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42-488: Ertuğrul or Ertuğrul Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish : ارطغرل , romanized :  Erṭoġrıl ; Turkmen : Ärtogrul Gazy ; died c.  1280/1281 ) was a 13th-century uch bey (marcher-lord), who was the father of Osman I . Little is known about Ertuğrul's life. According to Ottoman tradition, he was the son of Suleyman Shah , the leader of the Kayı tribe (a claim which has come under criticism from many historians) of

84-425: A [d] when followed by a vowel sound. This is reflected in conventions of Ottoman orthography as well. In Turkish, there is a verb representing to be , but it is a defective verb. It doesn't have an infinitive or several other tenses. It is usually a suffix. Negative verb to be is created with the use of the word دگل değil , followed by the appropriate conjugation of the to be verb; or optionally used as

126-593: A decision backed by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , who said the language should be taught in schools so younger generations do not lose touch with their cultural heritage. Most Ottoman Turkish was written in the Ottoman Turkish alphabet ( Ottoman Turkish : الفبا , romanized :  elifbâ ), a variant of the Perso-Arabic script . The Armenian , Greek and Rashi script of Hebrew were sometimes used by Armenians, Greeks and Jews. (See Karamanli Turkish ,

168-499: A dialect of Ottoman written in the Greek script; Armeno-Turkish alphabet ) The actual grammar of Ottoman Turkish is not different from the grammar of modern Turkish .The focus of this section is on the Ottoman orthography; the conventions surrounding how the orthography interacted and dealt with grammatical morphemes related to conjugations, cases, pronouns, etc. Table below lists nouns with

210-650: A document but would use the native Turkish word bal ( بال ) when buying it. The transliteration system of the İslâm Ansiklopedisi has become a de facto standard in Oriental studies for the transliteration of Ottoman Turkish texts. In transcription , the New Redhouse, Karl Steuerwald, and Ferit Devellioğlu dictionaries have become standard. Another transliteration system is the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (DMG), which provides

252-411: A single root verb, with the addition of a variety of morphemes and suffixes, multiple new and different verbs meanings can be expressed in single but larger words. Below table is a sample from the verb تپمك tepmek meaning 'to kick', whose root (which is also 2nd person imperative) is تپ tep . Each of the produced new verbs below can be made into an infinitive with the addition of ـمك -mek at

294-427: A standalone for 3rd person. Generally, the verbs 'to exist' and 'to have' are expressed using what's called an existential copula , the word وار var . The verb 'to have' is expressed in the same way, except that the object noun will take a possessive pronoun, producing sentences that will literally mean "there exists house of mine". The verbs 'to exist' and 'to have' conjugated for other tenses, are expressed in

336-614: A transliteration system for any Turkic language written in Arabic script. There are few differences between the İA and the DMG systems. Saru Batu Savc%C4%B1 Bey Saru Batu Savcı Bey (died 1286) was the older brother of Osman I , the founder of the Ottoman Empire . He is known to be the most 'mysterious' of Ertuğrul 's children. It is unknown whether Ertuğrul actually had three or four children and it has confused many historians. This

378-435: A variety of phonological features that come into play when taking case suffixes. The table includes a typical singular and plural noun, containing back and front vowels, words that end with the letter ه ـه ([a] or [e]), both back and front vowels, word that ends in a ت ([t]) sound, and word that ends in either ق or ك ([k]). These words are to serve as references, to observe orthographic conventions: Table below shows

420-526: Is Ertugrul's father. After Aşıkpaşazade 's chronicle Tevārīḫ-i Āl-i ʿOsmān (15th century), the Suleyman Shah version became the official one. According to many Turkish sources, Ertuğrul had three brothers named; Sungur-tekin, Gündoğdu and Dündar . After the death of their father, Ertuğrul with his mother Hayme Hatun , Dündar and his followers from the Kayı Tribe migrated west into Anatolia and entered

462-558: Is a grave outside the Ertuğrul Gâzi Tomb which bears the name, but it is disputed. According to many sources, he had two other sons in addition to Osman I: Saru-Batu (Savci) Bey and Gündüz Bey . Like his son, Osman, and their descendants, Ertuğrul is often referred to as a Ghazi , a heroic champion fighter for the cause of Islam . A tomb and mosque dedicated to Ertuğrul is said to have been built by Osman I at Söğüt, but due to several rebuildings nothing certain can be said about

