The European Alert System (sometimes referred to as the European Alarm System or European Warning System ) is an earthquake warning system for member states of the Council of Europe 's EUR-OPA Major Hazards Agreement .
31-798: Seismic alerts are provided by the European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC), an international, non-governmental, and non-profit association based at the Laboratoire de Détection et de Géophysique (LDG) of the French Atomic Energy Commission ( Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique – CEA) in Bruyères-le-Châtel ( Essonne , France). Until 1993, the EMSC was based in Strasbourg . The EMSC's main area of competence
62-483: A Smart UTM Design is drafted in alignment with the U-Space concept, which describes a framework for a progressive implementation of services to "enable complex drone operations with a high degree of automation to take place in all types of operational environments, including urban areas". Subsequently, specific microservices will be prototyped and laboratory scale tested in a server-less cloud-based environment. On behalf of
93-525: A magnitude larger than 6.0 on the Richter scale in any of the states of the Partial Agreement , indicating the localization of the epicentre of the seism and its magnitude. The EUR-OPA secretariat undertakes to confirm the data with the affected state(s) and ask for their needs, which if necessary are communicated to other member states. The Council of Europe does not provide humanitarian aid itself. This
124-535: A safe and efficient integration of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in very low level airspace. As a result, technologically and commercially feasible service solutions are elaborated and deployed in an experimental testing environment. The expected growth of future UAS movements in rural as well as urban areas indicates the need for traffic management solutions, ensuring a normal course of trouble free operations of manned as well as unmanned aviation. IMPETUS contributes by investigating potential microservices that serve
155-498: A scalable, flexible and cost efficient system, IMPETUS proposes the application of the Function as a Service paradigm and Smart Concepts. Concurrently, data quality and integrity is taken into account to guarantee a safe conduct of all operations. To fulfil these purposes, the project started to characterize data processes and services of vital importance for drone operations. Following the requirements derived from this preliminary studies,
186-523: Is a Horizon 2020 (FP8) project, aimed to support the implementation of the EC and ERC Open Access policies. Its successor OpenAIREplus is aimed at linking the aggregated research publications to the accompanying research and project information, datasets and author information. Open access to scientific peer reviewed publications has evolved from a pilot project with limited scope in FP7 to an underlying principle in
217-437: Is an international, non-governmental and not-for-profit organisation . The European-Mediterranean region is prone to destructive earthquakes. When an earthquake occurs, a scientific organisation is needed to determine, as quickly as possible, the characteristics of the seismic event. The European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC) receives seismological data from more than 65 national seismological agencies, mostly in
248-520: Is considered as "partly associated" due to the 2014 referendums held by Switzerland, which free movement of workers between Switzerland and the EU was limited. Swiss organizations continue to be active participants in Horizon 2020, however, their participation is sometimes covered by national funding. Israel is an associated country of Horizon 2020. A central point of negotiation was the funding of projects beyond
279-566: Is implemented by the European Commission , the executive body of the European Union . More specifically, it is implemented by various agencies, including: Associated countries have signed an association agreement for the purposes of this framework programme. To date, 14 countries are associated to Horizon 2020. Participants from European Union member states and countries associated to Horizon 2020 are automatically funded. Switzerland
310-824: Is provided by organisations such as the European Commission and UNOCHA . The alert was triggered for 19 events in 2006, notably the M w 6.7 in Greece on 8 January 2006 and 18 events in the Extreme-Eastern Russia (10 events in the Kuril Islands , 5 in the Koryakia region (North of Kamchatka Peninsula) and 3 in or near the Kamchatka Peninsula ). European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre The European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre ( EMSC ; French : Centre Sismologique Euro-Méditerranéen , CSEM )
341-785: Is the following: The competent region also includes, as far as possible, territories of member states of the EUR-OPA Major Hazards Agreement which fall outside these boundaries. The EMSC's Coordination Bureau is responsible for informing the Secretariat of the EUR-OPA Major Hazards Agreement about any major event in the European-Mediterranean region. It disseminates a notification to the Council of Europe less than an hour after an earthquake occurrence with
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#1733084748681372-552: Is to complete the European Research Area (ERA) by coordinating national research policies and pooling research funding in some areas to avoid duplication. Horizon 2020 itself is seen as a policy instrument to implement other high-level policy initiatives of the European Union, such as Europe 2020 and Innovation Union. The programme consists of three main research areas that are called "pillars": The structure follows
403-550: The Austrian Research Promotion Agency launched a petition calling for a simplification of administrative procedures, which attracted over 13,000 signatories. The numerous other criticisms of the petitioners were later distilled into a green paper . In Horizon 2020 , there are significant simplifications: e.g. fewer funding rates (increasing the funding rates of the large companies), less reporting, less auditing, shorter time from proposal to project kick-off. In
434-614: The European Commission on the overall strategy to be followed in carrying out the Information and Communication Technology thematic priority, the Information Society Technologies Advisory Group (ISTAG) was set up. The framework programmes, up until Framework Programme 6 (FP6), covered five-year periods; but from Framework Programme 7 (FP7) onward, programmes run for seven years. The Framework Programmes, and their budgets in billions of Euros, are presented in
465-449: The European Union / European Commission to support and foster research in the European Research Area (ERA). Starting in 2014, the funding programmes were named Horizon . The funding programmes began in 1984 and continue to the present day. The most recent programme, Horizon Europe , has a budget of 95.5 billion Euros to be distributed over 7 years. The specific objectives and actions vary between funding periods. In FP6 and FP7, focus
