Íñigo Errejón Galván ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˈiɲiɣo ereˈxoŋ galˈβan] ; born 14 December 1983) is a Spanish political scientist and former politician.
64-564: Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science , he was the secretary for policy and strategy and campaigning of Podemos (managing several electoral campaigns of the political party) as well as a member of the 11th and 12th terms of the Congress of Deputies . He split from Podemos and founded a new platform in early 2019, Más Madrid , under which Errejón was elected to the Assembly of Madrid and that
128-617: A socialist , anti-capitalist think tank in Spain that performed the majority of its work in Latin America. He worked as a secretary for CEPS and was a member of its executive board. He also collaborated with the GIS XXI Foundation [ es ] (a polling firm linked to the Venezuelan government) and was appointed as director of its Political Identities research line. He later became
192-511: A "split"), this formal unlinking from the party unleashed an internal crisis in Podemos. The crisis' toll took Ramón Espinar (the regional leader of Podemos in Madrid), who quit frontline politics in disagreement with the decision taken by Iglesias of actually presenting an alternative list to Errejón's in the regional election (Podemos had convened not to present an alternative list to Carmena's vis-à-vis
256-674: A "well-known politician who lives in Madrid". After the resignation, Elisa Mouliaá announced that she had reported Errejón to the police for an alleged sexual assault in September 2021. According to Chazel and Fernández, Errejón transitioned from the anarchist and libertarian sensibilities of his youth to an interest in Latin American populism, displaying a convergence toward the Essex School of discourse analysis in his PhD dissertation, underpinning
320-431: A 14.69% of the valid votes, earning 20 seats of the 11th term of the Assembly of Madrid , while the list led by Podemos ( Unidas Podemos Izquierda Unida Madrid en Pie ), obtained a hair over the 5% electoral threshold; the whole left-of-centre forces (including PSOE ) fell again short of forming a left-wing majority in the regional parliament (with 64 out of 132 seats). As negotiations between PSOE Unidas Podemos to form
384-568: A breaking point in Podemos as both Iglesias and Errejón deemed the results of the election as a failure, but because of different strategical reasons; Errejón in particular resented the defence of Iglesias had made of the alliance with IU. Errejón became the Spokesperson of the Unidos Podemos-En Comú Podem-En Marea Confederal Parliamentary Group. During the 12th Congress of Deputies, he also joined
448-458: A coalition government presided by Pedro Sánchez after the April 2019 general election collapsed, a general election set for December 2019 was in the horizon. An alternative list vying to run in the new election around Más Madrid in order to break the deadlock was postulated. The initiative was approved by the party members during an informal assembly on 22 September 2019. Three days later the platform
512-480: A host of political systems and situations. Other approaches include the study of equation-based models and opinion dynamics. Political theorists approach theories of political phenomena with a similar diversity of positions and tools, including feminist political theory , historical analysis associated with the Cambridge school , and Straussian approaches . Political science may overlap with topics of study that are
576-482: A key role in setting up political science departments that were distinct from history, philosophy, law, sociology, and economics. The journal Political Science Quarterly was established in 1886 by the Academy of Political Science. In the inaugural issue of Political Science Quarterly , Munroe Smith defined political science as "the science of the state. Taken in this sense, it includes the organization and functions of
640-449: A member of Izquierda Anticapitalista (IZAN). Errejón was a scout during his teenage years. Initially close to the political tradition of libertarian Marxism , Errejón started his political activity as activist in the "Colectivo 1984" in Pozuelo de Alarcón . In 2006, he helped to found Contrapoder, a student association described as anticapitalist or anti-establishment . He studied at
704-540: A member of Consultative Board of the Strategic Latin American Centre of Geopolitics [ es ] (CELAG). He was a member of the editorial board of the political analysis journal Viento Sur [ es ] , linked to IZAN. In 2014, Pablo Iglesias appointed Errejón as campaign manager for Podemos in the European Parliament elections of 2014 . The campaign was a success, and
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#1732863240106768-542: A more analytical corpus of knowledge in the discipline. This period saw a surge of research that borrowed theory and methods from economics to study political institutions, such as the United States Congress, as well as political behavior, such as voting. William H. Riker and his colleagues and students at the University of Rochester were the main proponents of this shift. Despite considerable research progress in
832-526: A qualified majority in the voting of the composition of the State Citizen Council, with Errejón's project obtaining roughly one third of the votes. Iglesias thus imposed his vision and project in the party, in what it was considered then a triumph of the more left-wing faction of Podemos. Just after Vistalegre II, Errejón was demoted from the position of Spokesperson of the Parliamentary Group in
