A box girder bridge , or box section bridge , is a bridge in which the main beams comprise girders in the shape of a hollow box. The box girder normally comprises prestressed concrete , structural steel , or a composite of steel and reinforced concrete . The box is typically rectangular or trapezoidal in cross-section . Box girder bridges are commonly used for highway flyovers and for modern elevated structures of light rail transport. Although the box girder bridge is normally a form of beam bridge , box girders may also be used on cable-stayed and other bridges.
26-841: The Estrella–Pantaleon Bridge , also known as the Rockwell Bridge , is a four-lane box girder bridge crossing the Pasig River in Metro Manila , Philippines . It connects Estrella Street in Makati on the south bank of the Pasig River (near the Rockwell Center ) to Pantaleon Street via Barangka Drive in Mandaluyong on the north bank, near the site of the Acqua Private Residences. It
52-575: A canal lock . Major Martel mated the bridge with the tank and used hydraulic power generated by the tank's engine to manoeuvre the bridge into place. For mine clearance the tanks were equipped with 2-ton rollers . Martel also developed his new bridging concept at the EBE, the Martel bridge, a modular box girder bridge suitable for military applications. The Martel bridge was adopted by the British Army in 1925 as
78-652: A 676-meter (2,218 ft) two-lane box truss bridge . Austrian firm Waagner-Biro provided the modular steel components for the bridge, while actual construction work was performed by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). The ₱ 303.655 million bridge was inaugurated on February 12, 2011, by Vice President Jejomar Binay along with the mayors of Makati and Mandaluyong ( Jejomar Binay Jr. and Benjamin Abalos Jr. , respectively), Public Works and Highways Secretary Rogelio Singson , and Austrian ambassador to
104-514: A fabrication yard, then transported and emplaced using cranes . For steel box girders, the girders are normally fabricated off site and lifted into place by crane, with sections connected by bolting or welding. If a composite concrete bridge deck is used, it is often cast in-place using temporary falsework supported by the steel girder. Either form of bridge may also be installed using the technique of incremental launching . Under this method, gantry cranes are often used to place new segments onto
130-436: A few years after opening and then further strengthened years later, although this was often due to increased traffic load as much as better design standards. The Irwell Valley bridge of 1970 was strengthened in 1970 and again in 2000. If made of concrete, box girder bridges may be cast in place using falsework supports, removed after completion, or in sections if a segmental bridge . Box girders may also be prefabricated in
156-621: A two-lane street and the long project duration originally expected to last 30 months. The bridge expansion is part of the Build! Build! Build! Infrastructure Program . On April 23, 2021, DPWH announced the final concrete pouring and completion of the second bridge's substructure and superstructure. The bridge was expected to open in June 2021 but was delayed repeatedly due to the COVID-19 pandemic , among other developments. President Rodrigo Duterte inaugurated
182-706: Is one of three bridges connecting Makati and Mandaluyong, the other two being the Makati–Mandaluyong Bridge connecting Makati Avenue and Poblacion, Makati , to Mandaluyong, and the Guadalupe Bridge carrying EDSA between the two cities, ultimately serving to help relieve chronic traffic congestion on the two other bridges. Originally announced in 2003 by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) as one of several bridges to be built by October that year, construction of
208-781: The People Power Revolution , the Cabinet Secretariat was reestablished through Executive Order No. 237, s. 1987 signed by President Corazon Aquino . It was renamed as the Office of the Cabinet Secretary by President Benigno Aquino III on October 31, 2012, through Executive Order No. 99 . He reinstated the Office of the Cabinet Secretary as an independent body from the Presidential Management Staff , similar to its original mandate in 1987. The Cabinet Secretary
234-656: The President , facilitated the exchange of information, as well as discussed and resolved issues among Cabinet members. The Cabinet Secretary also acted as a coordinator and integrator of the initiatives of the President. The Cabinet Secretariat was created through Executive Order No. 237, s. 1987 . The position of Cabinet Secretary traced its origins to the War Cabinet of the Commonwealth government-in-exile, when Col. Manuel Nieto
260-517: The Presidential Management Staff . According to Section 2 of Executive Order No. 99 , the powers and functions of the Office of the Cabinet Secretary were as follows: Sec. 2. Powers and Functions a. Facilitate the identification of a list of priority areas and outcome-based targets in the Social Contract and PDP 2011-2016, in consultation with the Cabinet Clusters, for final approval of
286-540: The Experimental Bridging Establishment at Christchurch, Hampshire , which researched the possibilities of using tanks for battlefield engineering purposes such as bridge-laying and mine -clearing. Here he continued trials on modified Mark V tanks. The bridging component involved an assault bridge, designed by Major Charles Inglis RE, the Canal Lock Bridge, which had sufficient length to span
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#1733085721169312-709: The Large Box Girder Bridge. A scaled down version of this design, the Small Box Girder Bridge, was also formally adopted by the Army in 1932. This latter design was copied by many countries, including Germany, who called their version the Kastenträger-Gerät (K-Gerät for short). The United States was another country whose army created their own copy, designating it the H-20. In addition, the modular construction of
