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76-443: The book is co-authored by three Discovery Institute members, Stephen C. Meyer , Scott Minnich and Paul A. Nelson , as well as illustrator and creationist author Jonathan Moneymaker and Kansas evolution hearings participant Ralph Seelke. Hill House Publishers Pty. Ltd. ( Melbourne and London ), headed by creationist and entomological taxonomist Bernard d'Abrera , is the publisher of Explore Evolution . Nick Matzke of

152-714: A branch campus of the University of Washington ; the numerous privately financed renovation projects near the campus; the Washington State History Museum (1996), echoing the architecture of Union Station; the Museum of Glass (2002); the Tacoma Art Museum (2003); and the region's first light-rail line (2003). The glass and steel Greater Tacoma Convention and Trade Center opened in November 2004. America's Car Museum

228-478: A conservative Republican, focused on the vulnerabilities of computers to fraud. In 1998, Tacoma installed Click! Network , a high-speed fiber optic network throughout the community. The municipally owned power company, Tacoma Power , wired the city. In response, the State of Washington passed RCW 54.16.330 in 2000, effectively preventing further research and development of Click! Network until its repeal in 2021 during

304-410: A dirty, dishonest book in a slick package. It's gonna sell like hotcakes to every lazy, stupid teacher who wants to substitute vacuous crap for an honest and serious examination of a difficult and important subject. Myers feels that, "The biology part is shallow, useless, and often wrong, and the critiques are basically just warmed over creationist arguments." Myers also points out that Explore Evolution

380-559: A major destination for big-time automobile racing, with one of the nation's top-rated racing venues just outside the city limits, at the site of today's Clover Park Technical College . In 1924, Tacoma's first movie studio, H. C. Weaver Studio, was sited at present-day Titlow Beach . At the time, it was the third-largest freestanding film production space in America, with the two larger facilities being located in Hollywood. The production studio

456-443: A mayor and city-manager system in 1952. Tacoma was featured prominently in the garage rock sound of the mid-1960s with bands including The Wailers and The Sonics . The surf rock band The Ventures were also from Tacoma. Downtown Tacoma experienced a long decline through the mid-20th century. Harold Moss , later the city's mayor, characterized late-1970s Tacoma as looking "bombed out" like "downtown Beirut " (a reference to

532-593: A new 'science' based solidly on theism." Christopher Rufo , an activist who later became famous for opposing the teaching of critical race theory , wrote frequently on the subject of homelessness while he worked for the Discovery Institute. In his 2018 Discovery Institute-funded policy paper "Seattle Under Siege: How Seattle's Homelessness Policy Perpetuates the Crisis and How We Can Fix It," Rufo said that four groups—"socialist intellectuals", "compassion brigades",

608-443: A new 360-page college textbook called The Design of Life . The Discovery Institute promotes Explore Evolution as an alternative approach to mainstream teaching evolution to high school biology students: "Sadly, the majority of biology textbooks in use today are ‘dumbed-down’ and do a poor job explaining evolution," said Dr. John West of Discovery Institute, the book’s United States distributor. " Explore Evolution will improve

684-461: A period of revitalization. Developments in the downtown include the University of Washington Tacoma ; the T Line (formerly Tacoma Link), the first modern electric light rail service in the state; the state's highest density of art and history museums; and a restored urban waterfront, the Thea Foss Waterway . The area was inhabited for thousands of years by American Indians , most recently

760-415: A preliminary review after examining a copy of Explore Evolution . Myers had a negative impression of the book. Myers wrote, In general, the book presents the subjects superficially, cherry picks examples, and sets up shallow hypotheses that bear little resemblance to what scientists actually think about the subject, and then shoots down the examples in such a way as to cast doubt on entire disciplines. It's

836-598: A public school in Tacoma, Washington . In late 2009 the UK based creationist group "Truth in Science" sent out copies of the book to UK school librarians claiming that it was suitable for the UK science curriculum. In response the British Centre for Science Education published an open letter to UK school librarians together with a leaflet called "Explore Evolution Exposed" that was based on

