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67-720: The Kodiak History Museum , until 2019 known as the Baranov Museum , is a history museum at 101 East Marine Way in Kodiak, Alaska . It is located in a National Historic Landmark building known as the Russian-American Magazin [ sic ] and the Erskine House , which also houses the office of the Kodiak Historical Society. Built c. 1810, the building is the oldest of four surviving building constructed by

134-619: A Key to the City from mayor Branson and then made an appearance before a crowd of hundreds at the Coast Guard base. The Weather Channel docu-series Coast Guard Alaska follows the lives of Coast Guard members stationed in Kodiak. Czech carmaker Škoda Auto named their new SUV the Škoda Kodiaq , after the Alaskan brown bear, and in tribute Kodiak was renamed Kodiaq for one day (May 6, 2016). In

201-475: A commercial fishing center which continues to be the mainstay of its economy. A lesser economic influence includes tourism, mainly by those seeking outdoor adventure trips. Salmon , halibut , the unique Kodiak bear , elk , Sitka deer (black tail), and mountain goats attract hunting tourists as well as fishermen to the Kodiak Archipelago. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game maintains an office in

268-514: A humid continental climate ( Dfb ) with cold winters and mild summers. Precipitation is heavy year-round, though markedly less in the summer months, when the Aleutian Low is at its weakest. See or edit raw graph data . Kodiak first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as the village of Saint Paul (not to be confused with the city of St. Paul located in the Aleutian Islands). It reported

335-453: A peak ground acceleration estimate of 0.14–0.18 g . The earthquake was assigned a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of X ( Extreme ). Shaking was felt across much of Alaska and parts of western Yukon and British Columbia in Canada. The Alaska earthquake was a subduction zone (megathrust) earthquake, caused by an oceanic plate sinking under a continental plate. The fault responsible

402-408: A center for commercial fishing, and canneries dotted the island in the early 20th century until global farm-raised salmon eliminated these businesses. New processing centers emerged and the industry continues to evolve. During the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt , animals such as the mountain goat , Sitka deer (black tail), rabbits , muskrats , beavers , squirrels , and others were introduced to

469-416: A cost of $ 110 million. The West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center was formed as a direct response to the disaster. Federal disaster relief funds paid for reconstruction as well as financially supporting the devastated infrastructure of Alaska's government, spending hundreds of millions of dollars that helped keep Alaska financially solvent until the discovery of massive oil deposits at Prudhoe Bay . At

536-506: A depth of approximately 15.5 mi (24.9 km). Ocean floor shifts created large tsunamis (up to 220 feet (67 m) in height), which resulted in many of the deaths and much of the property damage. Large rockslides were also caused, resulting in great property damage. Vertical displacement of up to 38 feet (12 m) occurred, affecting an area of 100,000 square miles (260,000 km ) within Alaska. Studies of ground motion have led to

603-461: A household in the city was $ 55,142, and the median income for a family was $ 60,484. Males had a median income of $ 37,074 versus $ 30,049 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 21,522. 7.4% of the population and 3.7% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 8.4% were under the age of 18 and 0.0% were 65 or older. Kodiak is also home for a sizable community of Russian Orthodox Old Believers . Among

670-533: A log dividing wall that is still extant (with doorways cut through it at a later date), and the material that makes up the stairwell to the second floor also appear to be original. The upstairs has flooring that appears to be typical Russian manufacture. Kodiak, Alaska The City of Kodiak ( Alutiiq : Sun'aq ) is the main city and one of seven communities on Kodiak Island in Kodiak Island Borough , Alaska . All commercial transportation between

737-624: A major disaster area the day after the quake. The U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard deployed ships to isolated coastal communities to assist with immediate needs. Bad weather and poor visibility hampered air rescue and observation efforts the day after the quake, but on Sunday the 29th the situation improved and rescue helicopters and observation aircraft were deployed. A military airlift immediately began shipping relief supplies to Alaska, eventually delivering 2,570,000 pounds (1,170,000 kg) of food and other supplies. Broadcast journalist Genie Chance assisted in recovery and relief efforts, staying on

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804-467: A major presence in Kodiak, Alaska. The city of Kodiak is home to a number of annual events that draw locals and people from off-island. The most well-known of these is Kodiak Crab Festival. Organized by the Kodiak Chamber of Commerce, the event takes place over Memorial Day weekend. It includes a county fair-style main event, with carnival rides, food and game booths, and group activities. In addition,

