71-558: Penryn – 70 acres (28 ha) The University of Exeter is a research university in the West Country of England , with its main campus in Exeter , Devon . Its predecessor institutions, St Luke's College , Exeter School of Science , Exeter School of Art , and the Camborne School of Mines were established in 1838, 1855, 1863, and 1888 respectively. These institutions later formed
142-572: A 400-seat auditorium, a student services centre, learning spaces and retail facilities. The Forum is located at the centre of the Streatham Campus and features the refurbished main library, the Great Hall and the area between it. Designed as a glass structure of modernist design, The Forum also acts as the university reception area. The Forum was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 2 May 2012. The Forum's structural engineers, Buro Happold , won
213-441: A broad range of disciplines, perform strongly in league tables, and function with similar quantities of financial resources. The Centre for Maritime Historical Studies was formed in 1991 to promote a wider understanding of the significance of maritime history within the world of historical scholarship. Some of the supported programmes are: The university coat of arms symbolises the university's historical associations with
284-453: A female to male ratio of 55:45. Exeter was in the first group of UK universities to require an A*grade in A-level examinations as part of its standard offer for entry into some undergraduate courses. The Undergraduate Prospectus 2013 lists ten-degree programmes that require at least one A*grade as part of the conditional standard offer, including Economics, English, History, and Mathematics. In
355-483: A large amount of its heritage. A large proportion of its buildings date from Tudor , Jacobean and Georgian times; the town has therefore been designated as an important conservation area. The local museum is housed in Penryn Town Hall . The town hall building is partly 17th century and partly 19th century in date; its clock tower is dated 1839. Penryn has seen some redevelopment in the early 21st century, with
426-470: A racehorse owner. Singer was joint-master of the South Devon Hunt between 1897 and 1901, and then sole master until 1907. A Thoroughbred horse racing enthusiast, he won the 1905 St. Leger Stakes with the colt Challacombe, trained by Alec Taylor, Jr. and the 1932 2,000 Guineas with Orwell . The Washington Singer Stakes race at Newbury Racecourse is named in his honour. He was elected to
497-694: A religious college, called Glasney College , was built in Penryn for the Bishop of Exeter to develop the church's influence in the far west of the diocese. In 1374, the chapel of St Thomas (sometimes called St Mary's) was opened. Standing at the head of the Penryn River, Penryn occupies a sheltered position and was a port of some significance in the 15th century. After the Dissolution of the Monasteries by King Henry VIII and
568-625: Is Charles III . The university organises its academic and administrative departments into six academic colleges. Each college contains a number of subject disciplines, institutes and research centres. The colleges are led by a dean who works in partnership with a college manager and is supported by two associate deans, one for research and knowledge transfer and one for education. The university annually measures its performance relative to another ten peer universities which includes Durham , St Andrews , UCL and Warwick . The universities are chosen because, like Exeter, they are research-intensive, offer
639-607: Is based in the centre of Falmouth. In 2007, phase two was completed, which includes increased student accommodation and new teaching areas. There are currently two schools in Penryn: Penryn railway station was opened by the Cornwall Railway on 24 August 1863. It is towards the northwest end of the town and is served by regular trains from Truro to Falmouth on the Maritime Line . There are several bus routes that connect
710-860: Is based in three buildings on the Streatham Campus: Geoffrey Pope, the Henry Wellcome building for Biocatalysis and the Hatherly Laboratories. The department has recently received significant investment to further develop its facilities, particularly with improvements to the Geoffrey Pope building. On the Streatham Campus , the Business School is spread over three buildings, located in close proximity to each other: Building:One, Xfi Building and Streatham Court. Building:One houses
781-597: Is primarily located in the city of Exeter, where it is the principal higher education institution. Streatham is the largest campus containing many of the university's administrative buildings. The Penryn campus is maintained in conjunction with Falmouth University under the Combined Universities in Cornwall (CUC) initiative. The Exeter Streatham Campus Library holds more than 1.2 million physical library resources, including historical journals and special collections. It
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#1733093350795852-596: Is still situated on St. Luke's Campus. UEMS was re-branded as the College of Medicine & Health in 2019. The Penryn Campus is a campus of the university in Penryn, Cornwall . The campus is part of the Combined Universities in Cornwall project, and is shared with Falmouth University . University of Exeter departments on the site include the internationally renowned Camborne School of Mines , whose graduates are highly sought after by mining and civil engineering industries as well as
