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53-472: There is also a proposal, but no real plan, to build a railway between Helsingborg and Copenhagen , including the HH Tunnel under the Öresund . The rail track on the current Öresund bridge is congested. Europabanan will, if built, be used for passenger trains going between Copenhagen-Stockholm, Malmö-Stockholm, Helsingborg-Stockholm, Helsingborg-Jönköping and more connections. The travel time Malmö-Stockholm

106-619: A levy on all trading vessels passing through the sound between Helsingør and Helsingborg. This was one of the main sources of income for the Danish Crown. Crossing traffic, like fishermen, were not subject to the tax, which was initially directed against the Hanseatic League . Following the Dano-Swedish War (1657–1658) and the Treaty of Roskilde Denmark had to give up all territory on

159-410: A meteorological winter with both January and February averaging just above the freezing point in terms of mean temperatures. Summers are warm and comparatively long by Swedish standards, with summer arriving earlier and fall later than virtually all areas of Sweden, aside from other parts of Skåne. Helsingborg & nearby surroundings also have a history with being hit by tornadoes . On 8 August 1947,

212-521: A Governor Generalship was reinstated in the province of Scania during the Napoleonic War , when Johan Christopher Toll (1743–1817) became the last Governor-General in the region, a post he held 1801–09. The complete history of Skåneland was not taught for a long time in schools in Skåneland, especially during periods with the immediate threat of revolt. Instead a Swedish-centric history was taught, and

265-468: A High-end F1/T3 Tornado hit the Ramlösa district of Helsingborg, causing moderate damage to a farm. Greenhouses were damaged or destroyed, a stall sustained deroofing, a shed were blown away and a tree were snapped. On 16 August 2007, downtown Helsingborg were impacted by an F1 Tornado, damaging a school and snapping trees. On 22 June 2014, a Waterspout was observed outside Helsingborg. On 27 August 2018,

318-779: A detailed plan along half its stretch and (in 2010) one being made for the rest of that railway. There is no decision to build any part of these railways. The expected cost is at least 40 billion SEK for Europabanan, not counting the connection to Denmark, an amount that caused political hesitation. In February 2016 negotiations were started with municipalities for financing a high-speed rail between Stockholm and Malmö , with stations in Jönköping , Värnamo , Hässleholm and Lund . Helsingborg Helsingborg ( / ˈ h ɛ l s ɪ ŋ b ɔːr ɡ / , US also /- b ɔːr ( j ə ), - b ɔːr i , ˌ h ɛ l s ɪ ŋ ˈ b ɔːr i / , Swedish: [hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj] ),

371-680: A highly destructive invasion of Skåneland as the ally of later king Christian III , who upon his coronation introduced Protestantism to the provinces. Subsequently, in the period between the breakup of the Kalmar Union and 1814, Denmark and Sweden fought in Skåneland in 11 separate wars and other border provinces: the Northern Seven Years' War (1563–70), Kalmar War (1611–1613), Torstenson War (1644–1645), Second Northern War (1657–1658 and 1659–1660), Scanian War (1674–1678), Great Northern War (1700 and 1709–1720), Theater War (1788), and

424-713: A major coffee company, has been located here since the 1800s. The beverage espresso and tonic first appeared on a menu in the city, at the coffeehouse Koppi Roasters in 2007. The following sports clubs are located in Helsingborg: The Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) and World Bowling Tour (WBT) have jointly hosted a ten-pin bowling event in Sweden since 2017 called the Lucky Larsen Masters. Olympia Bowling in Helsingborg hosted

477-465: A peace treaty between Sweden and Denmark again confirmed the status of Skåneland as part of Sweden. The name Skåneland was first recorded in print (in Swedish) in 1719. It is unclear what area is meant. Later (1751) Carl Linnaeus uses it, meaning the province of Scania . The modern use of the denomination as a short form for De skånska landskapen ( "The Scanian provinces" ), for the combined area of