871-804: A massive underwater landslide, resulting in the deaths of 32 people between the collapse of the Valdez city harbor and docks, and inside the ship that was docked there at the time. Nearby, a 27-foot (8.2 m) tsunami destroyed the village of Chenega , killing 23 of the 68 people who lived there. The survivors out-ran the wave, climbing to high ground. Post-quake tsunamis severely affected Whittier , Seward , Kodiak , and other Alaskan communities, as well as people and property in British Columbia , Washington , Oregon , and California . Tsunamis also caused damage in Hawaii and Japan . Evidence of motion directly related to

938-482: A museum. The building was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1962, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. The building is a large rectangular log structure, now resting on a concrete foundation (replacing Erskine's stone foundation). It is 2-1/2 stories in height, 36 feet (11 m) deep and 72 feet (22 m) wide, with a projecting front porch that is partially glassed in. It

1005-443: A new stone foundation for the building and enclosing its porch. He sold it in 1948 to a company which rented it out. After the 1964 Alaska earthquake and tsunami damaged the city, the building was acquired by a government redevelopment authority. Ownership was eventually transferred to the city, which leased it in 1967 to the Kodiak Historical Society. The society has since maintained the property, using it for office space and as

1072-930: A number of events are organized over the three-day weekend that include a kayak race, a marathon , an ultra-marathon , a 9.2-mile (14.8 km) mountain run called the Pillar Mountain Run and others. The official Pardoning of the Crab was added to The Kodiak Crab Fest in 2019. A crab is given a crab themed name, and then saved from the crab pot by a special guest, and then goes to live at the Kodiak Fisheries Research Center Aquarium. 2019: Sheldon, pardoned by US Senator Dan Sullivan (R-AK). 2020: Unknown. 2021: Lenny Crabitz, pardoned by Kodiak City Manager Mike Tvenge. The Kodiak Island Borough School District operates four elementary schools, one middle school and one high school ( Kodiak High School ) serving

1139-414: A population of 288, of which 253 were Alaskan Creoles (a mixture of Russian and Native Alaskans), 20 Whites and 15 Aleuts. In 1890, it would report as "Kadiak" (the then-spelling). In 1900, it returned as "Kadiak Settlement." From 1910 onwards, it reported as Kodiak, and would formally incorporate in 1940. As of the census of 2000, there were 6,334 people, 1,996 households, and 1,361 families residing in

1206-491: A report on May 8, 1964, just a little more than a month after the earthquake. The United States military, which has a large active presence in Alaska, also stepped in to assist within moments of the end of the quake. The U.S. Army rapidly re-established communications with the lower 48 states, deployed troops to assist the citizens of Anchorage, and dispatched a convoy to Valdez. On the advice of military and civilian leaders, President Lyndon B. Johnson declared all of Alaska

1273-470: A spelling change also intended to honor the indigenous Alutiiq , the city was renamed with a number of signs changed across town, including the port facilities and city limits. The letter Q is a common ending for nouns in the Alutiiq language . The film The Guardian (2006) is partially set in Kodiak, but was not filmed there. 1964 Alaska earthquake Lasting four minutes and thirty-eight seconds,

1340-600: A theological school founded in 1972 under the auspices of the Orthodox Church in America . Students from villages all over southern and southwestern Alaska study at St. Herman's in order to become readers or clergy in the Orthodox Church. Kodiak Airport attracts both local and regional airlines, air taxis, and charter floatplanes and helicopters which provide transportation to residents and tourists traveling on and off

1407-435: Is finished in horizontal redwood siding, which covers older siding which may be Russian in origin. It has a steeply-pitched gable roof, which is pierced on its main (southern) elevation by a single gabled dormer. The building's interior has been extensively altered to accommodate the historical society's uses, but much of its older fabric is still evident. The interior was originally divided into two large chambers separated by

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1474-524: The KENI air waves over Anchorage for more than 24 continuous hours as the voice of calm from her temporary post within the Anchorage Public Safety Building. She was effectively designated as the public safety officer by the city's police chief. Chance provided breaking news of the catastrophic events that continued to develop following the magnitude 9.2 earthquake, and she served as the voice of