923-459: Is symbolised by the book with gold edges and a Latin motto, Lucem sequimur ("We follow the light"). Exeter had the 13th highest average entry qualification for undergraduates of any UK university in 2015, with new students averaging 471 UCAS points . The university gives offers of admission to 90.8% of its applicants, the 2nd highest amongst the Russell Group . In the 2018/19 admission cycle,
994-591: Is that of the Institute of Cornish Studies, directed by Dr Garry Tregidga . It seeks to promote a greater knowledge of historical and contemporary Cornwall with a particular emphasis on the use of oral history through the Cornish Audio Visual Archive (CAVA) which is based at the institute. Cornwall Council is building the Tremough Innovation Centre (TIC) on land adjacent to the campus, with
1065-617: Is the chief ceremonial officer of the university and presides over occasions such as degree ceremonies. The vice-chancellor is the chief academic and executive officer and is supported by four deputy vice-chancellors. The current chancellor is Sir Michael Barber , who succeeded Paul Myners at the start of 2022. The vice-chancellor and president is Professor Lisa Roberts who joined the University as vice-chancellor in September 2020, following Sir Steve Smith's retirement. The university's visitor
1136-485: Is the only specialist centre in Europe dedicated to scholarship in leadership studies. Penryn, Cornwall Penryn ( / p ɛ n ˈ r ɪ n / ; Cornish : Pennrynn , meaning 'promontory') is a civil parish and town in west Cornwall , England, United Kingdom. It is on the Penryn River about 1 mile (1.6 km) northwest of Falmouth . The population was 7,166 in the 2001 census and had been reduced to 6,812 in
1207-574: The Times Higher Education World University Rankings Top 200 world universities for the first time in 2010/2011 (in 184th place), Exeter increased its global standing in 2011/2012, by ranking in 156th place. In the 2015/16 Times Higher Education World University Rankings , Exeter placed 93rd. Exeter was ranked 34th on the annual list of the top 500 major universities worldwide in the Leiden Rankings (2015). In
1278-833: The Great Exhibition of 1851 , Exeter School of Art in 1855 and the Exeter School of Science in 1863 were founded. In 1868, the Schools of Art and Science relocated to Royal Albert Memorial Museum in Queen Street, Exeter, and, with support from the University of Cambridge , became the Exeter Technical and University Extension College in 1893. In 1900 its official title was changed to the Royal Albert Memorial College and
1349-1006: The Jockey Club in July 1921. He became a benefactor of a number of causes and was a substantial donor to the University College of the Southwest of England , which later became the University of Exeter . One of the university's buildings, which is home to the Department of Psychology, is named in his honour. Singer lived at Steartfield House, Paignton (now the Palace Hotel). He married his first wife, Blanche Wills-Hale, in 1887. On 21 July 1915 he married Ellen Mary Longsdon, widow of Alfred Allen Longsdon, who had been drowned at Le Havre while driving his ambulance earlier that year. On 25 July 1927 they adopted Mary's youngest son, Grant Allen (Longsdon), in
1420-544: The disestablishing of the Roman Catholic church, Glasney College was dissolved and demolished in 1548 during the brief reign of Edward VI , the first Protestant Duke of Cornwall and afterwards King of England. The dissolution of Glasney College helped trigger the Prayer Book Rebellion of 1549. From 1554, Penryn held a parliamentary constituency , which became Penryn and Falmouth in 1832. The constituency
1491-587: The renewable energy sector. Other departments at Penryn include the rapidly growing Centre for Ecology and Conservation (CEC), the Environment and Sustainability Institute (ESI), and the Institute of Cornish Studies . Built in 2015, the Business School is based in the SERSF Building on our Penryn Campus. The building features a specially designed area for business engagement called 'The Collaboratory', and hosts
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#17330933507951562-556: The "Ram" and a bar (previously called the "Ewe") within a nightclub called the Lemon Grove (or "Lemmy"), both run by the University of Exeter, formerly run by the Students Guild. The campus hosts a medical centre, a counselling service, a children's day-care centre and numerous catering outlets. Many halls of residence and some self-catering accommodation are located on this campus or in the near vicinity. The Northcott Theatre resides on
1633-544: The 1,500-capacity Kernick Road ground. The club is a member of the South West Peninsula League Division One West , which is a step 7 league in the national league system . In 2021, Penryn-based Cornwall R.L.F.C. joined the third tier of professional Rugby league , RFL League 1 . The English Shinty Association is based in Penryn. Penryn hosted Cornish wrestling tournaments over the centuries. Places where tournaments were held include