896-508: A reconfiguration of the legitimate demos . Errejón was a supporter of the figure of Hugo Chávez (whom he deemed a "source of political pedagogy"), and an early defender of the Venezuelan bolivarian experience (Venezuela was described by Errejón as "my adopted fatherland"). In a 2013 interview to Venezuelan newspaper Correo del Orinoco , Errejón got to the point of stating that the lines for food Venezuelans experienced for hours were "because they have more money to consume more" and that there
960-534: A rich field for the growth of both normative and positive political science, with each part of the discipline sharing some historical predecessors. The American Political Science Association and the American Political Science Review were founded in 1903 and 1906, respectively, in an effort to distinguish the study of politics from economics and other social phenomena. APSA membership rose from 204 in 1904 to 1,462 in 1915. APSA members played
1024-446: A separate constituent college or academic department, then political science may be a separate department housed as part of a division or school of humanities or liberal arts . At some universities, especially research universities and in particular those that have a strong cooperation between research, undergraduate, and graduate faculty with a stronger more applied emphasis in public administration, political science would be taught by
1088-627: A speaker at the International Forum for Empowerment and Equality , held in Buenos Aires. He was also campaign manager for the regional elections on 24 May that year. Errejón ran as a candidate for Podemos in the December 2015 general election , and was included third in the party list for the Lower House in the constituency of Madrid . Elected as a member of the Congress of Deputies , he joined
1152-413: A study of human behavior , in all aspects of politics , observations in controlled environments are often challenging to reproduce or duplicate, though experimental methods are increasingly common (see experimental political science ). Citing this difficulty, former American Political Science Association President Lawrence Lowell once said "We are limited by the impossibility of experiment. Politics
1216-411: A university discipline was marked by the creation of university departments and chairs with the title of political science arising in the late 19th century. The designation "political scientist" is commonly used to denote someone with a doctorate or master's degree in the field. Integrating political studies of the past into a unified discipline is ongoing, and the history of political science has provided
1280-472: A variety of capacities, people educated and trained in political science can add value and expertise to corporations . Private enterprises such as think tanks , research institutes, polling and public relations firms often employ political scientists. Political scientists may study political phenomena within one specific country. For example, they may study just the politics of the United States or just
1344-412: Is methodologically diverse and appropriates many methods originating in psychology, social research , political philosophy, and many others, in addition to those that developed chiefly within the field of political science. Political scientists approach the study of politics from a host of different ontological orientations and with a variety of different tools. Because political science is essentially
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#17328632401061408-416: Is a defining feature of contemporary political science. Empirical political science methods include the use of field experiments, surveys and survey experiments, case studies, process tracing, historical and institutional analysis, ethnography, participant observation, and interview research. Political scientists also use and develop theoretical tools like game theory and agent-based models to study
1472-401: Is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political institutions, political thought and behavior, and associated constitutions and laws . As a social science, contemporary political science started to take shape in the latter half of the 19th century and began to separate itself from political philosophy and history. Into
1536-951: Is a social study concerning the allocation and transfer of power in decision making , the roles and systems of governance including governments and international organizations , political behaviour, and public policies . It measures the success of governance and specific policies by examining many factors, including stability , justice , material wealth , peace , and public health . Some political scientists seek to advance positive theses (which attempt to describe how things are, as opposed to how they should be) by analysing politics; others advance normative theses, such as by making specific policy recommendations. The study of politics and policies can be closely connected—for example, in comparative analyses of which types of political institutions tend to produce certain types of policies. Political science provides analysis and predictions about political and governmental issues. Political scientists examine
1600-409: Is an observational, not an experimental science." Because of this, political scientists have historically observed political elites, institutions, and individual or group behaviour in order to identify patterns, draw generalizations, and build theories of politics. Like all social sciences, political science faces the difficulty of observing human actors that can only be partially observed and who have
1664-638: Is the son of José Antonio Errejón Villacieros (a public servant in the Spanish Central Administration who held senior positions in different ministries) and María de los Ángeles Galván (a biologist). His father, a Marxist who had been a member of the Workers' Party , became one of the signatories of the 1983 Tenerife Manifesto (the text which marked the birth of the Greens in Spain) and much later in time, also