1541-620: The Ship Creek valley near the Alaska Railroad yards also slid, destroying many acres of buildings and city blocks in downtown Anchorage. Most other areas of the city were only moderately damaged. The 60-foot (18 m) concrete control tower at Anchorage International Airport was not engineered to withstand earthquake activity and collapsed, killing William George Taylor, the Federal Aviation Agency air traffic controller on duty in

1608-626: The Turnagain Arm , were destroyed by subsidence and subsequent tidal action. Girdwood was relocated inland and Portage was abandoned. About 20 miles (32 km) of the Seward Highway sank below the high-water mark of Turnagain Arm; the highway and its bridges were raised and rebuilt in 1964–66. Most coastal towns in the Prince William Sound, Kenai Peninsula , and Kodiak Island areas, especially

1675-607: The ballistic missile detection radar of Clear Air Force Station to go offline for six minutes, the only unscheduled interruption in its operational history. Near Cordova , the Million Dollar Bridge crossing the Copper River also suffered damage, with Span #4 slipping off its pylon and collapsing. The community of Girdwood was also confined to the southern side of the Seward Highway when water rushed into Turnagain Arm and flooded or destroyed any buildings left standing to

1742-585: The 1741 Second Kamchatka Expedition. In the early 1750s the Russian fur trading merchant and explorer Stepan Glotov met a Kodiak Islander in the Aleutian Islands, who told him about the island. On his next voyage Glotov sailed to Kodiak Island, arriving in 1763. The Russians called the island Kad’yak ( Кадьяк ), after the Alutiiq word qikertaq . Several other Russians made fur hunting voyages to Kodiak Island in

1809-815: The 1770s. In 1778 the British captain James Cook explored the area and wrote of "Kodiak" in his journals. In 1779 the Spanish explorers Arteaga y Bazán and Bodega y Quadra reached Afognak in the Kodiak Archipelago . In 1792, the Russian Shelikhov-Golikov Company chief manager Alexander Baranov moved the post at Three Saints Bay (established in 1784) to a new site in Paul's Harbor ( Свято-Павловской гавани , Svyato-Pavlovskoy Gavani ). This developed as

1876-687: The Baranov Museum. Because the First Native cultures revered this animal and would never harm it, the Russians had wars with and enslaved the Aleuts during this era. Eastern Orthodox missionaries settled on the island by the end of the 18th century, continuing European settlement of the island. They held the liturgy in native Tlingit from 1800. The capital of Russian America was moved to Novoarkhangelsk (modern-day Sitka ) in 1804. The Russian-American Company

1943-605: The Russians when Alaska was a Russian territory . The museum's collections and exhibits are focused on the history of the Kodiak Archipelago and the Aleutian Islands , with particular focus on the Russian and early American periods. The museum's current director is Sarah Harrington. The community now known as Kodiak was established in 1793 as Pavlovsk; it was the first permanent Russian settlement in North America, and served as its territorial capital until 1808. This building

2010-588: The U.S. feared attack from Japanese during World War II , and turned the town into a fortress. Roads, the airport, Fort Abercrombie , and gun fortifications improved the island's infrastructure. When Alaska became a state in 1959, government assistance in housing, transportation, and education added additional benefits. In March 1964, a tectonic tsunami struck the city during the 1964 Alaska earthquake with 30-foot (9.1 m) waves that killed 15 people and caused $ 11 million in damage. Some areas near Kodiak were permanently raised by 30 feet (9.1 m). It wiped out

2077-576: The Walmart store that received the most Facebook "likes" from June 18 to July 15, 2012, would have Pitbull visit and put on a show there. An orchestrated internet campaign urged people to vote for the most remote location imaginable, Kodiak, resulting in a sizable lead for that store. The enthusiasm for voting for Kodiak was also a reference to the lyrics of Pitbull's song " Give Me Everything ", in which he rhymes "Kodak" with "Kodak". Walmart confirmed that Kodiak won. Pitbull visited on July 30, where he received

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2144-531: The area's sea otter pelts led to the near extinction of the animal in the following century and led to wars with and enslavement of the natives for over 150 years. The city has experienced two natural disasters in the 20th century: a volcanic ashfall from the 1912 eruption of Novarupta and a tsunami from the 1964 Alaska earthquake . After the Alaska Purchase by the United States in 1867, Kodiak became