1704-430: The 2011 census, a drop of more than 300 people across the ten-year time gap. There are two electoral wards covering Penryn: 'Penryn East and Mylor ' and 'Penryn West'. The total population of both wards in the 2011 census was 9,790. Though now the town is overshadowed by the larger nearby town of Falmouth, Penryn was once an important harbour in its own right, lading granite and tin to be shipped to other parts of
1775-400: The 2013 Institution of Structural Engineers award for Education or Healthcare structures for the project. In 2017, the £52 million Living Systems Institute was opened to pioneer research into living systems and the diagnosis and treatment of disease. St Luke's Campus is just over a mile from the larger Streatham campus and ten minutes' walk from the centre of Exeter. The campus is home to
1846-674: The Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020 Subject Rankings, Exeter University ranked 11th in the world for public administration. In the QS World University Subject Rankings 2020, Exeter ranked 10th in the world for sport and health sciences and 14th for engineering in minerals and Mining. The university was named the Sunday Times University of the Year 2013. It was named Times Higher Education University of
1917-588: The Bowling Green, Parkengue and the Glasney playing field. The policing of the area is the responsibility of Devon and Cornwall Police who have a dedicated team to cover the area known as the Penryn & Mylor Local Policing Team. Washington Singer Washington Merritt Grant Singer (1866–1934) was an American-born British heir, philanthropist and prominent racehorse owner. Born in Yonkers, New York he
1988-525: The Business School's MBA suite, La Touche café and several modern lecture theatres and seminar rooms. The Xfi Building is home to the school's Bloomberg Suite, a specialist IT room for detailed financial market data, and next to this is the Student IT Suite, also equipped with specialist software. Streatham Court is where you will find the Business School's Career Zone and Study Abroad Team, as well as
2059-686: The Council of the College to buy a major portion of the Streatham Estate. A slow move to the Streatham Estate from the centre of the city occurred over time. The first new building erected on the Streatham Estate was the Washington Singer building; the foundation stone was laid by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII ), then President of the University College of the South West of England. The building
2130-642: The Gulf States made it possible to build a new university library in 1983 and more recently have allowed for the creation of a new Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies; as of 2017, Sheikh Dr Sultan bin Muhammad al-Qasimi , the ruler of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates – had given more than £8 million to Exeter University, and was described by the university as its "single most important supporter" in its 2007 annual report. A further major donation enabled
2201-572: The Peninsula Medical School, created the Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry. St Luke's campus is the main site for the University of Exeter Medical School, which accepted its first students in 2013. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Cornwall was among the most significant metalliferous mining regions in the world. Camborne School of Mines was founded in 1888 to meet the needs of this local industry. Camborne School of Mines
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2272-744: The Streatham estate as well as halls of residence for around 1,000 students. These included homes for the Chemistry and Physics departments, the Newman, Laver and Engineering Buildings and Streatham Court. Queen's Building had been opened for the Arts Faculty in 1959 and the Amory Building, housing Law and Social Sciences, followed in 1974. In the following two decades, considerable investment was made in developing new self-catering accommodation for students. Gifts from
2343-583: The University of Exeter after receiving its royal charter in 1955. In post-nominals , the University of Exeter is abbreviated as Exon. (from the Latin Exoniensis ), and is the suffix given to honorary and academic degrees from the university. The university has four campuses: Streatham and St Luke's (both of which are in Exeter); and Truro and Penryn (both of which are in Cornwall ). The university
2414-471: The University of Exeter and received its royal charter in 1955, exactly one hundred years after the formation of the original Exeter School of Art . Queen Elizabeth II presented the charter to the university on a visit to Streatham the following year. The university underwent a period of considerable expansion in the 1960s. Between 1963 and 1968, a period when the number of students at Exeter almost doubled, no fewer than ten major buildings were completed on
2485-680: The Year 2007. There are approximately 70 research centres and institutes within the university, including the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, the Bill Douglas Cinema Museum , the Institute of Cornish Studies , the Environment and Sustainability Institute and the Marchmont Observatory . The Centre for Leadership Studies , now part of the University of Exeter Business School , was established in 1997 as an institute for research and advanced study into leadership theory. It