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504-451: Is because of the two names, Saru Batu and Savcı. Some historians combine the two names together while others don't. At Savcı Bey's mausoleum, there are two graves. One is marked as Saru Batu and another named Savcı, which creates this problem. However, in Ottoman tradition , there is no reference to this at all. According to another source, Savcı was the nickname/title of Saru Batu. This was

546-409: Is compound verbs. This consists of adding a Persian or Arabic active or passive participle to a neuter verb, to do ( ایتمك etmek ) or to become ( اولمق olmaq ). For example, note the following two verbs: Below table shows some sample conjugations of these two verbs. The conjugation of the verb "etmek" isn't straightforward, because the root of the verb ends in a [t]. This sound transforms into

588-561: The Ruhnama , a spiritual guide written by Turkmenistan president Saparmurat Niyazov . The Ertuğrul statue has also been depicted on a 2001 commemorative coin . Two statues of Ertuğrul on horseback were placed by a private cooperative housing society in Lahore , Pakistan, in 2020. They were inspired by Diriliş: Ertuğrul , a 2014 TV series. A bust of Ertuğrul was erected in Ordu , Turkey, in 2020. However

630-551: The Oghuz Turks (known as Turkomans by then). These Turkomans fled from western Central Asia to Anatolia to escape the Mongol conquests , but he may instead have been the son of Gündüz Alp . According to this legend, after the death of his father, Ertuğrul and his followers entered the service of the Sultanate of Rum , for which he was rewarded with dominion over the town of Söğüt on

672-623: The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum , leaving his two brothers who took their clans towards the east. In this way, the Kayı Tribe was divided into two parts . According to these later traditions, Ertuğrul was chief of his Kayı Tribe. As a result of his assistance to the Seljuks against the Byzantines, Ertuğrul was granted lands in Karaca Dağ , a mountainous area between Diyarbakır and Urfa , by Kayqubad I ,

714-638: The list of replaced loanwords in Turkish for more examples of Ottoman Turkish words and their modern Turkish counterparts. Two examples of Arabic and two of Persian loanwords are found below. Historically speaking, Ottoman Turkish is the predecessor of modern Turkish. However, the standard Turkish of today is essentially Türkiye Türkçesi (Turkish of Turkey) as written in the Latin alphabet and with an abundance of neologisms added, which means there are now far fewer loan words from other languages, and Ottoman Turkish

756-402: The 1960s, Ottoman Turkish was at least partially intelligible with the Turkish of that day. One major difference between Ottoman Turkish and modern Turkish is the latter's abandonment of compound word formation according to Arabic and Persian grammar rules. The usage of such phrases still exists in modern Turkish but only to a very limited extent and usually in specialist contexts ; for example,

798-682: The Battle of Domaniç). The Battle of Domaniç was a major turning point in the founding of the Ottoman Empire. This is why modern Turkish historians consider it the empire's first real war. This is the third Ottoman battle after the Battle of Mount Armenia  [ tr ] ( Turkish : Cebel-i Ermeniyye ) in 1284 and the Siege of Kulaca Hisar at Tavas in 1285. According to the story Kuruluş : Osman (Establishment : Osman), Saru Batu Savcı Bey Died during

840-533: The Persian genitive construction takdîr-i ilâhî (which reads literally as "the preordaining of the divine" and translates as "divine dispensation" or "destiny") is used, as opposed to the normative modern Turkish construction, ilâhî takdîr (literally, "divine preordaining"). In 2014, Turkey's Education Council decided that Ottoman Turkish should be taught in Islamic high schools and as an elective in other schools,

882-474: The Persian character of its Arabic borrowings with other Turkic languages that had even less interaction with Arabic, such as Tatar , Bashkir , and Uyghur . From the early ages of the Ottoman Empire, borrowings from Arabic and Persian were so abundant that original Turkish words were hard to find. In Ottoman, one may find whole passages in Arabic and Persian incorporated into the text. It was however not only extensive loaning of words, but along with them much of