2211-458: The city and a website to help hunters and fishermen obtain the proper permits and learn about the laws specific to the Kodiak area. The city has four public elementary schools, a middle and high school, as well as a branch of the University of Alaska . An antenna farm at the summit of Pillar Mountain above the city historically provided communication with the outside world before fiber optic cable

2278-519: The city built on sandy bluffs overlying " Bootlegger Cove clay " near Cook Inlet , most notably the Turnagain neighborhood, suffered landslide damage. The neighborhood lost 75 houses in the landslide, and the destroyed area has since been turned into Earthquake Park . The Government Hill school suffered from the Government Hill landslide, leaving it in two jagged, broken pieces. Land overlooking

2345-597: The city is provided from the Terror Lake Hydroelectric Generating Station owned by the Kodiak Electrical Association. Substantial amounts of energy are also provided by wind turbines and by diesel generators. There are six wind turbines that supply up to 1.5 MW each and have a blade length of 38.5 meters and overall height of 118.5 meters. In 2012, rapper Pitbull was involved in an advertising campaign with Walmart , in which

2412-426: The city's hotels and businesses have these materials in prominent areas for guests, and licenses can be purchased in the city's main sporting goods store and online. The United States Navy operates a small training base near the city called Naval Special Warfare Cold Weather Detachment Kodiak which trains United States Navy SEALs in cold weather survival and advanced tactics. The United States Coast Guard has

2479-401: The city. The population density was 706.8 people/km (1,831 people/sq mi). There were 2,255 housing units at an average density of 251.6 persons per square kilometre (652 persons/sq mi). The racial makeup of the city was 46.4% White, 0.7% African American , 10.5% Native American , 31.7% Asian , 0.9% Pacific Islander, 4.4% from other races, and 5.4% from two or more races. 8.5% of

2546-500: The companies based in Kodiak is Koniag, Incorporated . Kodiak is an important environmental asset, which affects the fishing industry, particularly salmon fishing. Its wild game is coveted by hunters worldwide for the Kodiak bear and other game animals; there are strict laws governing fishing and hunting activities as well as hiking near spawning streams. Both the department and the city maintain websites and publish brochures in order to help communicate these strictly enforced laws. All of

2613-517: The damage done by the earthquake to the city. The team, called the Engineering and Geological Evaluation Group, was headed by Dr. Ruth A. M. Schmidt , a geology professor at the University of Alaska Anchorage . The team of scientists came into conflict with local developers and downtown business owners who wanted to immediately rebuild; the scientists wanted to identify future dangers to ensure that rebuilt infrastructure would be safe. The team produced

2680-512: The earthquake was also reported from Florida and Texas . On March 27, 1964, at 5:36 p.m. AKST (March 28, at 3:36 a.m. UTC ), a fault between the Pacific and North American plates ruptured near College Fjord in Prince William Sound. The epicenter of the earthquake was 12.4 mi (20.0 km) north of Prince William Sound , 78 miles (126 km) east of Anchorage and 40 miles (64 km) west of Valdez. The focus occurred at

2747-514: The earthquake. The tsunami then reached Tofino , on the exposed west coast of Vancouver Island , and traveled up a fjord to hit Port Alberni twice, washing away 55 homes and damaging 375 others. The towns of Hot Springs Cove , Zeballos , and Amai also saw damage. The damage in British Columbia was estimated at CA$ 10 million ($ 96 million in 2023 Canadian dollars or $ 91 million in 2023 US dollars). Twelve people were killed by

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2814-488: The island and the Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge was created. Kodiak was severely impacted by the 1912 eruption of Novarupta . Though situated 160 miles (260 km) southeast of the eruption center, the town was covered with 1 foot (30 cm) of ash over a short period of time. Townspeople sheltered in the U.S. Revenue Cutter Manning which was docked nearby. As Kodiak was incorporated in 1941,

2881-538: The island's communities and the outside world goes through this city via ferryboat or airline. As of the 2020 census , the population of the city is 5,581, down from 6,130 in 2010. It is the tenth-largest city in Alaska . Inhabited by Alutiiq natives for over 7,000 years, Kodiak was settled in 1792 by subjects of the Russian crown . Originally named Paul's Harbor , it was the capital of Russian Alaska . Russian harvesting of

