suffering due to a rise in the prices of printing paper. The three newspapers were merged under a new title, Folha de S.Paulo , in 1960, but initially the morning, afternoon and evening editions were kept. However, with a worsening financial situation, only the morning edition survived. Things deteriorated further in 1961, after the news staff organized a strike that forced

2736-584: The first Latin-American newspaper to adopt the offset printing system. In 1971, it pioneered a new innovation: lead typesetting was replaced by cold composition . The newspaper's circulation was improving and its share in the advertising market was growing. Late in the 1960s, Frias even formed the nucleus of a national TV network, adding to TV Excelsior , which led in audience in São Paulo and he acquired in 1967, three other stations in Rio de Janeiro , Minas Gerais and Rio Grande do Sul . However, Caldeira didn't like

2808-487: The first large-circulation publication to do so in Brazil. In 1971, the newspaper replaced lead typesetting with the first cold composition system in Brazil. In 1983, when its first computer terminals were installed, it became the first computerized newsroom in South America. In 1984, Folha launched its first newsroom manual; those books would in time become valuable reference works for students and journalists. The manual

2880-571: The following cities: On 17 February 2009, in an editorial criticizing the Hugo Chávez administration in Venezuela , Folha defined the earlier Brazilian military dictatorship as a " ditabranda " (meaning "soft dictatorship") as follows: "However, if the ditabrandas – such as the one Brazil had from 1964 to 1985 – started with an institutional breakdown then later on either preserved or created controlled forms of political expression and access to Justice,

2952-484: The founder, lawyer, journalist and businessman Cásper Líbero, the first school of Journalism in Brazil, Faculdade Cásper Líbero was founded in 1943, but only started operating in 1947, due to legislative and bureaucratic issues. It was the second institution in Latin America to have a journalism course. All students are admitted through a competitive entrance exam, usually consisting of 90 multiple-choice questions and

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3024-464: The government, was imprisoned and taken to Rio de Janeiro , before being freed shortly thereafter. With the death of the old director of 1927, his son Júlio de Mesquita Filho assumed the directory along with his brother Franscisco, the latter managing the financial aspects of the newspaper. In 1930, the Estado , connected to the Democratic Party , supported the candidature of Getúlio Vargas for

3096-413: The governor in São Paulo. Armando Salles, son-in-law of Júlio Mesquita (by then already deceased), imposed as a condition for his acceptance the position the amnesty of the rebels of 1932 and a convocation of a constituent assembly . Vargas agreed and Júlio de Mesquita Filho and Francisco Mesquita, as well as other exiled people, returned to Brazil. Years later, with the appearance of the " Estado Novo ",

3168-494: The journal broke away from the regime. On 13 November 1968, the editor of the Estado was arrested because of Mesquita Filho's refusal to eliminate from the section Notas e Informações ("Notes and Information") the editorial Instituições em Frangalhos ("Institutions in Frazzles"). where he denounced the end of any normal and simple democratic appearance. From then on, the newspaper began disputing censored editions of its news by

3240-712: The largest newspaper in São Paulo, exceeding the circulation of the Correio Paulistano . Property of the Mesquita family since 1902, the Estado supported the Allied cause in World War I , suffering reprisals from the German community in the city, which removed all advertising announcements from the newspaper. Despite this, the Mesquitas maintained their editorial position. During the war,

3312-573: The leading lights in the Brazilian Association for the Advancement of Science ( SBPC ), as newsroom head, and also hired Cláudio Abramo , the journalist credited with the successful updating of rival "O Estado de S. Paulo". Abramo would take Reis' place and form a productive working partnership with Frias that extended for more than 20 years. In 1964, Folha de S.Paulo supported the coup that overthrew President João Goulart, and his replacement by

3384-474: The media outlet in question thinks deserving of all promiscuity". The episode has also caused an internal crisis. One week later, the newspaper suspended its editorials. Later that same year, Cláudio Abramo lost his position as newsroom head, and Folha would only claim back a more avowedly political stance, instead of the uncritical "neutrality" adopted when editorials were suspended, late in 1973. More innovative than its competitor, Folha started to gain hold of

3456-418: The middle classes that were growing under the Brazilian "economic miracle", and became the newspaper of choice for young people and women. At the same time, it put effort into news areas that were not well covered in Brazil up to that time, like business news, sports, education and services. Folha supported the concept of a political opening and opened its pages to all opinion trends, and its news coverage adopted

3528-542: The new Latin American authoritarianism, pioneered by Peru's Fujimori, goes the opposite way. A leader democratically elected works from within to undermine the institutions, the checks and balances, step by step". There was an immediate and strong reaction to the use of "ditabranda", a word coined in Spain during the 1930s when General Damaso Berenguer replaced General Primo de Rivera and governed through decrees, revoking some of