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912-488: A replica was built in 2000 near the original site in "Old Town"). Carr hoped to profit from the selection of Commencement Bay as the terminus of the Transcontinental Railroad, and sold most of his claim to developer Morton M. McCarver (1807–1875), who named his project Tacoma City, derived from the indigenous name for the mountain. Tacoma was incorporated on November 12, 1875, following its selection in 1873 as

988-408: A science curriculum writer, Explore Evolution was peer-reviewed by biology faculty at both state and private universities, teachers with experience in both AP and pre-AP life science courses, and doctoral scientists working for industry and government. The textbook has been pilot-tested in classes at both the secondary school and college levels. The Master of Arts Program in Science and Religion and

1064-595: A scientific controversy exists over whether evolution is a reality, when in fact there is none. The institute was cofounded in 1991 by Bruce Chapman and George Gilder as a non-profit educational foundation and think tank. It was started as a branch organization of the Hudson Institute , an Indianapolis-based conservative think tank. It is named after the Royal Navy ship HMS Discovery in which George Vancouver explored Puget Sound in 1792. The organization

1140-449: A video of an adult entertainer performing at a conference on homelessness. All Home's director was placed on administrative leave and resigned shortly thereafter. Caitlin Bassett of the Discovery Institute has contributed opinion articles that criticize governmental response to homelessness as wasteful and counterproductive to the goal of ending homelessness. The Discovery Institute opposes

1216-543: A whole most Tuesdays at 5:00 p.m. in the council chambers at 747 Market St. Meetings are open to the public and provide for public input. Victoria Woodards began her term as mayor of the City of Tacoma on January 2, 2018. She is Tacoma's third African-American mayor and third female mayor, and the second African-American female mayor. She succeeded Marilyn Strickland , who was elected in 2009, becoming Tacoma's first African-American female mayor. Normal day-to-day operations of

1292-607: Is a politically conservative think tank that advocates the pseudoscientific concept of intelligent design (ID). It was founded in 1991 in Seattle as a non-profit offshoot of the Hudson Institute . Its " Teach the Controversy " campaign aims to permit the teaching of anti- evolution , intelligent-design beliefs in United States public high school science courses in place of accepted scientific theories , positing that

1368-496: Is a United States 501(c)(3) nonprofit anti-evolution organization, based in Clearwater, Florida , promoting the pseudoscience of intelligent design associated with the Discovery Institute. While in the past, the organization sponsored events promoting intelligent design and fundamentalist Christianity, it is currently largely inactive. The PSSI was established in early 2006 by Rich Akin. Geoffrey Simmons , Discovery Institute fellow,

1444-484: Is at 47°14′29″N 122°27′34″W  /  47.24139°N 122.45944°W  / 47.24139; -122.45944 (47.241371, –122.459389). Its official elevation is 381 feet (116 m), varying between sea level and about 500 feet (150 m). According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 62.34 square miles (161.46 km ), of which 49.72 square miles (128.77 km )

1520-583: Is consistent with the Discovery Institute intelligent design campaigns , " Stand up for science " and " Critical Analysis of Evolution ". Matzke also notes that there is little that is new in the book or its associated teaching materials. John Calvert, managing director of IDnet , believes that although Explore Evolution is "enormously important" for the creationist movement, he is skeptical about its chances for success. Since 2005, IDnet has tried to bring what they call "critical analysis of evolution" into

1596-561: Is explicit, the long-term plan outlined in the Wedge Document also displays the Discovery Institute's political agenda very clearly. In ten years, the Wedge strategy was to be extended to ethics, politics, theology; the humanities, and the arts. The ultimate goal of the Discovery Institute is to "overthrow" materialism and "renew" American culture to reflect right-wing Christian values." The Center for Science and Culture (CSC), formerly known as

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1672-626: Is land and 12.62 square miles (32.69 km ) is water. Tacoma straddles the neighboring Commencement Bay with several smaller cities surrounding it. Large areas of Tacoma have views of Mount Rainier. In the event of a major eruption of Mount Rainier, the low-lying areas of Tacoma near the Port of Tacoma are at risk from a lahar flowing down the Puyallup River. The city is several miles north of Joint Base Lewis–McChord , formerly known separately as Fort Lewis and McChord Air Force Base . According to