2948-603: The island, and Kodiak Community Health Center with smaller primary care practices in Kodiak. Specialty medical services are intermittently available at Kodiak Area Native Association and at Providence Kodiak Island Medical Center. Hospital and emergency care are provided at Providence Kodiak Island Medical Center, the only hospital on Kodiak Island. Individuals located in the smaller surrounding communities are cared for in small village clinics and, when critically ill, may be airlifted into Kodiak via helicopter or air ambulance due to remoteness and lack of roads. Most electrical energy for

3015-419: The island. The Alaska Marine Highway provides further transportation via two ferries, MV Tustumena and MV Kennicott . These ships can carry 211 and 748 passengers, respectively, and serve routes between Kodiak, Homer , and Whittier , although the ferry system no longer takes passengers to Seward . Floatplane and bush plane companies regularly take tourists to remote areas and wilderness lodges both on

3082-829: The magnitude 9.2–9.3 megathrust earthquake remains the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in North America , and the second most powerful earthquake ever recorded in the world since modern seismography began in 1900. Six hundred miles (970 km) of fault ruptured at once and moved up to 60 ft (18 m), releasing about 500 years of stress buildup. Soil liquefaction , fissures, landslides, and other ground failures caused major structural damage in several communities and much damage to property. Anchorage sustained great destruction or damage to many inadequately earthquake-engineered houses, buildings, and infrastructure (paved streets, sidewalks, water and sewer mains, electrical systems, and other man-made equipment), particularly in

3149-453: The major ports of Seward , Whittier and Kodiak were heavily damaged by a combination of seismic activity, subsidence , post-quake tsunamis and/or earthquake-caused fires . Valdez with 32 dead was not totally destroyed, but after three years, the town relocated to higher ground four miles (6.4 km) west of its original site. Some Alaska Native villages, including Chenega and Afognak , were destroyed or damaged. The earthquake caused

3216-490: The majority of the tsunami damage. Tsunami waves were noted in over 20 countries, including Peru, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Japan, Mexico, and in the continent of Antarctica . The largest tsunami wave was recorded in Shoup Bay , Alaska, with a height of about 220 ft (67 m). As a result of the earthquake, 131 people are believed to have died: Nine died as a result of the earthquake itself and another 122 died from

3283-607: The neighboring Native villages of Old Harbor and Kaguyak. The Standard Oil Company , the Alaskan King Crab Company, and much of the fishing fleet were also destroyed. Kodiak is located on the eastern shore of Kodiak Island . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 4.9 square miles (12.6 km ), divided into 3.5 sq mi (9.0 km ) of land and 1.4 sq mi (3.6 km ) (28.66%) of water. Kodiak has

3350-465: The north of the highway. Only the ground immediately along the highway and that on the north side of the road dropped, prompting geologists to speculate that Girdwood may rest upon an ancient cliff face covered by thousands of years of sediment and glacial deposits. A 4.5 ft (1.4 m) wave reached Prince Rupert, British Columbia , just south of the Alaska Panhandle , about three hours after

3417-618: The nucleus of modern Kodiak. Baranov considered Three Saints Bay a poor location because it was too indefensible. The relocated settlement was first named Pavlovskaya Gavan ( Павловская гавань – Paul's Harbor). A warehouse was built in what became one of the key posts of the Shelikhov-Golikov Company, a precursor of the Russian-American Company and a center for harvesting the area's vast population of sea otters for their prized pelts. The warehouse still stands as

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3484-434: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. At the 2020 Census, the population had declined to 5,581. There were 1,996 households, out of which 40.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a woman whose husband does not live with her, and 31.8% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who

3551-458: The public safety office, coordinating response efforts, connecting available resources to needs around the community, disseminating information about shelters and prepared food rations, passing messages of well-being between loved ones, and helping to reunite families. In the longer term, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers led the effort to rebuild roads, clear debris, and establish new townsites for communities that had been completely destroyed, at

3618-486: The region for more than a year. Alaska had never experienced a major disaster in a highly populated area before, and had very limited resources for dealing with the effects of such an event. In Anchorage, at the urging of geologist Lidia Selkregg , the City of Anchorage and the Alaska State Housing Authority appointed a team of 40 scientists, including geologists, soil scientists, and engineers, to assess

3685-499: The several landslide zones along Knik Arm . Two hundred miles (320 km) southwest, some areas near Kodiak were permanently raised by 30 feet (9 m). Southeast of Anchorage, areas around the head of Turnagain Arm near Girdwood and Portage dropped as much as 8 feet (2.4 m), requiring reconstruction and fill to raise the Seward Highway above the new high tide mark. In Prince William Sound , Port Valdez suffered