3600-430: The news bulletin of Estado and endeavored upon a series of reformed graphics, that would result in the adoption, in 1991, of colored printing in its daily editions. Before that, Estado was not issued on Monday and holidays. In 1996, Júlio de Mesquita Neto died and Ruy Mesquita, his brother, became the new director. Previously, Ruy directed Jornal da Tarde , owned by the Estado network. After an unsuccessful experience in

3672-400: The news. From the midpoint of the Brazilian military rule, Folha kept a critical stance towards several succeeding administrations ( Ernesto Geisel , João Figueiredo , José Sarney , Fernando Collor , Itamar Franco ). Otavio Frias Filho was sued, with three of Folha's reporters, by then President Fernando Collor. Although Folha expressed support for Collor's liberalizing economic views, it

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3744-415: The newspaper and led the first of many graphic reforms that would follow, in 1976; he hired columnists such as Janio de Freitas, Paulo Francis , Tarso de Castro, Glauber Rocha , Flavio Rangel, Alberto Dines , Mino Carta , Osvaldo Peralva, Luiz Alberto Bahia and Fernando Henrique Cardoso . Folha became one of the main forums for public debate in Brazil. Contrary to some expectations, this editorial posture

3816-511: The newspaper maintained its opposition to the regime, and in March 1940 it was invaded by DOPS (part of the government that controlled and restrained opponents and movements that were antithetical to the Estado Novo regime) and the paper was altered by them to state that, with absurdity and mockery, "guns were arrested" in the redaction. The newspaper was initially closed and afterwards was confiscated by

3888-408: The newspaper owner. Octavio Frias de Oliveira responded with a first page editorial entitled "Banditry", and stated that he wouldn't accept the aggressions or threats. That was followed by an article on the news bulletin of ALN , a guerrilla group, in which Frias was classified as an enemy of the organization and Brazil. The bad blood between the newspaper and the left wing groups deepened and reached

3960-478: The newspaper's editorial project as part of the so-called Projeto Folha, implemented in the newsroom under the supervision of Carlos Eduardo Lins da Silva and Caio Túlio Costa . The guidelines for Projeto Folha require critical, nonpartisan and pluralistic news coverage. Those principles also guide the Newsroom Manual , first released in 1984 and updated several times later on. More than a style guide, it serves as

4032-429: The opinion of readers who disagree with the expression used to qualify Brazilian military rule in our recent editorial, and is printing some of their complaints above. As regards Professors Comparato and Benevides, well-known figures that up until today expressed no repudiation to left-wing dictatorships such as Cuba's, their 'indignation' is clearly cynical and untrue". The use of the word "ditabranda" led to Folha being

4104-535: The ploy backfired. Nabantino Ramos balanced those losses against the Count's initial financing and, some months later, declared that the company's debt to Matarazzo was fully paid and took over editorial control of the papers. Nabantino Ramos, who was an attorney, was very interested in modern managerial techniques, and during the 1940s and 1950s adopted several innovations: competitive examinations for new hires, journalism courses, performance bonuses, fact checking. He wrote

4176-460: The same system. Today, newspapers in Brazil are sold in small street newspapers/magazines shops, and by single sellers located in the main avenues of the biggest cities. Back in the 19th century, the Estadão was sold by only one man, a French immigrant, who carried his newspapers in a bag, while riding a horse, and announcing himself with a cornet. In the end of the 19th century, the Estado was already

4248-512: The same time, checks and balances were instituted through internal controls: the Manual, the daily "Corrections" section adopted in 1991, a rule stating that objections to any article expressed by readers or for people mentioned in the news should be published, and, above all, the ombudsman position created in 1989; this position entails job security for its holder, whose aim is to criticize Folha and deal with complaints by readers and people mentioned in

4320-422: The second-largest circulation in the city of São Paulo , behind only Folha de S. Paulo . The journal was founded on 4 January 1875, and was first called A Província de São Paulo ( lit.   ' The Province of São Paulo ' ). An active supporter of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985), O Estado de S. Paulo is described by observers as having a right-wing, conservative editorial stance. It

4392-407: The sections, known as Notas e Informações ("Notes and Information"), appears on page 3 and presents a republican institutionalist view, emphasizing liberty of expression, economic liberalism and Rechtsstaat – one of flagship columns of O Estado de S. Paulo . It was, initially, a supporter of the 1964 military coup d'état in Brazil and of the military dictatorship that then ensued. To this day,

