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53-553: Essaï Altounian ( Armenian : Եսայի Ալթունյան ; born November 5, 1980), sometimes credited as simply Essaï , is a French- Armenian singer, songwriter, keyboardist, music producer and actor. Essaï Altounian was born on November 5, 1980, in Paris, France. His grandparents escaped from Kharpet during the Armenian genocide . Essaï was a law student at Jean Monnet University . He decided to drop out and focus on his passion for music after joining

106-520: A consistent Proto-Indo-European pattern distinct from Iranian, and that the inflectional morphology was different from that of Iranian languages. The hypothesis that Greek is Armenian's closest living relative originates with Holger Pedersen (1924), who noted that the number of Greek-Armenian lexical cognates is greater than that of agreements between Armenian and any other Indo-European language. Antoine Meillet (1925, 1927) further investigated morphological and phonological agreement and postulated that

159-460: A digital distribution contract with Believe, and his first single, Sweet Family, was released on 4 November 2011. In 2014, he signed a contract in the United States with Kerry Gordy from Motown music . Together, they produced a new single "Family" released on the label KERRY GORDY Records. In 2015, Essaï released his song "Je n'oublie pas - Chem Morana," dedicated to the 1.5 million victims of

212-468: A loan from Armenian (compare to Armenian եւ yev , ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi ). Other loans from Armenian into Urartian includes personal names, toponyms, and names of deities. Loan words from Iranian languages , along with the other ancient accounts such as that of Xenophon above, initially led some linguists to erroneously classify Armenian as an Iranian language. Scholars such as Paul de Lagarde and F. Müller believed that

265-425: A network of schools where modern Armenian was taught, dramatically increased the rate of literacy (in spite of the obstacles by the colonial administrators), even in remote rural areas. The emergence of literary works entirely written in the modern versions increasingly legitimized the language's existence. By the turn of the 20th century both varieties of the one modern Armenian language prevailed over Grabar and opened

318-470: Is a convention centre , concert venue , and shopping mall at the Porte Maillot in the 17th arrondissement of Paris , France . The venue was built by French architect Guillaume Gillet, and was inaugurated in 1974. Nearby the venue are Bois de Boulogne and the affluent neighbourhood of Neuilly-sur-Seine . The closest métro and RER stations are Porte Maillot and Neuilly–Porte Maillot , accessible via

371-545: Is an independent branch of the Indo-European languages . It is of interest to linguists for its distinctive phonological changes within that family. Armenian exhibits more satemization than centumization , although it is not classified as belonging to either of these subgroups. Some linguists tentatively conclude that Armenian, Greek (and Phrygian ), Albanian and Indo-Iranian were dialectally close to each other; within this hypothetical dialect group, Proto-Armenian

424-545: Is clearly the dialect to be most closely related to Armenian. Eric P. Hamp (1976, 91) supports the Graeco-Armenian thesis and even anticipates a time "when we should speak of Helleno-Armenian" (meaning the postulate of a Graeco-Armenian proto-language). Armenian shares the augment and a negator derived from the set phrase in the Proto-Indo-European language * ne h₂oyu kʷid ("never anything" or "always nothing"),

477-469: Is derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵipyós , with cognates in Sanskrit (ऋजिप्य, ṛjipyá ), Avestan ( ərəzifiia ), and Greek (αἰγίπιος, aigípios ). Hrach Martirosyan and Armen Petrosyan propose additional borrowed words of Armenian origin loaned into Urartian and vice versa, including grammatical words and parts of speech, such as Urartian eue ("and"), attested in the earliest Urartian texts and likely

530-578: Is managed by the company Viparis. The Hyatt Regency Paris Étoile Hotel, located next door, with its 33 floors, 995 rooms and suites, and standing 137 m high (190 m with the antenna located on its roof), is one of the tallest buildings on the territory of the city of Paris after the Eiffel Tower and the Montparnasse tower , (but smaller than some of the buildings in the La Défense district located nearby). It

583-466: Is not considered conclusive evidence of a period of common isolated development. There are words used in Armenian that are generally believed to have been borrowed from Anatolian languages, particularly from Luwian , although some researchers have identified possible Hittite loanwords as well. One notable loanword from Anatolian is Armenian xalam , "skull", cognate to Hittite ḫalanta , "head". In 1985,