530-500: Is a city and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality , Scania (Skåne) , Sweden. It is the second-largest city in Scania (after Malmö ) and ninth-largest in Sweden, with a population of 151,404 (2024). Helsingborg is the central urban area of northwestern Scania and Sweden's closest point to Denmark : the Danish city Helsingør is clearly visible about 4 km (2.5 mi) to the west on

583-476: Is expected to be around 3 hours compared to 4.5 hours today. The travel time Helsingborg-Jönköping would be cut by 2 hours compared to today. The disadvantage with the project is the big cost. There is a feasibility study ordered by the government supporting the idea about the Europabanan. The study did not include the Öresund tunnel. There is no further planning done. This is in contrast to Götalandsbanan which has

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636-623: Is not necessarily separatist. There are a number of minor organisations promoting the use of the term, mainly active online, e.g. Föreningen Skånelands Framtid or Skåneländsk Samling , the Skåneland Football Federation, and Stiftelsen Skåneländska Flaggans Dag . The private foundation Stiftelsen Skånsk Framtid ("foundation for a Scanian future") was a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) from 1993 to 2011, representing Skåneland under

689-434: Is subdivided into 31 districts. Helsingborg is a major regional centre of trade, transport and business. In 2001 Campus Helsingborg , a branch of University of Lund , opened in the former Tretorn rubber factory buildings, founded by Henry Dunker . Three ferry companies take people and cargo to and from Denmark around the clock. The route is popular with day-trippers going to Helsingør or Copenhagen , or simply enjoying

742-411: Is used more often. The terms have no political implications as the region is not a political entity but a cultural region , without officially established administrative borders. The provinces making up Skåneland were part of Denmark from at least the 9th century, sometimes referred to as the "Eastern Provinces"; since a 12th-century civil war , Denmark has been a kingdom with a single king. Blekinge

795-553: The Napoleonic Wars (1808–1809 and 1814). Vilhelm Moberg (1898–1973) in Min Svenska Historia II (Norstedts. 1971) provides a thoughtful discussion of the atrocities which were committed by both sides in the struggle over the border provinces, and identified them as the source of propaganda to inflame people passions to continue the struggle. These lopsided representations were incorporated into history text books on

848-566: The Scanian Law had its jurisdiction, as well as the area of the archdiocese of Lund until the Reformation in 1536, later the Danish Lutheran diocese of Lund. This form of Skåneland was then used in the regional historical periodical Historisk tidskrift för Skåneland , beginning in 1901, published by Martin's son, Lauritz Weibull . An earlier administrative and political function of

901-576: The Swedish provinces of Blekinge , Halland , and Scania . The Danish island of Bornholm is traditionally also included. Skåneland has no official recognition or function and the term is not in common usage. Equivalent terms in English and Latin are "the Scanian Provinces" and "Terrae Scaniae" respectively. The term is mostly used in historical contexts and not in daily speech. In Danish, Skånelandene

954-420: The Swedish orthography reform of 1906, the spelling of many place names in Sweden was modernized. In 1912, it was decided to use the form Hälsingborg . In preparation for the local government reform in 1971, Hälsingborg city council proposed that the new, enlarged municipality should be spelled Helsingborg ; this form was adopted by the government of Sweden from 1 January 1971. In World War II , Helsingborg

1007-633: The 17th-century maps); the inclusion of Skåneland (and Bohuslän ) is described as historically inaccurate by the Swedish Nationalencyklopedin . as it is named after the Geats . As in other cultural regions , regionalism in Scania sometimes has a base in regional nationalism and sometimes in a more general opposition against centralized state nationalism or expansionist nationalism . As noted about regionalism in Norway, Scandinavian regionalism

1060-504: The Danish side. Skåneland was a rather unpleasant place to dwell for an extended period. Following the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 – but in direct contradiction of its terms – the Swedish government in 1683 demanded that the leading social groups of Skåneland accept Swedish customs and laws. Swedish became the only language permitted in Church liturgy and in schools, religious literature in Danish

1113-472: The Danish state. Skåneland is strictly a historic and cultural region. The name has long appeared as a term used in historical contexts in a variety of sources. The southern part of Sweden, including Skåneland, is considered to be included in Götaland , one of three historic " lands of Sweden ". The "land" Götaland bears the same name used for the historic province Götaland (a province referred to as "Gothia" on