2556-493: The aim of enabling existing and start-up companies to grow and thrive. The governance framework of the university is in its royal charter which was granted in 1955. The council is the university's governing body, with responsibility for institutional policies and financial, estates and legal matters. Academic governance is provided by the Senate which is responsible for teaching and learning, examinations and research. The chancellor
2627-463: The campus. In the early 2000s, the university benefited from an investment program worth more than £235 million. New student accommodation was constructed, including Holland Hall, named after the former vice-chancellor of the same name. Sports facilities, including a professional-standard tennis centre, have been completed in addition to an upgrade of the Students' Guild building. After a donation from
2698-577: The college moved to Bradninch Place in Gandy Street. The college was again renamed to the University College of the South West of England in 1922 after the college was incorporated under the Companies Act and included on the list of institutions eligible to receive funds from the then University Grants Committee . As was customary for new university institutions in England in the 19th and early 20th centuries,
2769-400: The college prepared students for external degrees of the University of London . Alderman W. H. Reed, a former mayor of Exeter , donated Streatham Hall on the Streatham Estate to the new University College in 1922. Streatham Hall was renamed to Reed Hall after its benefactor. At the same time, the first principal of the University College, later Sir Hector Hetherington (1920–24), persuaded
2840-631: The completion of the Xfi Centre for Finance and Investment . Since 2009, significant further investment has been made into new student accommodation, new buildings in The Exeter Business School , and the Forum: a new development for the centre of Streatham Campus. In 1838, the Exeter Diocesan Board of Education resolved to found an institution for the education and training of schoolmasters,
2911-457: The construction of mixed-use development Jubilee Wharf in 2007, and the renovation of former storage unit Jubilee Warehouse as a workspace. In 2022, a public consultation was held at The Fish Factory on a proposed regeneration scheme for Commercial Road. The scheme aims to prioritise pedestrian traffic, through widened pavements and development of new public space. In 2004, the Penryn Campus
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2982-514: The country and world during the medieval period. The ancient town first appears in the Domesday Book under the name of "Trelivel", and was since founded and named Penryn in 1216 by the Bishop of Exeter . The borough was enfranchised and its Charter of Incorporation was made in 1236. The contents of this Charter were embodied in a confirmation by Bishop Walter Bronescombe in the year 1259. In 1265,
3053-494: The development and research sectors. A base for 55 firms in the city, the centre houses high-tech businesses from the software and biomedical sectors to advanced manufacturing and internet firms. The Innovation Centre is host to some of the most upwardly mobile small firms in the country, according to Experian in a report commissioned by the BBC . As a result of a £48 million investment, The Forum building includes new facilities including
3124-469: The end of its route in nearby Falmouth, but in 1994 was diverted around the town when the Penryn Bypass was opened, incorporating a stretch of new road along with upgrading to an existing road. The town is the setting of the play The Penryn Tragedy , which tells of a young man unwittingly murdered by his parents after disguising himself as a rich stranger. Today, Penryn is a quiet town and has retained
3195-418: The first such initiative in England. As a result, a year later, the Exeter Diocesan Training College was created in Cathedral Close, Exeter at the former house of the Archdeacon of Totnes, adjacent to Exeter Cathedral . The first principal was appointed and the college opened in 1840. Expansion followed, and in 1853, John Hayward (who was later responsible for the design of the Royal Albert Memorial Museum )
3266-434: The institution for 2022–23 was £633.5 million of which £118.7 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £604.0 million. The university's origins can be traced back to three separate educational institutions that existed in the city of Exeter and in Cornwall in the middle of the 19th century. To celebrate the educational and scientific work of Prince Albert, and inspired by
3337-405: The largest academic school of the university, the Graduate School of Education. It shares the campus with the Department of Sport and Health Sciences. The future of St. Luke's Campus was the subject of a feasibility study in 2007, and a proposal was considered by the university to relocate one of the departments to the Streatham Campus to facilitate future expansion at St. Luke's. A final decision
3408-401: The local newspaper, Falmouth Packet . Penryn RFC , founded in 1872, is a rugby union club which plays in the Tribute Western Counties West league, the seventh tier of the English rugby union league system . They are nicknamed "The Borough" and are the oldest rugby club in Cornwall. Penryn Athletic (founded 1963; also known as "The Borough") is a non-League football club who play at