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636-516: Is the working language. Armenian (without reference to a specific variety) is officially recognized as a minority language in Cyprus , Hungary , Iraq , Poland , Romania , and Ukraine . It is recognized as a minority language and protected in Turkey by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne . Palais des congr%C3%A8s de Paris The Palais des congrès de Paris (English: Paris Congress Centre )

689-458: The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (11–14th centuries) resulted in the addition of two more characters to the alphabet (" օ " and " ֆ "), bringing the total number to 38. The Book of Lamentations by Gregory of Narek (951–1003) is an example of the development of a literature and writing style of Old Armenian by the 10th century. In addition to elevating the literary style and vocabulary of

742-503: The Armenian genocide , mostly in the diaspora ). The differences between them are considerable but they are mutually intelligible after significant exposure. Some subdialects such as Homshetsi are not mutually intelligible with other varieties. Although Armenians were known to history much earlier (for example, they were mentioned in the 6th-century BC Behistun Inscription and in Xenophon 's 4th century BC history, The Anabasis ),

795-631: The Greek language , the Armenian language, and the Indo-Iranian languages . Graeco-Aryan unity would have become divided into Proto-Greek and Proto-Indo-Iranian by the mid-3rd millennium BC. Conceivably, Proto-Armenian would have been located between Proto-Greek and Proto-Indo-Iranian, consistent with the fact that Armenian shares certain features only with Indo-Iranian (the satem change) but others only with Greek ( s > h ). Graeco-Aryan has comparatively wide support among Indo-Europeanists who believe

848-631: The Indo-European homeland to be located in the Armenian Highlands , the " Armenian hypothesis ". Early and strong evidence was given by Euler's 1979 examination on shared features in Greek and Sanskrit nominal flection. Used in tandem with the Graeco-Armenian hypothesis, the Armenian language would also be included under the label Aryano-Greco-Armenic , splitting into Proto-Greek/Phrygian and "Armeno-Aryan" (ancestor of Armenian and Indo-Iranian ). Classical Armenian (Arm: grabar ), attested from

901-528: The Mekhitarists . The first Armenian periodical, Azdarar , was published in grabar in 1794. The classical form borrowed numerous words from Middle Iranian languages , primarily Parthian , and contains smaller inventories of loanwords from Greek, Syriac, Aramaic, Arabic, Mongol, Persian, and indigenous languages such as Urartian . An effort to modernize the language in Bagratid Armenia and

954-673: The Palais des Congrès . In 2023, Essaï announced a new album, set to be released in November 2023. The first single titled "Sans toi" was released on September 27, 2023. In 2024, Essaï embarked on a tour to China to play his musical show NOÉ, la force de vivre in seven different cities. He was accompanied by his entire troupe for this international tour, marking a significant milestone in bringing this work to audiences abroad. |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivznX10TsCk |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7osGZ07AhKU |language=en}}</ref> Essaï

1007-591: The 1915 Armenian genocide on the 100th anniversary of its occurrence. Essaï was one of the 6 members of Genealogy, the band representing Armenia at the Eurovision Song Contest in Vienna, Austria. In 2016, Essaï was on the jury of the "Destination Eurovision" show in order to select the next candidate representing Armenia at the Eurovision Song Contest. In 2018, Essaï was a jury "music expert" in

1060-408: The 5th century to the 19th century as the literary standard (up to the 11th century also as a spoken language with different varieties), was partially superseded by Middle Armenian , attested from the 12th century to the 18th century. Specialized literature prefers "Old Armenian" for grabar as a whole, and designates as "Classical" the language used in the 5th century literature, "Post-Classical" from

1113-701: The American reality talent competition series " The World's Best ," where international performers would be evaluated by three judges and the "Wall of the World," which consisted of 50 panelists from around the world with multiple fields of entertainment. In 2020, Essaï created the musical "Noé, la force de vivre," inspired by the story of Noah's Ark . It premiered on November 27, 2021, at the Paris Longchamp racecourse . It ran for two months. The musical returned in January 2023, at