338-528: The Mandaluyong side. The bridge was briefly closed on September 23, 2018, to prepare for expansion works. However, it was reopened on September 25 due to the anticipated heavy traffic during the Christmas holiday season . Plans for expansion works were moved to January 2019. The bridge's closure started on January 19, 2019. It was met with controversies, citing capacity constraints on the Mandaluyong side landing in
364-544: The Philippines Wilhelm Donko. The bridge opened to motorists on the same day. In June 2017, Public Works and Highways Secretary Mark Villar announced the expansion of the Estrella–Pantaleon Bridge. Funded by China , the new bridge has four lanes and is a 506.46-meter (1,661.6 ft) twin-spine steel box girder bridge with concrete deck slabs. It will utilize the existing approaches while modifying
390-495: The President in meetings and such other fora in order to expedite inter-agency action towards the achievement of the targets identified in the performance and projects roadmap; e. Assist in providing timely and organized information to the Cabinet on issues and problems submitted for decision and action; and f. Perform such other functions as may be necessary and incidental to the attainment of its objectives or as may be assigned by
416-625: The President. Eight agencies under the Cabinet Secretariat were placed under the jurisdiction of other agencies when President Rodrigo Duterte reorganized the office. The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) and the Cooperative Development Authority were placed under the Department of Trade and Industry ; the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos and the Philippine Commission on Women to
442-411: The President; b. Recommend to the President an annual detailed and measurable performance and projects roadmap that will facilitate outputs of the targets against priorities, in close coordination with the concerned agencies; c. Ensure the timely execution and monitor the significant impact of the targets under the annual performance and projects roadmap, and re-align targets when needed; d. Represent
468-445: The abutment and piers to accommodate the new bridge superstructure. The bridge also has wider sidewalks with a width of 3 meters (9.8 ft). The bridge is designed to withstand high-intensity earthquakes . The project is handled by China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC). Aside from the bridge itself, the construction project also includes improving access to the bridge by upgrading and widening Barangka Drive and Pantaleon Street on
494-702: The basic Martel bridge would later during WWII become part of the basis of the Bailey bridge . In 1954, the Royal Commission on Awards to Inventors awarded Martel £500 for infringement on the design of his bridge by the designer of the Bailey bridge, Donald Bailey . Both the Large Box and Small Box designs would go on to see much service in World War II, especially in the case of the latter. The (non-modular) box girder bridge
520-505: The bridge would not be realized until several years later, when it was made part of the three-year Bridge Construction and Acceleration Project for Calamity Stricken Areas I (BCAPCSA I) program funded by Austria to help the Philippines build nineteen weather-resistant bridges, building on a similar program executed by the Austrian and Philippine governments between 2001 and 2005. The bridge was
546-589: The completed portions of the bridge until the bridge superstructure is completed. (Mainly non-modular designs) Cabinet Secretariat of the Philippines The Cabinet Secretariat ( Filipino : Kalihiman ng Gabinete ), formerly the Office of the Cabinet Secretary ( Filipino : Tanggapan ng Kalihim ng Gabinete ), was a member agency of the Cabinet of the Philippines which provided support to
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#1733085721169572-559: The formation of the Merrison Committee and considerable investment in new research into steel box girder behaviour. Most of the bridges still under construction at this time were delayed for investigation of the basic design principle. Some were abandoned and rebuilt as a different form of bridge altogether. Most of those that remained as box girder bridges, such as Erskine Bridge ( illus. ), were either redesigned, or had additional stiffening added later. Some bridges were strengthened
598-472: The newly expanded ₱ 1.46 billion bridge on July 29, 2021, and it was reopened to vehicular traffic on the same day. In September 2015, Cabinet Secretary Jose Rene Almendras announced that the government was looking into implementing a one-way traffic scheme on the Estrella–Pantaleon and Makati–Mandaluyong Bridges. Box girder bridge In 1919, Major Gifford Martel was appointed head of
624-499: Was a popular choice during the roadbuilding expansion of the 1960s, especially in the West, and many new bridge projects were in progress simultaneously. A serious blow to this use was a sequence of three serious disasters, when new bridges collapsed in 1970 ( West Gate Bridge and Cleddau Bridge ) and 1971 ( South Bridge (Koblenz) ). Fifty-one people were killed in these failures, leading in the UK to
650-631: Was appointed Secretary to the Cabinet by President Manuel L. Quezon in Asheville, NC . Under President Carlos P. Garcia , a Cabinet Secretariat was formally established as an attached agency of the Executive Office headed by the Executive Secretary . Under the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos , its responsibilities were transferred to the Office of the Prime Minister. Following
676-565: Was given cabinet ranking and staff support. The office underwent a reform in 2018, when President Rodrigo Duterte issued Executive Order No. 67 , which transferred eight agencies under it to other government agencies and renamed it back as the Cabinet Secretariat. On June 30, 2022, President Bongbong Marcos issued Executive Order No. 1 , which abolished the office alongside the Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission . All powers and functions will be transferred to
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