496-498: The Green Line . Israel published its views in an Appendix to the official documents. Armenia gained the status of associated country and Armenian researchers and organizations can participate in all Horizon programs on equal footing with EU member states. IMPETUS ( I nformation M anagement P ortal to E nable the in T egration of U nmanned S ystems) is addressing the scientific analysis of information management requirements for
527-564: The SESAR Joint Undertaking , IMPETUS is carried out from 2017 to 2019 by a multinational consortium of key stakeholders in unmanned aviation: Altitude Angel (UK), Boeing Research and Technology Europe (ES), C-Astral (SI), CRIDA (ES), INECO (ES), Jeppesen (DE) and the Technical University of Darmstadt (DE). A network of Open Access repositories, archives and journals that support Open Access policies. The OpenAIRE Consortium
558-464: The EMSC are: EMSC has developed a new approach based on internet traffic analysis: when an earthquake occurs, witnesses rush on the EMSC website to look for further explanation of the event. Therefore, they create a surge in the website traffic which can indicate that an earthquake just occurred, even before receiving data provided by national seismological institutes. By identifying the geographical origin of
589-482: The Euro-Mediterranean region. The most relevant earthquake parameters, such as the earthquake location and the earthquake magnitude , and the shaking felt by the population are available within one hour from the earthquake onset. The European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC) is a not-for-profit organisation with 84 member institutes from 55 different countries. The centre was established in 1975 under
620-576: The European Union was explicitly encouraged. Participants from European Union member states and countries associated to Horizon 2020 were automatically fundable. Horizon 2020 supported open access to research results. Projects such as the European Processor Initiative , or the Exscalate4Cov project, were beneficiaries of Horizon 2020. Horizon 2020 has been succeeded by Horizon Europe in 2021. The framework programme's objective
651-557: The Horizon 2020 funding scheme, obligatory for all H2020 funded projects. The goal is to make as much European funded research output as possible available to all, via the OpenAIRE portal. The Zenodo research data repository is a product of OpenAIRE. The OpenAIRE portal is online. The programmes have been criticized on various grounds, such as actually diminishing Europe's industrial competitiveness and failing to deliver fundamental excellence and global economic competitiveness. In 2010,
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#1733084748681682-650: The Laboratoire de Détection et de Géophysique (LDG) within the Département Analyse, Surveillance, Environnement (DASE) of the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), in Bruyères-le-Châtel (Essonne, France). As an international, non-governmental and non-profit organisation, the EMSC also focuses on promoting seismological research within and beyond its community. Hence, the EMSC is involved in many European (FP7 and H2020) projects: FP7 projects: H2020 projects : Other projects: The main scientific objectives of
713-462: The airspace user's needs in all phases of the operation life cycle, from strategical planning over pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight data provision. Since information management is an infrastructural prerequisite of future unmanned traffic systems, the results support the European goal to gain in prosperity by means of the job and business opportunities of an emerging drone service market. Ensuring
744-428: The earthquake eyewitnesses. Consequently, by involving the citizens in the response, the EMSC paves the way for an efficient strategy to raise seismic risk awareness. Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development#Horizon 2020 The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development , also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9 , are funding programmes created by
775-458: The previous framework programme (FP7, 2007–2013) to the level of the sub-programmes under the pillars. Horizon 2020 is also implementing the European environmental research and innovation policy , which is aimed at defining and turning into reality a transformative agenda for greening the economy and the society as a whole so as to achieve a truly sustainable development . The framework programme
806-481: The previous phase. The ERC, as one component of H2020, funded 6,707 research projects worth a total of €13.3 billion. From 2013 to 2020 the EU's European Research Council assigned to UK scientists €1.7bn in grants, more than any other country. Horizon 2020 provided grants to research and innovation projects through open and competitive calls for proposals. Legal entities from any country were eligible to submit project proposals to these calls. Participation from outside
837-770: The request of the European Seismological Commission (ESC) . The EMSC became operational on 1 January 1975, at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg . It received its final statute in 1983. In 1987, the EMSC was appointed by the Council of Europe as the main organisation to provide the European Alert System under the Open Partial Agreement (OPA) on Major Hazards. In 1993, the EMSC statute and organisation were amended. Its headquarters moved to
868-600: The table below. For FP1–FP5, program expenditures were made in European Currency Units ; from FP6 onward budgets were in Euros. The values presented below are in Euros. Framework Programme 6 and 7 (2002–2013) projects were generally funded through instruments , the most important of which included: Note also the FP7 Joint Technology Initiatives (JTI) in partnership with industry . A specific action
899-401: The website's visitors, the area where the earthquake was felt is mapped within a couple of minutes of its occurrence. This technique is named flashsourcing. Citizens are a primary source of information in the real-time earthquake detections. EMSC involves them in earthquake response by collecting in-situ information (e.g., questionnaires, pictures, videos) on the earthquake impact directly from
930-585: Was on technological research. In Horizon 2020, the focus was on innovation, delivering economic growth faster, and delivering solutions to end users that are often governmental agencies. Conducting European research policies and implementing European research programmes is an obligation under the Amsterdam Treaty , which includes a chapter on research and technological development. The programmes are defined by Commission civil servants that are aided by various official advisory group and lobby groups. E.g. to advise
961-609: Was the FIRST project, to foster cooperation in the area of internet technologies through the European-Latin American Technology Platforms . Horizon 2020 was the eighth framework programme (FP8) funding research, technological development, and innovation. The programme's name has been modified to "Framework Programme for Research and Innovation". The programme ran from 2014 to 2020 and provided an estimated € 80 billion of funding, an increase of 23 per cent on