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1166-481: The Armenian language by adding well above a thousand new words, through his other hymns and poems Gregory paved the way for his successors to include secular themes and vernacular language in their writings. The thematic shift from mainly religious texts to writings with secular outlooks further enhanced and enriched the vocabulary. "A Word of Wisdom", a poem by Hovhannes Sargavak devoted to a starling, legitimizes poetry devoted to nature, love, or female beauty. Gradually,

1219-496: The French soul and R&B group Ideal-3. His first single was "Pardonne Moi" in 1999. His first performance was for the French television program Le monde est à Vous . At the age of twenty, Altounian signed a solo contract with Mercury Universal. This contract produced two singles " Encore une chance " and "C'est ainsi" . He has worked for the French channel TF1 since 1998 and has composed multiple songs for TV programs and shows. For

1272-460: The Hurro-Urartian and Northeast Caucasian origins for these words and instead suggest native Armenian etymologies, leaving the possibility that these words may have been loaned into Hurro-Urartian and Caucasian languages from Armenian, and not vice versa. A notable example is arciv , meaning "eagle", believed to have been the origin of Urartian Arṣibi and Northeast Caucasian arzu . This word

1325-656: The Russian Empire), removed almost all of their Turkish lexical influences in the 20th century, primarily following the Armenian genocide . In addition to Armenia and Turkey, where it is indigenous , Armenian is spoken among the diaspora . According to Ethnologue , globally there are 1.6 million Western Armenian speakers and 3.7 million Eastern Armenian speakers, totalling 5.3 million Armenian speakers. In Georgia, Armenian speakers are concentrated in Ninotsminda and Akhalkalaki districts where they represent over 90% of

1378-454: The Russian and Ottoman empires led to creation of two separate and different environments under which Armenians lived. Halfway through the 19th century, two important concentrations of Armenian communities were further consolidated. Because of persecutions or the search for better economic opportunities, many Armenians living under Ottoman rule gradually moved to Istanbul , whereas Tbilisi became

1431-815: The Soviet linguist Igor M. Diakonoff noted the presence in Classical Armenian of what he calls a "Caucasian substratum" identified by earlier scholars, consisting of loans from the Kartvelian and Northeast Caucasian languages . Noting that Hurro-Urartian-speaking peoples inhabited the Armenian homeland in the second millennium BC, Diakonoff identifies in Armenian a Hurro-Urartian substratum of social, cultural, and animal and plant terms such as ałaxin "slave girl" ( ← Hurr. al(l)a(e)ḫḫenne ), cov "sea" ( ← Urart. ṣûǝ "(inland) sea"), ułt "camel" ( ← Hurr. uḷtu ), and xnjor "apple (tree)" ( ← Hurr. ḫinzuri ). Some of

1484-434: The center of Armenians living under Russian rule. These two cosmopolitan cities very soon became the primary poles of Armenian intellectual and cultural life. The introduction of new literary forms and styles, as well as many new ideas sweeping Europe, reached Armenians living in both regions. This created an ever-growing need to elevate the vernacular, Ashkharhabar, to the dignity of a modern literary language, in contrast to

1537-485: The convention centre has since 1999 four amphitheatres spread over four floors: The palace also has numerous conference rooms and a two-level shopping arcade. During the 1999 extension, the exhibition areas were doubled with three additional levels and two new flat halls. The new Bordeaux amphitheatre is built in an inverted cone, visible on the façade. Its new architectural form in an inclined plane makes it unique and of international renown today. The convention centre

1590-565: The existence of the two modern versions of the same language was sanctioned even more clearly. The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1990) used Eastern Armenian as its official language, whereas the diaspora created after the Armenian genocide preserved the Western Armenian dialect. The two modern literary dialects, Western (originally associated with writers in the Ottoman Empire) and Eastern (originally associated with writers in

1643-425: The hypothetical Mushki language may have been a (now extinct) Armenic language. W. M. Austin (1942) concluded that there was early contact between Armenian and Anatolian languages , based on what he considered common archaisms, such as the lack of a feminine gender and the absence of inherited long vowels. Unlike shared innovations (or synapomorphies ), the common retention of archaisms (or symplesiomorphy )

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1696-464: The interests of the population at large were reflected in other literary works as well. Konsdantin Yerzinkatsi and several others took the unusual step of criticizing the ecclesiastic establishment and addressing the social issues of the Armenian homeland. These changes represented the nature of the literary style and syntax, but they did not constitute immense changes to the fundamentals of the grammar or