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4464-534: The target of criticism on Internet discussion boards and other media vehicles, particularly those closer to left-wing thinking, such as the magazines Fórum , Caros Amigos (that ran a cover story about the case) and Carta Capital . On 7 March, there was a protest in front of Folha's headquarters, in Central São Paulo, against the use of the word "ditabranda" and to express solidarity to Maria Victoria Benevides e Fábio Konder Comparato, who did not take part in

4536-408: Was 279,000 copies on weekdays and 329,000 on Sundays. In company with O Estado de S. Paulo and O Globo , Folha is regarded as a newspaper of record in Brazil. Among daily newspapers, Folha has also the news website with the largest number of visitors. Folha was founded on 19 February 1921, by a group of journalists led by Olival Costa and Pedro Cunha, under the name Folha da Noite . It

4608-416: Was an evening newspaper, with a project that privileged shorter, clearer articles, focusing more on news than on opinion, and a positioning closer to the themes that affected the daily life of the paulistanos (São Paulo city dwellers), particularly the working classes. The paper was competing against O Estado de S. Paulo the leading newspaper in the city, which represented rural moneyed interests and took on

4680-674: Was appointed to the position. In 1995, when the Folha Printing and Technology Center started operations in Tamboré (near São Paulo), this modern printing plant built at a cost of US$ 120 million allowed Folha to circulate with most of its pages in full color. In the first half of 2012, Folha carried the following sections and supplements: Daily sections/supplements Weekly sections/supplements Monthly magazine: Serafina (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Brasília only) In early 2012, Folha had correspondents , either full-time or research fellows, in

4752-454: Was born in Italy. Matarazzo financed the purchase of new, modern printing presses and saw the investment as a way to respond to the attacks he suffered from newspapers owned by his business rival Assis Chateaubriand . One of the weapons he developed for this battle was reducing the sales price of the Folhas in order to suffocate the business of Diários Associados , Chateaubriand's company. However,

4824-727: Was coffee production and trade. Alves de Lima's initial goal, when he took over the newspapers in 1931, was defending the "agricultural interests", meaning rural landowners. But important events elsewhere became the focus for news organizations: the 1932 constitutionalist revolution , when São Paulo tried to recover the power lost to Vargas; the World War II (1939 to 1945), and the Estado Novo (the Vargas dictatorial period that extended from 1937 to 1945). Alves de Lima had no news experience, and so he charged poet Guilherme de Almeida with directing

4896-538: Was preserved and developed by Casoy during his tenure (1977-1984). In 1983/1984, Folha was the main bastion for the Diretas Já movement, an attempt to change the voting system adopted for presidential selection, from a Congressional vote to direct popular voting. In 1984, Otavio Frias Filho became the editorial director, systematizing and developing the newspaper's experiences during the political opening and Diretas Já. A series of documents circulated periodically, defining

4968-792: Was set in 1994, with the launch of the "Atlas Folha/The New York Times" (1,117,802 copies for the Sunday edition.) Currently, Folha extended its range of communication activities, with newspapers, databanks, a polling institute, a newswire, a real-time news and entertainment service, a printing company for magazines and a delivery company. In 1991, all shares of Empresa Folha da Manhã then belonging to Carlos Caldeira Filho were transferred to Octavio Frias de Oliveira , Folha's publisher until his death in 2007. Folha's executive editors since 1984 have been journalists Matinas Suzuki (1991-1997), Eleonora de Lucena (2001-2010) and Sérgio Dávila (from March 2010). In 1967, Folha adopted full-color offset presses , becoming

5040-639: Was supposed to represent the Average Joe, and served as a vehicle for ironic criticism of political and economic problems, always repeating the tagline "it could have been worse". The two Folha newspapers criticized mainly the Republican parties that monopolized power back then; the newspapers campaigned for social improvement. The company was involved in founding the Democratic Party, an opposition group. However, in 1929, Olival Costa, by then sole proprietor of

5112-471: Was the first publication to appeal for his impeachment, which finally came in 1992. The newspaper's coverage about the administrations of Fernando Henrique Cardoso ( PSDB ) and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva ( PT ) led to accusations of anti-governmental bias in both cases, though the two Presidents belong to rival parties. Beginning with the exposure of a massive fraud on the Norte-Sul railway (1985), and through

5184-563: Was updated in new editions launched in 1987, 1992 and 2001. In 1989, Folha became the first Brazilian media vehicle to appoint an ombudsman, charged with receiving, evaluating and forwarding complaints by the readers, and to present critical comments both about Folha and other media vehicles. Nine journalists have occupied this position since then: Caio Túlio Costa, Mario Vitor Santos, Junia Nogueira de Sá, Marcelo Leite, Renata Lo Prete, Bernardo Ajzenberg, Marcelo Beraba, Mário Magalhães and Carlos Eduardo Lins da Silva. In February 2010, Suzana Singer

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