1728-547: The Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), where he earned a licentiate degree in Political Science in 2006. During his time at university, he was a part of social movements linked to civil disobedience in Madrid. While preparing his doctoral thesis, Errejón stayed at the University of California, Los Angeles from 2007 to 2008 (under a visit coordinated by John Agnew ), the University of Bologna (2010) and
1792-657: The Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales [ es ] in Ecuador (2011). In 2012, he earned a PhD degree in Political Science after writing a dissertation titled La lucha por la hegemonía durante el primer gobierno del MAS en Bolivia (2006-2009): un análisis discursivo , dealing with the political discourse during the first mandate in power of Bolivia's Movement for Socialism (MAS), and supervised by Heriberto Cairo Carou [ es ] . Errejón began working for Center for Political and Social Studies Foundation (CEPS),
1856-456: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Centro Estratégico Latinoamericano de Geopolítica " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait
1920-423: The politics of China . Political scientists look at a variety of data, including constitutions, elections , public opinion , and public policy , foreign policy , legislatures, and judiciaries. Political scientists will often focus on the politics of their own country; for example, a political scientist from Indonesia may become an expert in the politics of Indonesia. The theory of political transitions, and
1984-720: The Committee on Finance and Public Administrations. He also became the Spokesperson of the Podemos parliamentary group (effectively number 2 in the parliamentary group after Iglesias). As no government could be formed during the 11th term of the Cortes Generales , a new general election for was called for June 2016 . Errejón ran third as candidate to the Congress in the Unidos Podemos list, a coalition between Podemos, United Left (IU) and other left-wing parties. The 2016 election brought
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2048-496: The Congress of Deputies and replaced by Irene Montero . In May 2018 Errejón launched a bid for the primary election to determine the Podemos list for the May 2019 Madrilenian regional election under the Sí Madrid 2019 platform. Run as the party-liner candidacy, with no credible rival, it commanded a 98% of support from the party members. In January 2019, Errejón announced he would run in
2112-554: The Constitutional Committee (in which he held the role of spokesperson of his parliamentary group) as well as the Committee on Finance and Public Function, the Committee on Finance and Public Administrations and the temporary Committee on the investigation of the alleged illegal funding of the People's Party. From December 2016 to February 2017 the 2nd Podemos Citizen Assembly ("Vistalegre II") took place. Errejón did not bid for
2176-502: The Mixed Parliamentary Group, helped to create another miscellaneous group, the "Plural Parliamentary Group", merging with other legislators. On 7 January 2020, Errejón congratulated Sánchez and Iglesias during the former's investiture session as prime minister, as both have reached a government coalition agreement, and warned that the action of the new government should not be directed against the opposition right-wing forces in
2240-577: The UMA was opened, with the UMA announcing it would suspend Errejón's salary in December 2014. However, eventually no disciplinary sanction was actually enforced by the UMA on Errejón, as Errejón had already asked that the contract not be renewed. Errejón was the campaign manager for Podemos in the Andalusian parliamentary elections of 22 March 2015 , in which the party won 15 seats. In the same month, he participated as
2304-1204: The United States is Pi Sigma Alpha , while Pi Alpha Alpha is a national honor society specifically designated for public administration . Centro Estrat%C3%A9gico Latinoamericano de Geopol%C3%ADtica Look for Centro Estratégico Latinoamericano de Geopolítica on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Centro Estratégico Latinoamericano de Geopolítica in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use
2368-485: The United States, see political science as part of a broader discipline of political studies or politics in general. While political science implies the use of the scientific method , political studies implies a broader approach, although the naming of degree courses does not necessarily reflect their content. Separate, specialized or, in some cases, professional degree programs in international relations , public policy , and public administration are common at both
2432-406: The capacity for making conscious choices, unlike other subjects, such as non-human organisms in biology , minerals in geoscience , chemical elements in chemistry , stars in astronomy , or particles in physics . Despite the complexities, contemporary political science has progressed by adopting a variety of methods and theoretical approaches to understanding politics, and methodological pluralism
2496-459: The characteristics and functions of the ideal state. Generally, classical political philosophy is primarily defined by a concern for Hellenic and Enlightenment thought, political scientists are also marked by a great concern for " modernity " and the contemporary nation state , along with the study of classical thought, and as such share more terminology with sociologists (e.g., structure and agency ). The advent of political science as
2560-445: The conditions of his contract as a researcher at the University of Málaga (UMA), as the latter demanded physical presence and reportedly Errejón did not attend the UMA. Concerns on the incompatibility of his job as researcher with other paid activities (such as campaign manager) also appeared. While his supervisor (fellow Podemos board member Alberto Montero) alleged Errejón had verbal permission to work long distance, an investigation by