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1166-457: The Eskilsminne district of Helsingborg were hit by an F0 Tornado. Some roofs sustained minor damage. 113,816 live in the city of Helsingborg as of 2020, up from 104,250 inhabitants in 2015. 149,280 live in the municipality, with the city being by far the most populated one. Helsingborg is the second-largest city in Scania (after Malmö ) and ninth-largest in Sweden. The City of Helsingborg

1219-544: The Sound . The current Swedish provinces of Skåne , Blekinge and Halland were Danish and the province of Bohuslän was Norwegian. Skåneland became the site of harsh fighting, especially in the 16th, 17th and 18th century, as Denmark and Sweden confronted each other for control of the Baltic. Sweden intervened in the Danish civil war known as the Count's Feud (1534–1536), launching

1272-541: The Swedish Lieutenant Colonel Johan Printzensköld (ca. 1615 – 8 December 1658) was sent to Bornholm to start the assimilation process, the population of Bornholm rebelled. Led by Jens Pedersen Kofoed (1628-1691) and Poul Anker (1629-1697) the rebellion formed in the town of Hasle , north of the largest city, Rønne . Before the rebel army reached the Swedish headquarters in Rønne, Printzenskiold

1325-463: The Swedish reforms, as can be ascertained from church records and court transcripts. The Swedes did encounter civil revolts in many areas, including the Göinge district, in dense forest regions of northern Scania. The Swedish authorities resorted to extreme measures against the 17th-century rebels who were described as snapphanar , a term used for raiding enemy soldiers or bandits. The punishments included

1378-490: The administrative center. This new administrative development was a result of the increased power of the aristocracy . In each len , a noble man was put in charge, with the title lensmand . Each of the four provinces of Skåneland had representation in the Scanian Thing, which, along with the other two Things of the Danish state (Jutland and Zealand), elected the Danish king. The four Scanian provinces were joined under

1431-457: The area was to serve as a core area for one of the three provincial things that together elected the king of Denmark . The first Danish administrative sub-divisioning occurred as part of the centralization process, when the area became divided into administrative units called hundreds ( herreder in Danish). The hundreds were possibly based on older, already existing units, but the establishment of

1484-531: The civilian population occurred as late as 15 June 1811, when Swedish military killed "around 30" and wounded "around 60" peasants in Klågerup. The Swedish army units also arrested 395 people of which 2 were beheaded at Stortorget square in Malmö at 4 November 1811. Sweden appointed a Governor General , who in addition to having the highest authority of the government, also was the highest military officer. The first to hold

1537-556: The event in 2019, and is scheduled to host again in September 2023. Scanian lands The historic region Skåneland (the Scanian provinces) in brown, consisting of the Swedish provinces Blekinge , Halland and Scania , and the Danish island Bornholm Skåneland ( Swedish and Danish ) or Skånelandene ( Danish ) is a region on the southern Scandinavian peninsula . It includes

1590-461: The first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden. Helsingborg is one of the oldest cities of what is now Sweden. It has been the site of permanent settlement officially since 21 May 1085. Helsingborg's geographical position at the narrowest part of Øresund made it very important for Denmark , at that time controlling both sides of that strait. From 1429 Eric of Pomerania introduced the Sound Dues ,

1643-486: The jurisdiction of the Scanian Law , dated 1200–1216, the oldest Nordic provincial law. In the chapter "Constitutional history" in Danish Medieval History, New Currents , the three provincial Things are described as being the legal authority that instituted changes suggested by the elected king. The suggestions for changes submitted by the king had to be approved by the three Things before being passed into law in

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1696-461: The king in the provinces. They were first established in Jutland , where they replaced previous administrative units called syssel . According to some scholars, they were introduced in Skåneland possibly as early as the 11th century. In the 13th century, a new fiscal system was introduced and the hundreds were gradually included into larger administrative units called len , with a castle serving as