1748-548: Is locally known as the "City of Destiny" because the area was chosen to be the western terminus of the Northern Pacific Railroad in the late 19th century. The decision of the railroad was influenced by Tacoma's neighboring deep-water harbor, Commencement Bay . By connecting the bay with the railroad, Tacoma's motto became "When rails meet sails". Commencement Bay serves the Port of Tacoma , a center of international trade on

1824-547: Is no scientific controversy regarding the validity of evolution and that the controversy is a religious and political one. A federal court, along with the majority of scientific organizations, including the American Association for the Advancement of Science , say the institute has manufactured the controversy they want to teach by promoting a "false perception" that evolution is "a theory in crisis" by falsely claiming it

1900-447: Is one of the directors of the PSSI. The PSSI created a public list of medical professionals who dissent from Darwinism . This list is used by the Discovery Institute in its anti-evolution campaigns . The list is used in support of the Discovery Institute claims that intelligent design is scientifically valid while asserting that evolution lacks broad scientific support. The PSSI, which

1976-401: Is only 150 pages which compares unfavorably with the 1,146 pages of Kenneth Miller and Joseph S. Levine's popular high school textbook, Biology: The Living Science . National Center for Science Education Public Information Project Director Nick Matzke suggests that Explore Evolution is a major signal at the vanguard of the fourth stage of the creationism–evolution controversy : That

2052-438: Is the county seat of Pierce County , Washington , United States. A port city, it is situated along Washington's Puget Sound , 32 miles (51 km) southwest of Seattle , 36 miles (58 km) southwest of Bellevue , 31 miles (50 km) northeast of the state capital, Olympia , 58 miles (93 km) northwest of Mount Rainier National Park , and 80 miles (130 km) east of Olympic National Park . The city's population

2128-472: Is the subject of wide controversy and debate within the scientific community. In the December 2005 ruling of Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District , Judge John E. Jones III concluded that intelligent design is not science and "cannot uncouple itself from its creationist, and thus religious, antecedents". The Wedge Strategy is a political and social action plan authored by the institute. The strategy

2204-472: The COVID-19 pandemic , a period of over 20 years. Beginning in the early 1990s, city residents and planners took steps to revitalize Tacoma, particularly its downtown. Among the projects were the federal courthouse in the former Union Station (1991); Save Our Station community group; Merritt+Pardini Architect (1991); Reed & Stem Architects (1911); the adaptation of a group of century-old brick warehouses into

2280-500: The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 2022, there were 3,601 violent crimes and 19,217 property crimes, for 221,776 residents. Of these, the violent crimes consisted of 147 forcible rapes, 41 murders, 752 robberies and 2,661 aggravated assaults, while 2,365 burglaries, 11,027 larceny-thefts, 5,582 motor vehicle thefts and 243 instances of arson defined the property offenses. Tacoma's Hilltop neighborhood struggled with crime in

2356-702: The Housing First approach, preferring to prioritize treating homeless people for mental illness or drug addiction. Scott S. Powell, a senior fellow of the Institute, has promoted the false claim that the 2020 United States presidential election was stolen . The Discovery Institute website has posted articles denying the scientific consensus on climate change . 47°36′14.5″N 122°20′0.4″W  /  47.604028°N 122.333444°W  / 47.604028; -122.333444 Tacoma, Washington Tacoma ( / t ə ˈ k oʊ m ə / tə- KOH -mə )

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2432-455: The Köppen climate classification , Tacoma has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb ). The warmest months are July and August; the coldest month is December. As of the 2020 census , there were 219,346 people and 91,951 households residing in the city. As of the 2010 census , there were 198,397 people, 78,541 households, and 45,716 families residing in the city. The population density