2624-535: The discipline based on all types of scholarship discussed above, scholars have noted that progress toward systematic theory has been modest and uneven. In 2000, the Perestroika Movement in political science was introduced as a reaction against what supporters of the movement called the mathematicization of political science. Those who identified with the movement argued for a plurality of methodologies and approaches in political science and for more relevance of
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2688-500: The discipline to those outside of it. Some evolutionary psychology theories argue that humans have evolved a highly developed set of psychological mechanisms for dealing with politics. However, these mechanisms evolved for dealing with the small group politics that characterized the ancestral environment and not the much larger political structures in today's world. This is argued to explain many important features and systematic cognitive biases of current politics. Political science
2752-470: The discipline. A focus on studying political behavior, rather than institutions or interpretation of legal texts, characterized early behavioral political science, including work by Robert Dahl , Philip Converse , and in the collaboration between sociologist Paul Lazarsfeld and public opinion scholar Bernard Berelson . The late 1960s and early 1970s witnessed a takeoff in the use of deductive, game-theoretic formal modelling techniques aimed at generating
2816-456: The following year, he stated in another interview that "Venezuela is a disaster and it is obvious that I do not want that model for my country. Political Science Political science is the scientific study of politics . It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought, political behavior , and associated constitutions and laws . Political science
2880-442: The intellectual goal of the creation of hegemony through discourse . A follower of Ernesto Laclau (whom he has explicitly cited several times as leading intellectual reference) and Chantal Mouffe , Errejón has been considered as the "most forthcoming" figure in Podemos when it came to embrace the party as populist . According to Franzé, rather than as antagonism between already existing actors, Errejón would understand populism as
2944-430: The late 19th century, it was still uncommon for political science to be considered a distinct field from history. The term "political science" was not always distinguished from political philosophy, and the modern discipline has a clear set of antecedents including moral philosophy, political economy, political theology , history, and other fields concerned with normative determinations of what ought to be and with deducing
3008-465: The methods of analyzing and anticipating crises, form an important part of political science. Several general indicators of crises and methods were proposed for anticipating critical transitions. Among them, one statistical indicator of crisis, a simultaneous increase of variance and correlations in large groups, was proposed for crisis anticipation and may be successfully used in various areas. Its applicability for early diagnosis of political crises
3072-608: The municipal election). Errejón was then asked to leave his seat of deputy, and he (still leaving a door open to reach a unitary list of Más Madrid with Podemos, IU and Equo) quit the Congress of Deputies on 21 January. Íñigo Errejón contested the 24 May regional election in Madrid as head of the Más Madrid list (also postulating himself as prospective candidate to become the President of the Community of Madrid ). The Más Madrid list obtained
3136-544: The new party won 1.2 million votes. Errejón himself became one of the most prominent Podemos politicians in terms of public profile, featuring in TV shows like La Sexta noche . On 15 November 2014, he was chosen as one of the 11 members of the Council of Coordination of Podemos, commissioned to the post of Secretary of Policy of the party executive board. By late 2014 Errejón faced public scrutiny and criticism as he had allegedly breached
3200-466: The party leadership (with Iglesias standing as candidate for Secretary-General with the single alternative candidacy of Juan Moreno Yagüe ) but presented a project ( Recuperar la Ilusión ) competing with another two alternatives (around Iglesias and Anticapitalistas , respectively) in the matter of the composition of the State Citizen Council and the voting of several party documents. Iglesias confirmed his role as Secretary General and his platform commanded
3264-644: The processes, systems and political dynamics of countries and regions of the world, often to raise public awareness or to influence specific governments. Political scientists may provide the frameworks from which journalists, special interest groups, politicians, and the electorate analyze issues. According to Chaturvedy, Political scientists may serve as advisers to specific politicians, or even run for office as politicians themselves. Political scientists can be found working in governments, in political parties, or as civil servants. They may be involved with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) or political movements. In
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#17328632401063328-465: The regional election under the Más Madrid list, the platform previously presented by Manuela Carmena (the Mayor of Madrid) in order to run in the municipal election (both the regional and municipal elections were to be celebrated on 26 May). While the initiative of Más Madrid was purposely open to further negotiation to include Podemos in some form (it was framed by Errejón as an "invitation" rather than as