1749-533: The last couple medieval centuries saw some increased centralization. The west and south coast of modern Sweden was so effectively part of the Danish realm that the said area (and not the today Denmark) was known as "Denmark" (literally the frontier of the Daner ). Svend Estridsen (King of Denmark 1047 – ca. 1074), who may have been from Scania himself, is often referred to as the king who along with his dynasty established Scania as an integral part of Denmark. Blekinge

1802-402: The middle of the 19th century onwards, Helsingborg was one of the fastest-growing cities of Sweden, increasing its population from 4,000 in 1850 to 20,000 in 1890 and 56,000 in 1930 due to industrialization. From 1892, a train ferry was put in service, connecting Helsingborg with its Danish sister city Helsingør . A tramway network was inaugurated in 1903 and closed down in 1967. Following

1855-508: The name Elsinore Sewing Club (Danish: Helsingør Syklub) as a cover for messages, the Danish population formed an Underground Railroad of sorts, moving Jews away from the closely watched Copenhagen docks to spots farther away, especially Helsingør , just two miles across the Øresund from Helsingborg. Hundreds of civilians hid their fellow Danish citizens—Jews—in their houses, farm lofts and churches until they could board them onto Danish fishing boats, personal pleasure boats and ferry boats. In

1908-531: The name of Scania . The earliest Danish historians, writing in the 12th and 13th century, believed that the Danish Kingdom had existed since king Dan , in a distant past. Eighth century sources mention the existence of Denmark as a kingdom. According to 9th century Frankish sources, by the early 9th century many of the chieftains in the south of Scandinavia acknowledged Danish kings as their overlords, though kingdom(s) were very loose confederations of lords until

1961-474: The new form of hundreds was prompted by an increase in royal power during the High Middle Ages . These differed from the provincial thing areas in that they were not local communities joined under a governing assembly but top-down regional divisions established to ensure royal authority. These medieval Danish hundreds were used to implement military obligations and to expedite the collection of renders due to

2014-401: The other side of the Øresund . Historic Helsingborg, with its many old buildings, is a scenic coastal city. The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress ( Kärnan ) in the city centre, and more modern commercial buildings. The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways. Kullagatan , the main pedestrian shopping street in the city, was

2067-452: The post of Governor General was Gustaf Otto Stenbock , between 1658 and 1664. His residence was in the largest city, Malmö . The office of Governor General was abandoned in 1669, deemed unnecessary. However, when the Scanian War erupted in 1675, the office was reinstated, and Fabian von Fersen (1626–1677) held the office between 1675 and 1677, when he died in the defence of Malmö . He

2120-511: The provinces of Blekinge, Halland and Scania, was launched by the Swedish historian and Scandinavist Martin Weibull (1835-1902) in Samlingar till Skånes historia (Föreningen för Skånes Fornminnen och Historia . published 1868-73 in six volumes) in order to illuminate the common Danish history of Scania, Blekinge, and Halland. Weibull used the term as a combined term for the four provinces where

2173-399: The respective sides. As an example, Moberg compares the history texts he grew up with in Sweden which represented the Swedish soldier as ever pure and honorable to a letter written by Gustavus Adolphus celebrating the 24 Scanian parishes he had helped level by fire, with the troops encouraged to rape and murder the population at will, behavior that may well have been mirrored equally on

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2226-620: The southern Scandinavian peninsula , and Helsingborg became part of Sweden. King Charles X Gustav of Sweden landed here on 5 March 1658 to take personal possession of the Scanian lands and was met by a delegation led by the bishop of the Diocese of Lund , Peder Winstrup . At that time the town had a population of barely 1,000 people. Its situation on a conflict-ridden border caused problems for Helsingborg. Denmark recaptured Scania twice, but could not hold it. The last Danish attempt to regain Scania

2279-468: The span of three nights, Danes had smuggled over 7200 Jews and 680 non-Jews (gentile family members of Jews or political activists) across the Øresund, to safety in Sweden, with one of the main destinations at Helsingborg. Helsingborg has an oceanic climate ( Cfb ) typical of southern Sweden, although its winters are very mild for a location at such a high latitude. Although the temperature differences between seasons are significant, Helsingborg often lacks