2508-562: The Lebanese Civil War that occurred at that time); "Streets were abandoned, storefronts were abandoned and City Hall was the headstone and Union Station the footstone" on the grave of downtown. The first local referendums in the U.S. on computerized voting occurred in Tacoma in 1982 and 1987. On both occasions, voters rejected the computer voting systems that local officials sought to purchase. The campaigns, organized by Eleanora Ballasiotes,

2584-668: The National Center for Science Education suggests that the name Explore Evolution might have been chosen with the intention of creating confusion. For example, Explore Evolution is also the name of a National Science Foundation grant program for museums in the United States launched in June, 2003. This book replaces Of Pandas and People , the supplementary textbook previously intended to introduce intelligent design to high school students. Discovery Institute fellows William A. Dembski and Jonathan Wells rewrote Of Pandas and People as

2660-551: The Pacific Coast and Washington's largest port. The city gained notoriety in 1940 for the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge , which earned the nickname "Galloping Gertie" due to the vertical movement of the deck during windy conditions. Like most industrial cities, Tacoma suffered a prolonged decline in the mid-20th century as a result of suburbanization and divestment. Since the 1990s, downtown Tacoma has experienced

2736-522: The Puyallup people, who lived in settlements on the delta. In 1852, a Swede named Nicolas Delin built a water-powered sawmill on a creek near the head of Commencement Bay, but the small settlement that grew around it was abandoned during the Indian War of 1855–56 . In 1864, pioneer and postmaster Job Carr , a Civil War veteran and land speculator, built a cabin (which also served as Tacoma's first post office;

2812-450: The "homeless-industrial complex", and the "addiction evangelists"—had successfully framed the debate on homelessness and diverted funding to their projects. He described how the "compassion brigade" had called for social justice using terms such as "compassion, empathy, bias, inequality, root causes, systemic racism." Rufo brought negative attention to All Home, which at the time was King County, Washington 's homelessness agency, by sharing

2888-403: The 1930s, the city became known for the " Tacoma Aroma ", a distinctive, acrid odor produced by pulp and paper manufacturing on the industrial tide flats. In the late 1990s, Simpson Tacoma Kraft reduced total sulfur emissions by 90%. This largely eliminated the problem; where once the odor was ever-present, it is now only noticeable occasionally downtown, primarily when the wind is coming from

2964-479: The 1980s and early 1990s. The beginning of the 21st century has seen a marked reduction in crime, while neighborhoods have enacted community policing and other policies. Bill Baarsma (mayor, 2002–2010) was a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition , a bi-partisan group with the goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets". Starting in 2020, during

3040-574: The Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture (CRSC), is part of the Discovery Institute, beside other connected sites, such as Mind Matters, operated by the non-profit Walter Bradley Center for Natural and Artificial Intelligence at Discovery Institute. It publishes the blog Evolution News & Science Today (formerly Evolution News & Views and often shortened to Evolution News (EN)), that promotes "a rigorously God-centered view of creation, including

3116-671: The Department of Education of Los Angeles ' evangelical Christian Biola University (formerly the Bible Institute of Los Angeles ) presented a conference entitled Science Teacher Symposium – Teaching Biological Origins on August 3 and 4 of 2007. A major thrust of this conference was to introduce and promote Explore Evolution as a textbook to teachers and others. Several public school and college courses used drafts of Explore Evolution in courses before its official publication date. There are plans to use Explore Evolution in

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3192-595: The NCSE analysis and adapted for the UK. Science writer Sally Lehrman wrote an editorial in The Boston Globe on August 9, 2007 in which she stated that Explore Evolution "claims to teach students critical thinking but instead uses pseudoscience to attack Darwin 's theories." Discovery Institute fellow Stephen C. Meyer objected in a letter to the editor of The Boston Globe , which was published on August 16, 2007. University of Minnesota faculty member PZ Myers wrote

3268-457: The World (IWW), with the goal of a fifty-cent per day pay raise. The strike was strongly opposed by the local business community, and the smelter owners threatened to blacklist organizers and union officials. The IWW opposed this move by trying to persuade inbound workers to avoid Tacoma during the strike. By August, the strike had ended without meeting its demands. Tacoma was briefly (1915–1922)