3392-425: The social sciences as a whole, can be described "as a discipline which lives on the fault line between the 'two cultures' in the academy, the sciences and the humanities ." Thus, in most American colleges, especially liberal arts colleges , it would be located within the school or college of arts and sciences . If no separate college of arts and sciences exists, or if the college or university prefers that it be in
3456-586: The state, and the relation of states one to another." As part of a UNESCO initiative to promote political science in the late 1940s, the International Political Science Association was founded in 1949, as well as national associations in France in 1949, Britain in 1950, and West Germany in 1951. In the 1950s and the 1960s, a behavioral revolution stressing the systematic and rigorously scientific study of individual and group behavior swept
3520-421: The study of culture in anthropology. In turn, methodologies that are developed within political science may influence how researchers in other fields, like public health, conceive of and approach political processes and policies. The most common piece of academic writing in generalist political sciences is the research paper, which investigates an original research question . Political science, possibly like
3584-514: The traditional focuses of other social sciences—for example, when sociological norms or psychological biases are connected to political phenomena. In these cases, political science may either inherit their methods of study or develop a contrasting approach. For example, Lisa Wedeen has argued that political science's approach to the idea of culture, originating with Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba and exemplified by authors like Samuel P. Huntington , could benefit from aligning more closely with
3648-602: The undergraduate and postgraduate levels, although most but not all undergraduate level education in these sub-fields of political science is generally found in academic concentrations within a political science academic major . Master's-level programs in public administration are professional degrees covering public policy along with other applied subjects; they are often seen as more linked to politics than any other discipline, which may be reflected by being housed in that department. The main national honor society for college and university students of government and politics in
3712-458: The university's public policy school . Most United States colleges and universities offer BA programs in political science. MA or MAT and PhD or EdD programs are common at larger universities. The term political science is more popular in post-1960s North America than elsewhere while universities predating the 1960s or those historically influenced by them would call the field of study government ; other institutions, especially those outside
3776-506: The upcoming legislative term, as it would then buy the right-wing argument of Spain being split in two, rather than what Errejón thought it was actually the case (that "Spain is divided by inequality "). He then proceeded to vote 'yes' in the second round of the investiture. On 24 October 2024, Errejón announced his retirement from politics, writing a statement in which he admitted to "mistakes". This followed Cristina Fallarás writing about another woman allegedly suffering sexual violence from
3840-455: Was a "culture of queues" because Venezuelans supposedly enjoyed socialising. Spanish newspaper La Gaceta dismissed Errejón's statements as "absurd". Errejón assured in a 2018 interview that the country had made "very important progress" and that "people eat three meals a day". When the interviewer pointed out that the population had lost "around 10 kilos on average in recent years", Errejón responded by saying "I don't have that data". However,
3904-416: Was also developed. The study of major crises, both political crises and external crises that can affect politics, is not limited to attempts to predict regime transitions or major changes in political institutions. Political scientists also study how governments handle unexpected disasters, and how voters in democracies react to their governments' preparations for and responses to crises. Political science
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#17328632401063968-525: Was demonstrated by the analysis of the prolonged stress period preceding the 2014 Ukrainian economic and political crisis. There was a simultaneous increase in the total correlation between the 19 major public fears in the Ukrainian society (by about 64%) and in their statistical dispersion (by 29%) during the pre-crisis years. A feature shared by certain major revolutions is that they were not predicted. The theory of apparent inevitability of crises and revolutions
4032-562: Was later re-constituted as Más País in order to run in the November 2019 general election , with the outcome of Errejón returning to the Congress of Deputies. He left politics in October 2024 after being accused of sexual assault. From the standpoint of political theory, he is influenced by Ernesto Laclau and the Essex School of discourse analysis . Born on 14 December 1983 in Madrid , Íñigo Errejón
4096-588: Was launched under the name Más País and Errejón was elected to lead it, vowing "to be at the service of a progressive government". Más País later reached agreements to run in coalition with Compromís , Equo and Chunta Aragonesista in several constituencies. The party coalition with Equo in Madrid obtained just two seats at the election, while the Compromís-dominated alliance in Valencia earned another seat. The Más País legislators, initially destined to join
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