3479-438: The locality. The triangular gold castle with three towers comes from Exeter's coat of arms and represents Rougemont Castle , as alluded to by the red background. The 15 gold bezants (Byzantine gold coins) that appear around the edge of the shield are from the arms of the Duchy of Cornwall and represent Cornwall , while the green cross on the white background is from the city of Plymouth 's coat of arms. The theme of learning
3550-443: The main rankings of universities in the United Kingdom the university is currently placed between 11th and 18th. In The Sunday Times 10-year (1998–2007) average ranking of British universities based on consistent league table performance, Exeter was ranked joint 26th overall in the UK. For 2016, it climbed to 7th place in the UK by The Times , 9th place by The Guardian and 10th place by The Complete University Guide. Entering
3621-426: The name of Grant Allen Singer (1915–1942). He was Sheriff of Wiltshire in 1924. In 1903, Singer purchased Norman Court, West Tytherley , Hampshire, an 18th-century country house with a 20,000-acre (81 km ) estate that included the Hampshire parishes of Buckholt and Frenchmoor , and in Wiltshire the village of West Dean and parts of Farley and Pitton . The estate was inherited by his son Grant, who
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#17330933507953692-511: The new BSc Business and Environment course. The campus is set in 100 acres (40 ha) of countryside, but close to the towns of Penryn and Falmouth . The campus has a population of around 4,000 students. All the Cornwall departments are constitutionally parts of departments also represented at the University's Exeter campuses, including the Camborne School of Mines, which is part of the College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences. A driving force behind Cornish concentrated research
3763-435: The new town of Falmouth as a direct result of supporting the Parliamentary side in the English Civil War (1642–48). In the early 19th century, granite works were established by the river and large quantities of the stone were shipped from its quays for construction projects both within the UK and abroad. The A39 road , which begins in Bath and is about 200 miles (320 km) long, once passed through Penryn towards
3834-442: The ruler of the Sharjah emirate , Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi , an alumnus of the university, an extension was added to the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies building. He has donated more than £5m since 2001. In 2006, the Department of Drama completed a major renovation with the construction of the state of the art Alexander Building, named after the university's former Chancellor Lord Alexander . The Department of Biosciences
3905-420: The specialist Finance and Economics Experimental Laboratory at Exeter (FEELE), and high capacity, recently refurbished teaching rooms. The Exeter Innovation Centre, based at the Streatham Campus, has been completed in two phases. Phase I of the Innovation Centre was finished in 2000 with Phase II opening in 2008, creating a 37,000 sq ft (3,400 m) building for use by new and growing businesses within
3976-403: The town to Falmouth, Helston and Penzance. Local TV coverage is provided by BBC South West and ITV West Country . Television signals are received from the Redruth and local relay TV transmitters. Local radio stations are BBC Radio Cornwall on 103.9 FM, Heart West on 107.0 FM, and Source FM , a community based station which broadcast to the town on 96.1 FM. The town is served by
4047-442: The university gave out offers to only 4.7% of international applicants to the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of surgery (BMBS) programme making it one of the most competitive medical school for international applicants in the UK; in comparison 24.7% of UK/EU applicants received offers in the same admission cycle. In the 2016–17 academic year, the university had a domicile breakdown of 75:6:19 of UK:EU:non-EU students respectively with
4118-401: The university's new Cornwall Campus opened. Streatham is the main campus, sitting on a hillside one side of which looks down across Exeter city centre. The Independent has described the campus environment as "sublime". The campus has several galleries, including the Bill Douglas Cinema Museum . A Sculpture Walk includes pieces by Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth . There is a bar called
4189-496: Was 40 students. In parallel, at the Royal Albert Memorial College , an initiative within the Arts and Sciences department in 1912 eventually led to the formation of an Institute of Education (of which St Luke's College was a constituent member) and a separate department of Extra Mural Studies for the purposes of teacher training. Exeter Diocesan Training College was formally renamed to St Luke's College Exeter in 1930 and became co-educational in 1966. In 1978, St Luke's College Exeter