3344-532: The board of the Weyerhaeuser Company . In 1940, after eviction notices failed, the police department attempted to burn down Hooverville. In 1956, the last occupant of "Hollywood" was evicted and the police used fire to level the grounds and make room for industrial growth. In 1951, an investigation by a state legislative committee revealed widespread corruption in Tacoma's government, which had been organized commission-style since 1910. Voters approved

3420-610: The book's strategy has been formulated in an attempt to avoid repeating previous court defeats is acknowledged by the Discovery Institute: State school boards in Pennsylvania , South Carolina , New Mexico , and Minnesota along with local boards in Wisconsin and Louisiana have adopted science standards that encourage critical analysis of Darwinian Theory. To date, not a single lawsuit has challenged such standards. This

3496-484: The camp. In 1935, Tacoma received national attention when George Weyerhaeuser , the nine-year-old son of prominent lumber industry executive J.P. Weyerhaeuser , was kidnapped while walking home from school. FBI agents from Portland handled the case, in which a ransom of $ 200,000 secured the release of the victim. Four persons were apprehended and convicted; the last to be released was paroled from McNeil Island in 1963. George Weyerhaeuser went on to become chairman of

3572-502: The city at-large. All serve four-year terms and are elected in odd-numbered years. The council adopts and amends city laws, approves a two-year budget, establishes city policy, appoints citizens to boards and commissions, and performs other actions. The council also meets in "standing committees", which examine the council's work in more defined areas, such as "Environment & Public Works", "Neighborhoods & Housing", and "Public Safety, Human Services & Education". The council meets as

3648-490: The city government are administered by Tacoma's city manager, who is appointed by the city council. Elizabeth Pauli was appointed Interim City Manager on February 6, 2017. She replaced former manager T. C. Broadnax, who was appointed to the office in January 2012 and left in 2017 to become the city manager of Dallas, Texas . At the federal level, Tacoma is part of two congressional districts. The western and northern portions of

3724-422: The city is part of the 6th District , represented by Derek Kilmer . The eastern portion is in the 10th District , represented by Marilyn Strickland . Tacoma is the home of several international companies, including staffing company True Blue Inc., lumber company Simpson , and the food companies Roman Meal and Brown and Haley . Frank C. Mars founded Mars, Incorporated , in 1911 in Tacoma. Beginning in

3800-412: The city without sufficient power and heat. During the 30-day power shortage in the winter of 1929 and 1930, the engines of the aircraft carrier USS  Lexington provided Tacoma with electricity. A power grid failure paired with a newly rewritten city constitution – put into place to keep political power away from a single entity such as the railroad – created a standstill in the ability to further

3876-576: The city. As described by the account prepared by the Chinese Reconciliation Project Foundation, on the morning of November 3, "several hundred men, led by the mayor and other city officials, evicted the Chinese from their homes, corralled them at 7th Street and Pacific Avenue, marched them to the railway station at Lakeview and forced them aboard the morning train to Portland, Oregon . The next day two Chinese settlements were burned to

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3952-454: The city. The median income for a household in the city was $ 37,879, and the median income for a family was $ 45,567. Males had a median income of $ 35,820, versus $ 27,697 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 19,130. About 11.4% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 20.6% of those under the age of 18 and 10.9% of those 65 and older. According to Uniform Crime Report statistics compiled by

4028-558: The classroom. However, a setback in Kansas in February 2007 to change science standards in the wake of the Kitzmiller v. Dover decision left Calvert pessimistic. John Timmer of technology site Ars Technica also reviewed the book, writing that its version of inquiry-based learning (IBL) "assiduously avoids suggesting that any conclusion can be reached at all", and as such it "makes a mockery of

4104-526: The ground." The discovery of gold in the Klondike in 1898 led to Tacoma's prominence in the region being eclipsed by the development of Seattle. A major tragedy marred the end of the 19th century, when a streetcar accident resulted in significant loss of life on July 4, 1900. From May to August 1907, the city was the site of a smelter workers' strike organized by Local 545 of the Industrial Workers of