2332-444: The territories, the last in 1710, but ultimately conceded the territories as lost. Before 1658, one of the provinces of Skåneland, Scania proper, had consisted of four counties: the counties of Malmøhus, Landskrone, Helsingborg and Christianstad. When Skåneland was annexed by Sweden, one of the counties of Scania, Kristianstad County, was merged with Blekinge to form one of a total of three Blekinge counties. In 1658, shortly after

2385-435: The use of impalement breaking on the wheel , as well as the nailing of bodies to church doors. In that way, it could take four to five days before the victim died. The transformation of age-old customs, commerce and administration to the Swedish model could not be effected quickly or easily. In the first fifty years of the transition, the treatment of the population was quite harsh. Denmark made several attempts to recapture

2438-470: The views from the ferries. IKEA , the retailer of furniture and home interiors, has its international corporate headquarters in Helsingborg. Nicorette , the nicotine chewing gum, has a manufacturing plant there. Ramlösa is a mineral water from Ramlösa Brunn , a southern suburb of the city. Mobile phone developer Spectronic is also situated in Helsingborg. The online custom clothing retailer Tailor Store Sweden AB has its offices in Helsingborg. Zoégas ,

2491-460: Was a part of Sweden until the early 13th century when it became part of Denmark (the Danish Census Book contains the first secure written evidence of Danish control). The provinces were part of the territory ceded to Sweden in 1658 under the Treaty of Roskilde , but after an uprising on Bornholm, that island was returned to Denmark in 1660, under the Treaty of Copenhagen . In July 1720,

2544-622: Was a part of Sweden until the early 13th century when it became part of Denmark (the Danish Census Book contains the first secure written evidence of Danish control). When the Kalmar Union was formed in 1397, the union was administered from Copenhagen. By 1471 Sweden rebelled under Sture family leadership. In 1503, when Sten Sture the Elder died, eastern Sweden's independence from Denmark had been established. In 1600 Denmark controlled virtually all land bordering on Skagerrak , Kattegat , and

2597-577: Was among the most important drop-off points for the rescue of Denmark's Jewish population during the Holocaust . Adolf Hitler had ordered that all Danish Jews were to be arrested and deported to the concentration camps on Rosh HaShanah , the Jewish New Year which fell on 2 October 1943. When Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz , a German maritime attaché received word of the order on 28 September 1943, he shared it with political and Jewish community leaders. Using

2650-558: Was banned, and all appointed politicians and priests were required to be Swedish. However the last Danish bishop, Peder Winstrup (1605–1679) remained in charge of the Diocese of Lund until his death in 1679. To promote further Swedish assimilation, the University of Lund was inaugurated in 1666; the inhabitants of Scania were not allowed to enroll in Copenhagen University until the 19th century. The population initially opposed

2703-515: Was in 1710, when 14,000 men landed on the shores near Helsingborg. The Battle of Helsingborg was fought on 10 March just outside the city, which was badly affected. It took a long time to recover; even in 1770 the city had only 1,321 inhabitants and was still growing slowly. On 20 October 1811, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte , Marshal of France and crown prince-elect of Sweden (later King Charles XIV John) took his first step on Swedish soil in Helsingborg on his journey from Paris to Stockholm . From

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2756-503: Was replaced by Rutger von Ascheberg (1621–1693) in 1680 who held it to his death in 1693. It was during Ascheberg's time in office that the stricter policy of Swedification was initiated, as a reaction to the threats of war and possible Danish liberation. Following the death of Ascheberg, the Governor Generalship was dismantled into a separate county governor for each of the Swedish provinces Blekinge, Halland and Scania. However,

2809-441: Was shot by Willum Clausen in the street of Sølvgade, in central Rønne. The Swedish fled the island as a result of the confusion and fear amongst the conscripts; Jens Kofoed installed an intermediate rule and sent a message to King Frederick III of Denmark that Bornholm had liberated itself, and wished to return to Danish rule. This was confirmed in the 1660 peace settlement between Denmark and Sweden. The last Swedish assault on

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