3752-575: The subsequent tsunamis all over the world. Five died from the tsunami in Oregon , and 12 died from the tsunami in Crescent City , California . Property damage was estimated at $ 116 million ($ 0.87 billion in 2023 dollars). Most damage occurred in Anchorage, 75 mi (121 km) northwest of the epicenter. Anchorage was not hit by tsunamis, but downtown Anchorage was heavily damaged, and parts of

3819-438: The tower cab at the time the earthquake began. One house on W. 10th Avenue suffered peripheral damage, but only one block away the recently completed (and still unoccupied) Four Seasons Building on Ninth Avenue collapsed completely, with the concrete elevator shafts sticking up out of the rubble like a seesaw. The hamlets of Girdwood and Portage , located 30 and 40 mi (48 and 64 km) southeast of central Anchorage on

3886-401: The town of Kodiak and the immediate area surrounding the city of Kodiak. A further 6 schools serve rural sites in the district and are operated as k-12 schools. The city is home to Kodiak College , a satellite campus of the University of Alaska Anchorage . Within the public school district, there are eight rural schools. Kodiak is also home to Saint Herman's Orthodox Theological Seminary ,

3953-523: The tsunami in or near Crescent City, California , while four children were killed on the Oregon coast at Beverly Beach State Park . Other coastal towns in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and Hawaii were damaged. Minor damage to boats occurred as far south as Los Angeles. Effects of the earthquake were even noted as far east as Freeport, Texas , where tide gauges recorded waves similar to seismic surface waves . Seiches were detected in wells in countries around

4020-468: The various islands of the Kodiak Archipelago and the Katmai coast for bear viewing, hunting, and hikes. The city business community also has a fleet of privately owned taxis as well as kayaks, mountain bikes, and all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) for rent. Kodiak has robust primary care, led by Kodiak Area Native Association, a Tribal Health Organization with HRSA support that sees Native and Non-Native persons around

4087-399: The world, including England, Namibia, and Australia. There were hundreds of aftershocks in the first weeks following the main shock. In the first day alone, eleven major aftershocks were recorded with a magnitude greater than 6.0. Nine more struck over the next three weeks. In all, thousands of aftershocks occurred in the months following the quake, and smaller aftershocks continued to strike

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4154-450: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.10 and the average family size was 3.64. In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.1% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 120.6 males. The median income for

4221-546: Was built in the first decade of the 19th century as a storage facility (or "magazin") by the Russian American Company . When Alaska came under American control, the building was purchased by the Alaska Commercial Company , which continued the business operations previously engaged in by the Russians. In 1911 the building was sold to W. J. Erskine, who used the building as a private residence, constructing

4288-420: Was established in 1799 as a joint-stock company by decree of Emperor Paul to continue the harvest of sea otter and other fur-bearing animals and establish permanent settlements. By the mid-19th century, the sea otter was almost extinct and 85% of the First Native population had disappeared from exposure to European diseases and violence. When Russia sold Alaska to the United States in 1867 , Kodiak developed as

4355-560: Was observed for 285,000 km (110,000 sq mi) from north and west of the sound, in Chugach Mountains, most of Kenai Peninsula, and almost all the Kodiak Island group. Two types of tsunami were produced by this subduction zone earthquake. There was a tectonic tsunami produced in addition to about 20 smaller and local tsunamis. These smaller tsunamis were produced by submarine and subaerial landslides and were responsible for

4422-490: Was run. Transportation to and from the island is provided by ferry service on the Alaska Marine Highway as well as local commercial airlines. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Kodiak Archipelago has been home to the Alutiiq for at least 7,000 years. In their language , qikertaq means "island". The first Europeans to sight Kodiak Island were the explorers Vitus Bering and Aleksei Chirikov , during

4489-645: Was the Aleutian Megathrust , a reverse fault caused by a compressional force. This caused much of the uneven ground which is the result of ground shifted to the opposite elevation. Uplift occurred across 520,000 km (200,000 sq mi) from southern Kodiak to Prince William Sound and further east of the sound. The maximum uplift was in Montague Island, where the ground was raised 13–15 m (43–49 ft) relative to sea level. The uplift also affected Kodiak, Sitkalidak, and Sitkinak islands. Subsidence

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