4180-407: The intersection of Dock Street EXD and East D Street in the train yard, a shanty town became the solution to the growing scar of the depression. Tacoma's Hooverville grew in 1924 as the homeless community settled on the waterfront. In 1927, Tacoma's Hooverville was coined "Hollywood" due to the type of crimes at the camp. The population boomed in November 1930 through early 1931 as families from

4256-493: The kind of critical thinking and analysis that forms the heart of science.” The Discovery Institute states that the textbook was " peer-reviewed " and claim that it was written by authors with impeccable credentials. This claim is refuted by the National Centre for Science Education, and the integrity of the peers is called into question: Co-authored by two state university biology professors, two philosophers of science, and

4332-433: The lines of evidence for evolution, particularly the idea "that the fact that any one of them supports evolution was just a lucky fluke". Ultimately he surmised that the book "doesn't only promote stupidity, it demands it" and "will leave their students with a picture of modern biology that is essentially unrelated to the way that science is actually practiced". Discovery Institute The Discovery Institute ( DI )

4408-408: The local economy. Local businesses were affected as the sudden stop of loans limited progression of expansion and renewal funds for maintenance, leading to foreclosures. Families across the city experienced the fallout of economic depression as breadwinners sought to provide for their families. Shanty-town politics began to develop as the destitute needed some form of leadership to keep the peace. At

4484-567: The neighboring McKinley and Hilltop areas were evicted. Collecting scraps of metal and wood from local lumber stores and recycling centers, families began building shanties (shacks) for shelter. By 1934, alcoholism and suicide were a common event in the Hooverville that eventually led to its nickname of "Hollywood on the Tide Flats", because of the Hollywood -style crimes and events taking place in

4560-435: The pandemic, Tacoma's crime started to rise again. In 2022, the city of Tacoma had the highest number of murders in its recorded history, at 45 murders, which dropped to 34 in 2023. The government of the city of Tacoma operates under a council-manager system. The city council consists of an elected mayor ( Victoria Woodards ) and eight elected council members: five from individual city council districts and three others from

4636-420: The population (8.1% Mexican, 1.1% Puerto Rican). There were 78,541 households, of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.8% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no spouse present, 5.6% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 41.8% were other families. 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who

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4712-512: The process of discovery, deliberation, and argument that scientists use to form their theories. " Explore Evolution brings to the classroom data and debates that already are raised regularly by scientists in their science journals," emphasized science education policy analyst Casey Luskin, M.S. , J.D. “Exposure to these real-world scientific debates will make the study of evolution more interesting to students, and it will train them to be better scientists by encouraging them to actually practice

4788-438: The teaching of evolution by providing teachers and students with more information about evolution than they are likely to find in any other textbook written at the same level." The Discovery Institute claims that the book Explore Evolution encourages critical thinking – a claim challenged by the National Centre for Science Education: Explore Evolution promotes inquiry-based learning, encouraging students to participate in

4864-494: The use of IBL in the sciences", making the analogy that teaching gravity in this manner would lead students to the conclusion that "the force of gravity is random or unmeasurable". He also summarises the book's use of classic creationist arguments, noting that the book maintains "plausible deniability" by not explicitly mentioning either creationism or intelligent design . He also criticises the book for "logical inconsistencies" in its argument and its "divide and conquer" approach to

4940-594: The western terminus of the Northern Pacific Railroad due to lobbying by McCarver, future mayor John Wilson Sprague , and others. However, the railroad built its depot in New Tacoma , two miles (3 km) south of the Carr–McCarver development. The two communities grew together and joined, merging on January 7, 1884. The transcontinental link was effected in 1887, and the population grew from 1,098 in 1880 to 36,006 in 1890. Rudyard Kipling visited Tacoma in 1889 and said it

5016-430: Was "literally staggering under a boom of the boomiest". George Francis Train was a resident for a few years in the late 19th century. In 1890, he staged a global circumnavigation starting and ending in Tacoma to promote the city. A plaque in downtown Tacoma marks the start and finish line. In November 1885, white citizens led by then-mayor Jacob Weisbach expelled several hundred Chinese residents peacefully living in