1749-434: The late 5th to 8th centuries, and "Late Grabar" that of the period covering the 8th to 11th centuries. Later, it was used mainly in religious and specialized literature, with the exception of a revival during the early modern period, when attempts were made to establish it as the language of a literary renaissance, with neoclassical inclinations, through the creation and dissemination of literature in varied genres, especially by

1802-640: The lower levels of the building. The land on which the convention center is located is on the edge of the Plaine des Sablons and Sablonville; it was previously occupied by bastion No. 51 on the Thiers wall , the Luna-Park and the Église Notre-Dame-de-Compassion de Paris. After the destruction of the Thiers wall fortifications around 1920, this wasteland was used for the installation of temporary summer amusement parks. Even after

1855-560: The morphology of the language. Often, when writers codify a spoken dialect, other language users are then encouraged to imitate that structure through the literary device known as parallelism . In the 19th century, the traditional Armenian homeland was once again divided. This time Eastern Armenia was conquered from Qajar Iran by the Russian Empire , while Western Armenia , containing two thirds of historical Armenia, remained under Ottoman control. The antagonistic relationship between

1908-403: The now-anachronistic Grabar. Numerous dialects existed in the traditional Armenian regions, which, different as they were, had certain morphological and phonetic features in common. On the basis of these features two major standards emerged: Both centers vigorously pursued the promotion of Ashkharhabar. The proliferation of newspapers in both versions (Eastern & Western) and the development of

1961-526: The official status of the Armenian language. Eastern Armenian is the official variant used, making it the prestige variety while other variants have been excluded from national institutions. Indeed, Western Armenian is perceived by some as a mere dialect. Armenian was also official in the Republic of Artsakh . It is recognized as an official language of the Eurasian Economic Union although Russian

2014-619: The oldest surviving Armenian-language writing is etched in stone on Armenian temples and is called Mehenagir . The Armenian alphabet was created by Mesrop Mashtots in 405, at which time it had 36 letters. He is also credited by some with the creation of the Georgian alphabet and the Caucasian Albanian alphabet . While Armenian constitutes the sole member of the Armenian branch of the Indo-European family, Aram Kossian has suggested that

2067-474: The parent languages of Greek and Armenian were dialects in immediate geographical proximity during the Proto-Indo-European period. Meillet's hypothesis became popular in the wake of his book Esquisse d'une histoire de la langue latine (1936). Georg Renatus Solta (1960) does not go as far as postulating a Proto-Graeco-Armenian stage, but he concludes that considering both the lexicon and morphology, Greek

2120-407: The path to a new and simplified grammatical structure of the language in the two different cultural spheres. Apart from several morphological, phonetic, and grammatical differences, the largely common vocabulary and generally analogous rules of grammatical fundamentals allows users of one variant to understand the other as long as they are fluent in one of the literary standards. After World War I ,

2173-552: The population. The short-lived First Republic of Armenia declared Armenian its official language. Eastern Armenian was then dominating in institutions and among the population. When Armenia was incorporated into the USSR, the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic made Eastern Armenian the language of the courts, government institutions and schools. Armenia was also russified . The current Republic of Armenia upholds

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2226-436: The representation of word-initial laryngeals by prothetic vowels, and other phonological and morphological peculiarities with Greek. Nevertheless, as Fortson (2004) comments, "by the time we reach our earliest Armenian records in the 5th century AD, the evidence of any such early kinship has been reduced to a few tantalizing pieces". Graeco-(Armeno)-Aryan is a hypothetical clade within the Indo-European family , ancestral to

2279-463: The similarities between the two languages meant that Armenian belonged to the Iranian language family . The distinctness of Armenian was recognized when philologist Heinrich Hübschmann (1875) used the comparative method to distinguish two layers of Iranian words from the older Armenian vocabulary . He showed that Armenian often had two morphemes for one concept, that the non-Iranian components yielded

2332-486: The song "Que reste-t-il?" Essaï collaborated with Michel Legrand ; together, they produced 25 songs for the 2003 musical adaptation of " Les Demoiselles de Rochefort ." In 2006, Essaï also directed the musical production Parisian Cabarets , " Bobino ." In 2009, he was the musical director of "La Bataille des chorales," in which 5 choirs competed. In 2010, he was the musical Director of "Le Grand Show des enfants." Both of these were broadcast on TF1 . In 2011, Essaï signed