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924-566: The Seljuk Sultan of Rum. One account indicates that the Seljuk leader's rationale for granting Ertuğrul land was for Ertuğrul to repel any hostile incursion from the Byzantines or other adversary. Later, he received the village of Söğüt which he conquered together with the surrounding lands. That village, where he later died, became the Ottoman capital under his son, Osman I. Osman's mother has been referred to as Halime Hatun in later myths, and there

966-442: The additional - ـنـ [n] is a vowel, the final vowel ی is kept; otherwise it is removed (note the respective examples for kitaplarını versus kitaplarından ). Examples below : Below table shows the positive conjugation for two sample verbs آچمق açmak (to open) and سولمك sevilmek (to be loved). The first verb is the active verb, and the other has been modified to form a passive verb. The first contains back vowels,

1008-491: The bust was removed by local authorities after it was pointed out that it resembled the actor, from the TV series, rather than the historical figure. Ertugrul has been portrayed in the Turkish television series Kuruluş/Osmancık  [ tr ] (1988), adapted from a novel by the same name, Diriliş: Ertuğrul (2014–2019) and the sequel Kuruluş: Osman (2019). Ottoman Turkish language Historically, Ottoman Turkish

1050-417: The end. Ottoman Turkish was highly influenced by Arabic and Persian. Arabic and Persian words in the language accounted for up to 88% of its vocabulary. As in most other Turkic and foreign languages of Islamic communities, the Arabic borrowings were borrowed through Persian, not through direct exposure of Ottoman Turkish to Arabic, a fact that is evidenced by the typically Persian phonological mutation of

1092-512: The frontier with the Byzantine Empire . This set off the chain of events that would ultimately lead to the founding of the Ottoman Empire . Nothing is known with certainty about Ertuğrul's life, other than that he was the father of Osman; historians are thus forced to rely upon stories written about him by the Ottomans more than a century later, which are of questionable accuracy. According to

1134-422: The grammatical systems of Persian and Arabic. In a social and pragmatic sense, there were (at least) three variants of Ottoman Turkish: A person would use each of the varieties above for different purposes, with the fasih variant being the most heavily suffused with Arabic and Persian words and kaba the least. For example, a scribe would use the Arabic asel ( عسل ) to refer to honey when writing

1176-463: The origin of these structures. The current mausoleum was built by sultan Abdul Hamid II (r. 1876–1909) in the late 19th century. The town of Söğüt celebrates an annual festival to the memory of the early Osmans. In 1826, Ertuğrul Cavalry Regiment of the Ottoman Army was named in his honor. The Ottoman frigate Ertuğrul , launched in 1863, was named after him. Abdul Hamid II also had a yacht with

1218-415: The reform was the Turkish nationalist Ziya Gökalp . It also saw the replacement of the Perso-Arabic script with the extended Latin alphabet . The changes were meant to encourage the growth of a new variety of written Turkish that more closely reflected the spoken vernacular and to foster a new variety of spoken Turkish that reinforced Turkey's new national identity as being a post-Ottoman state . See

1260-848: The same name. The Ertuğrul Tekke Mosque (late 19th century) in Istanbul , Turkey and the Ertuğrul Gazi Mosque in Ashgabat , Turkmenistan (completed in 1998), are also named in his honor. The mosque in Turkmenistan was established by the Turkish government as a symbol of the link between Turkey and Turkmenistan . Ertuğrul is one of several statues that surround the Independence Monument in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. The statues depict people praised in

1302-496: The same way, with a possessive pronoun if needed, and copula وار var , followed by the 3rd person singular form of the verb 'to do: ایتمك etmek attached as a suffix (or separate as a stanadalone verb); as conjugated in the above section. The verbs 'not to exist' and 'not to have' are created in the exact same manner and conjugation, except that the copula یوق yok is used. Turkish being an agglutinative language as opposed to an analytical one (generally), means that from

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1344-602: The second front vowels; both containing non-rounded vowels (which also impacts pronounciation and modern Latin orthograhpy). Below table shows the conjugation of a negative verb, and a positive complex verb expressing ability. In Turkish, complex verbs can be constructed by adding a variety of suffixes to the base root of a verb. The two verbs are یازممق yazmamaq (not to write) and سوه‌بلمك sevebilmek (to be able to love). Another common category of verbs in Turkish (more common in Ottoman Turkish than in modern Turkish),

