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66-537: The original name of the barracks was Kaserne "München-Freimann" . Until the end of World War II the barracks were primarily used by the SS-Standarte ;1 "Deutschland" . After the war the UNRRA used the buildings as a displaced persons camp . When the barracks were acquired by the U.S. Army in 1950, they were renamed to Warner Kaserne . The huge main building (earlier on number 1701; today number 1)

132-573: A humiliating settlement that reduced the size of the country by half. The Electorate of Hanover , up till the Convention of Artlenburg ruled in personal union by the English King George III , was incorporated into Prussia. The King's German Legion formed in Britain from officers and soldiers of the dissolved Hanoverian Army , was the only army of a German state that was continually fighting

198-668: A Saxon army at Lobositz . Frederick would then invade Bohemia, the Prussians besieged Prague , but they were defeated at Kolin . Since Prussia looked vulnerable, the Austrians and French invaded Prussian lands. However, the French were defeated at Rossbach and the Austrians at Leuthen . In 1758, Frederick the Great tried to invade Austria, but he failed. Now, the Russians tried to defeat the Prussians, but

264-571: A centralized general staff and a professional officer corps. Following Napoleon's defeat in Russia , Prussia, Austria and a few other German states saw their chance and joined the anti-French forces in the Sixth Coalition , which won a decisive victory over France at Leipzig in 1813 and forced the abdication of Napoleon. Although declared an outlaw by the Congress of Vienna , Napoleon returned and met

330-516: A civil war to defend his title. He defended his title and owed the Pope for acknowledging him and helping him retain his title. For this, Emperor Frederick passed the Golden Bull of Eger in which he made concessions to the church. In 1244, the war of Flemish Succession broke out with two counties, one German and one French, arguing over who was to succeed Margaret II, Countess of Flanders . The conflict

396-520: A crusade would end, the Hussite armies go on "Beautiful Rides" and would invade the lands where the crusaders were from. One such place was Saxony. After Žižka's death in 1424, the Hussite armies were led by Prokop the Great to another victory at the Battle of Tachov in 1427. The Hussites repeatedly invaded central German lands, though they made no attempt at permanent occupation, and at one point made it all of

462-517: A few hundred troops and equipment, to brigade level formation with supporting units, or approximately three to five thousand troops and their equipment. The largest single unit combat force in Germany, the First Brigade of the U.S. 3rd Armored Division was housed at Ayers Kaserne, Kirch-Göns, Germany , also known as "The Rock". While several dozen kasernes with NATO forces were once spread across

528-638: A military class, but quite contrarily avoided military conflict on the basis of their immense wealth. As well, knights would have been more likely to ravage the countryside in order to get a country to submit to their authority, rather than seek open battle to prove their point. Fortifications in Medieval Germany were built similarly to those of the Roman style , with the caveat of stone-built castles . Forts were generally well constructed and effective against attack. There were several kinds of fortifications such as

594-505: A river. Leaderless, panicked and attacked on all sides, only a tiny fraction of the original forces continued onward. Towards the end of the twelfth century in 1198, there was the beginning of the German Throne Dispute . Henry VI died unexpectedly and there was a succession crisis. The direction of the empire was under scrutiny and was altered by the princes of the empire. The result was a conflict that lasted almost 17 years before

660-507: A sovereign Teutonic Order state . Their conflict of interests with the Polish-Lithuanian state lead in 1410 to Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg) where a Polish-Lithuanian army inflicted a decisive defeat and broke its military power, although the Order withstood the following Siege of Marienburg and managed to retain most of its territories. In 1212, Emperor Frederick was forced to fight

726-586: A strategic objective for Christendom . Mostly, the defense of territory gained in conquest against Muslims in the Holy Land . However, it's possible some could have been built in the Prussian Crusade in the 13th century. This all changed with the influence of gunpowder weapons as used during sieges. The tactics of the Middle Ages varied greatly. A large amount of tactics were still based on Roman ideas. Such as