5092-602: Was 219,346 at the time of the 2020 census . Tacoma is the second-largest city in the Puget Sound area and the third-most populous in the state. Tacoma also serves as the center of business activity for the South Sound region, which has a population of about 1 million. Tacoma adopted its name after the nearby Mount Rainier , called təˡqʷuʔbəʔ in the Puget Sound Salish dialect, and “Takhoma” in an anglicized version. It

5168-595: Was 3,864.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,492.2/km ). There were 81,102 housing units at an average density of 1,619.4 per square mile (625.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 64.9% White (60.5% Non-Hispanic White ), 12.2% African American , 8.2% Asian (2.1% Vietnamese, 1.6% Cambodian, 1.3% Korean, 1.3% Filipino, 0.4% Chinese, 0.4% Japanese, 0.2% Indian, 0.2% Laotian, 0.1% Thai), 1.8% Native American , 1.2% Pacific Islander (0.7% Samoan, 0.2% Guamanian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian), and 8.1% were from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 11.3% of

5244-494: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.10. The median age in the city was 35.1 years. 23% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 25.3% were from 45 to 64; and 11.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 193,556 people, 76,152 households, and 45,919 families residing in

5320-552: Was active between 2006 and 2008, held a "Doctors Doubting Darwin" rally at the University of South Florida 's Sun Dome in September 2006. Attendance was estimated at 3,500 to 4,000 people by a local reporter. Apologetic organizations promoting the event had hoped to fill all 7,700 seats in the Sun Dome. This meeting featured the Discovery Institute's Jonathan Wells and fellow Michael Behe , and received local radio coverage. This rally

5396-521: Was also the first of its kind in the Pacific Northwest The first film produced in Tacoma was Hearts and Fists , which starred John Bowers and premiered at Tacoma's Rialto Theater . The studio's importance has undergone a revival with the discovery of one of its most famous lost films, Eyes of the Totem . In 1932, the studios burned to the ground in a mysterious fire, and the production facility

5472-874: Was completed in late 2011 near the Tacoma Dome . The Pantages Theater (first opened in 1918) anchors downtown Tacoma's Theatre District. Tacoma Arts Live manages the Pantages, the Rialto Theater, and the Theatre on the Square. Tacoma Little Theatre (opened in 1918) is northwest of downtown in the Stadium District. Other attractions include the Grand Cinema, McMenamins Elks Temple, and the Landmark Temple Theatre. Tacoma

5548-559: Was incorporated in 1991. Discovery Institute Press is the institute's publishing arm and has published intelligent design books by its fellows including David Berlinski 's Deniable Darwin & Other Essays (2010), Jonathan Wells' The Myth of Junk DNA (2011) and an edited volume titled Signature Of Controversy , which contains apologetics in defense of the institute's Center for Science and Culture director Stephen C. Meyer . The Physicians and Surgeons for Scientific Integrity (PSSI), formally registered as PSSI International Inc. ,

5624-471: Was never rebuilt. Several films were destroyed in the fire as old nitrate-based film did not survive. The 1929 crash of the stock market, resulting in the Great Depression , was only the first event in a series of misfortunes to hit Tacoma in the winter of 1929–30. In one of the coldest winters on record, Tacoma experienced mass power outages and eventually the shutdown of major power supply dams, leaving

5700-496: Was opposed by the Florida Citizens for Science. Teach the Controversy is a campaign conducted by the Discovery Institute to promote the pseudoscientific principle of intelligent design , a variant of traditional creationism , while attempting to discredit the teaching of evolution in United States public high school science courses. The scientific community and science education organizations have replied that there

5776-438: Was put forth in a Discovery Institute manifesto known as the "Wedge Document". Its goal is to change American culture by shaping public policy to reflect politically conservative, fundamentalist, evangelical Protestant values. The wedge metaphor is attributed to Phillip E. Johnson and depicts a metal wedge splitting a log. In Why Evolution Works (and Creationism Fails) the authors wrote "Although its religious orientation

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