1386-541: The sources written c. 100–150 years after the establishment of the Ottoman state, Ertuğrul's lineage is traced to Noah , through Oghuz Khagan . Ottoman historian and ambassador to the Qara Qoyunlu , Şükrullah states that Ertuğrul's lineage goes to Gökalp, a son of Oghuz Khagan. The author states that the information was shown during a court of Jahan Shah , from a book written in Mongolian script . An undated coin, from

1428-410: The suffixes for creating possessed nouns. Each of these possessed nouns, in turn, take case suffixes as shown above. For third person (singular and plural) possessed nouns, that end in a vowel, when it comes to taking case suffixes, a letter - ـنـ [n] comes after the possessive suffix. For singular endings, the final vowel ی is removed in all instances. For plural endings, if the letter succeeding

1470-509: The time of Osman, with the text "Minted by Osman son of Ertuğrul", suggests that Ertuğrul was a historical figure. Another coin reads "Osman bin Ertuğrul bin Gündüz Alp", though Ertuğrul is traditionally considered the son of Suleyman Shah. Struck by Osman, son of Ertuğrul. May his kingdom perpetuate In Enveri 's Düsturname (1465) and Karamani Mehmet Pasha 's chronicle (before 1481), Gündüz Alp

1512-495: The title of someone who was a diplomat or administrator of a tribe. Savcı Bey had this post from the time of his father, Ertuğrul's leadership, and his brother, Osman's leadership. Saru Batu Savcı Bey died during the Battle of Domaniç which occurred in 1286 before the founding of the Ottoman Empire . It is also known in ancient Ottoman sources as the Battle of the Twins  [ tr ] ( Turkish : İkizce Savaşı , also known as

1554-555: The war with Kalanos, Aya Nikola's second confidant after Flatyos' death As a result of being killed by Saru Batu Savcı Bey himself Sultan Kayqubad I gave Ertuğrul, the village of Söğüt as a winter residence for the Kayı tribe which was warm to them and their animals. He gave them the Domaniç region for when it was cool. Saru Batu Savcı Bey was buried in the village of İkizce in Domaniç, where his grandmother, Ertuğrul's mother, Hayme Ana ,

1596-469: The words of Arabic origin. The conservation of archaic phonological features of the Arabic borrowings furthermore suggests that Arabic-incorporated Persian was absorbed into pre-Ottoman Turkic at an early stage, when the speakers were still located to the north-east of Persia , prior to the westward migration of the Islamic Turkic tribes. An additional argument for this is that Ottoman Turkish shares

1638-517: The works titled “ Tevârîh-i Âl-i Osman  [ tr ] ” ( transl.  "The Chronicles of the House of Osman" ) by Ibn Kemal/Kemalpaşazâde (aka Şemseddin Ahmed) . These accounts may be unreliable but they mention that he died in the Battle of Domaniç ( Turkish : İkizce Savaşı ). In the Turkish television series Diriliş: Ertuğrul , he is played by the Turkish actor, Kerem Bekişoğlu, and in

1680-572: Was also buried near him in Çarşamba . His tomb was known to people as "Jad Bakr" ( Turkish : Bekir'in Dedesi ). In August, a celebration in memory of him is held in Karaköy in Istanbul , Turkey. In a video from 2019 the description is as follows: “Saru Batu Savci Bey, the son of Ertuğrul Gazi, was commemorated at the tomb of Karaköy in our district in the 732nd year of his martyrdom .” This means he died on 1287 AD, 732 years ago. There are also poems in

1722-403: Was not instantly transformed into the Turkish of today. At first, it was only the script that was changed, and while some households continued to use the Arabic system in private, most of the Turkish population was illiterate at the time, making the switch to the Latin alphabet much easier. Then, loan words were taken out, and new words fitting the growing amount of technology were introduced. Until

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1764-470: Was transformed in three eras: In 1928, following the fall of the Ottoman Empire after World War I and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey , widespread language reforms (a part in the greater framework of Atatürk's Reforms ) instituted by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk saw the replacement of many Persian and Arabic origin loanwords in the language with their Turkish equivalents. One of the main supporters of

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