4260-426: Was abolished in 1950, Penryn becoming part of the Falmouth and Camborne constituency. It received a royal charter as a borough in 1621, mainly in a bid by the crown to cure the town of piracy. At least three mayors of Penryn were convicted of piracy between 1550 and 1650. The arms of the borough of Penryn were a Saracen's head Or in a bordure of eight bezants. The merchant traveller and writer Peter Mundy (c.1600–67)
4331-455: Was commissioned to design a purpose built premises for the college on Heavitree Road. The building, largely built in grey limestone from Torbay with Bath Stone dressings, was completed by the autumn of the following year. On 18 October 1854, after a service in Exeter Cathedral , an opening ceremony for the new buildings was held. From this date in 1854 (St Luke's Day), the college was unofficially known as St Luke's. The college's intake in 1854
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#17330933507954402-404: Was completed, creating the hub of the Combined Universities in Cornwall (CUC) project. It includes the University of Exeter housing the 6th best Ecology Department in the world and Camborne School of Mines , which has moved from Camborne , where it has been for over a century, among other departments of the University of Exeter. The Campus also houses departments of Falmouth University , which
4473-433: Was incorporated into the University of Exeter. Initiatives by the university and others to expand the provision of higher education in Cornwall resulted in the Combined Universities in Cornwall (CUC) initiative in 1999. As part of this initiative, Penryn , just outside Falmouth , became the site of the Penryn Campus, a facility shared with Falmouth University . Camborne School of Mines relocated to Penryn during 2004 when
4544-445: Was incorporated into the University of Exeter. A faculty was created incorporating the university's Institute of Education and St Luke's College Exeter into a new School of Education. The Peninsula Medical School was established in 2000 in conjunction with the University of Plymouth and the National Health Service , based at St Luke's and the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital . The School of Dentistry opened in 2007 and, together with
4615-454: Was killed in action during World War II at the 1942 Second Battle of El Alamein while serving with the Royal Armoured Corps , 10th Royal Hussars . Sold by his widow in 1952, Norman Court was the home of the private Norman Court Preparatory School from 1955 until 2012. In 2021 Norman Court reopened as a training and educational centre. Norman Court training and Education Centre . From 2013-2019 it has housed Montessori school . The building
4686-514: Was located in the centre of Camborne for almost a century but, following major investment by the international mining industry and others, relocated in 1975 to purpose-built facilities midway between Camborne and Redruth . Significant expansion and diversification of teaching and research provision occurred during the 1980s and early 1990s, including the development of undergraduate and taught postgraduate degree programmes in geology, environmental science and surveying. In 1993, Camborne School of Mines
4757-451: Was one of the pre-World War II local university colleges granted university status in the 1950s, as part of the second wave of civic universities . In 2012, Exeter joined the Russell Group of research-intensive UK universities. It is also a member of Universities UK , the European University Association , and the Association of Commonwealth Universities and an accredited institution of the Association of MBAs (AMBA). The annual income of
4828-412: Was opened in 1931. The first of the purpose-built halls of residence, Mardon Hall, opened in 1933. The second academic building on the estate was the Roborough Library named in recognition of the interest taken in the development of the college by the first Lord Roborough , one of its early benefactors. Roborough Library was completed around 1939. The University College of the South West of England became
4899-401: Was taken by the university management team in July 2007, with the Graduate School of Education, the Department of Sport and Health Sciences, and the Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry remaining in residence at St. Luke's. The Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry has now split into the University of Exeter Medical School (UEMS) and the University of Plymouth Medical School. UEMS
4970-458: Was the son of a Penryn pilchard trader and travelled extensively throughout his life in Asia (where he was one of the first Europeans to taste Chaa ), Russia and Europe before returning to Penryn to write his Itinerarium Mundi ('World Itinerary'); one of the earliest travel guides in English. By the mid-17th century, the port was thriving from trade in Cornish fish, tin and copper . However, Penryn lost its custom house and market rights to
5041-477: Was the third child of Isabella Eugenie Boyer and sewing machine magnate, Isaac Singer . The family moved to England when Washington Singer was still a child. He was raised at Oldway Mansion at Paignton on the Devon coast. After he received his inheritance upon his father's death, he originally planned to run a ranch in the American West, but after spending time hunting in Devonshire with his brother, Mortimer Singer , he decided to stay in England and become
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