2385-512: The terms he gives admittedly have an Akkadian or Sumerian provenance, but he suggests they were borrowed through Hurrian or Urartian. Given that these borrowings do not undergo sound changes characteristic of the development of Armenian from Proto-Indo-European , he dates their borrowing to a time before the written record but after the Proto-Armenian language stage. Contemporary linguists, such as Hrach Martirosyan , have rejected many of

2438-435: The theater, he composed music for Anthony Kavanagh 's One Man Show, as well as several songs for " Ma femme s'appelle Maurice " by Raffy Shart. Essaï Altounian is married to the French actress and dancer Geraldine Couf . They have two daughters. Essaï composed his first song when he was twelve years old. In 1999, he signed a contract with Sony France to become the lead singer of "Ideal-3." Their first single, "Pardonne-Moi",

2491-586: The war, it housed a few government buildings. The construction of the Boulevard Périphérique , parallel to it caused a complete redevelopment of the Parisian area. From 1970, on the site of the old Luna Park, the convention centre and the Hotel Concorde Lafayette located next door, were built. The small Notre-Dame-de-Compassion church there, built by Louis-Philippe in memory of his deceased son,

2544-480: Was a member of the supergroup Genealogy , who represented Armenia in the 60th Eurovision Song Contest held in Vienna . The group consisted of six Armenians - five of which represented the Armenian diaspora and the forget-me-not flower, and the sixth member being the center piece of the flower who is from Armenia herself. Their single for the finals, originally titled "Don't Deny," was released on 12 March 2015. It

2597-1006: Was believed to be a tribute for the victims of the Armenian Genocide. However, the title faced criticism from countries Turkey, alongside Azerbaijan, for its alleged call to recognize the genocide. It was eventually renamed "Face the Shadow." He became an Armenian citizen along with the other foreign members of Genealogy on 28 April 2015 after being given Armenian passports by then-President Serzh Sargsyan . The group finished 16th overall. Armenian language Pontic Steppe Caucasus East Asia Eastern Europe Northern Europe Pontic Steppe Northern/Eastern Steppe Europe South Asia Steppe Europe Caucasus India Indo-Aryans Iranians East Asia Europe East Asia Europe Indo-Aryan Iranian Indo-Aryan Iranian Others European Armenian

2650-414: Was dismantled and then rebuilt stone by stone, a hundred meters further. Works were by architects Guillaume Gillet, Serge Maloletenkov, Yves Betin and Henri Guibout, with the buildings inaugurated on 28 February 1974. An extension was carried out between 1997 and 1999. The imposing sloping facade, which dates from this rehabilitation, is the work of architect Christian de Portzamparc . With its 32,000 m ,

2703-733: Was played on all major French radio stations, including NRJ and Fun Radio . When Essaï was 21, he split from Ideal-3 and signed a solo contract with Mercury Universal. As a solo artist, he began to receive many invitations from different TV shows including invitations to write and produce for other artists. In 2001, Essaï landed the role of Count Paris in Gérard Presgurvic 's musical comedy " Romeo and Juliet ." The show's album sold 2 million copies. Soon, France's First Lady Bernadette Chirac asked him to write and produce "Un Peu de Moi." In 2002, he collaborated with French singer Jenifer Bartoli on her debut album, Jenifer . They collaborated on

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2756-405: Was situated between Proto-Greek ( centum subgroup) and Proto-Indo-Iranian ( satem subgroup). Ronald I. Kim has noted unique morphological developments connecting Armenian to Balto-Slavic languages . The Armenian language has a long literary history, with a 5th-century Bible translation as its oldest surviving text. Another text translated into Armenian early on, and also in the 5th-century,

2809-666: Was the Armenian Alexander Romance . The vocabulary of the language has historically been influenced by Western Middle Iranian languages , particularly Parthian ; its derivational morphology and syntax were also affected by language contact with Parthian, but to a lesser extent. Contact with Greek, Persian , and Syriac also resulted in a number of loanwords. There are two standardized modern literary forms, Eastern Armenian (spoken mainly in Armenia) and Western Armenian (spoken originally mainly in modern-day Turkey and, since

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