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792-617: A threat by the Bishop of Minden . The Battle took place at the abandoned village of Sedemuender. The result was the total defeat of the townsfolk. In 1311, Reichskrieg , (Imperial War) a war between the Holy Roman Empire and the Count of Württemberg broke out. The Count, Eberhard , was upset that the imperial Ban was placed on him for the way he handles a court case and crisis around his duties as Landvogt (Military Protector). In 1361,

858-648: A war between the Hanseatic League and the Danes broke out. The Hanseatic League won when they conquered Copenhagen . The war lasted nine years and resulted in the Treaty of Stralsund . In 1393, the " Vitalienbrüder ", or the " Victual Brothers " harassed the Hansa and other ships on the Baltic and North Seas . The pirates were brutal and by 1393 the only way for cargo ships to travel

924-555: Is a loanword taken from the German word Kaserne (plural: Kasernen ), which means " barracks ". It is the typical term used when naming the garrison location for American and Canadian forces stationed in Germany. American forces were also sometimes housed in installations simply referred to as "barracks", such as Ray Barracks in Friedberg . American forces within a kaserne could range in size anywhere from company size, with

990-542: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Military history of Germany The military history of Germany spans the period from ancient times to the present. During the ancient and early medieval periods the Germanic tribes had no written language . What we know about their early military history comes from accounts written in Latin and from archaeology . This leaves important gaps. Germanic wars against

1056-462: Is crowned Holy Roman Emperor including his dominions in Germany which he gained through military conquest of Saxon tribes . Through the ninth Century, after the death of Charlemagne in 814, the empire was split in the Treaty of Verdun in 843. This created the kingdoms of France , Germany , and Lombardy . Following the Treaty of Verdun, in 870 there was the Treaty of Meerssen . This treaty replaced

1122-453: Is the use of secrecy in Henry II in 1004 against Bohemians , which gave Henry the element of surprise so that he was successful in his campaign. Another strategy, employed primarily by knights, was to ravage the countryside and force people to submit when they run out of supplies. The vast majority of these tactics were learned from Roman times in surviving works. In the year 800, Charlemagne

1188-771: Is today modern eastern Germany. The following year in 908, the Hungarians scored another victory at the Battle of Eisenach and continued to ravage the German countryside and demand tribute from local lords. This trend was reversed with the First Battle of Lechfeld in 910 when the Imperial Army led by Otto I. defeated the Hungarian invaders. From 919–36, the Germanic peoples ( Franks , Saxons , Swaben and Bavarians ) were united under Henry

1254-518: The Baltic Sea pushing southward and eventually settling as far away as Ukraine . The Angles and Saxons migrated to England . The Germanic peoples often had a fraught relationship with their neighbours, leading to a period of over two millennia of military conflict over various territorial, religious, ideological and economic concerns. The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (also referred as

1320-667: The Confederation of the Rhine following the battle of Austerlitz in 1805. Essentially this enlarged the more powerful states of the region by absorbing the smaller ones , creating a set of buffer states for France and a source of army conscripts. Neither of the two largest German-speaking states were part of this confederation: the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire remained outside it. King Frederick William III of Prussia viewed

1386-627: The Treaty of Hubertusburg of 1763. Prussia had survived the combined force of its neighbours, each larger than itself, and gained enormously in influence at the cost of the Holy Roman Empire. It became recognised as a great European power, starting a rivalry with Austria for the leadership of the German-speaking lands. During the Seven Years' War , Prussia fought on the side of Britain against Russia , Sweden , Austria , France , and Saxony. Frederick II of Prussia first invaded Saxony and defeated

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1452-706: The ancient Rome are fairly well documented from the Roman perspective, such as the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest . Germanic wars against the early Celts remain mysterious because neither side recorded the events. Germanic tribes are thought to have originated during the Jastorf culture in Iron Age in northern Germany and Denmark , their land was later called " Germania " by the Romans. The tribes spread south, possibly motivated by

1518-692: The peasants rebelled against the nobility . The rebellion ultimately failed in the end and Emperor Charles V became much harsher. From 1618 to 1648 the Thirty Years' War ravaged Germany, when it became the main theatre of war in the conflict between France and the Habsburgs for predominance in Europe. Besides being at war with Catholic France, Germany was attacked by the Lutheran King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden , who won many victories until he

1584-689: The American sector of Germany , after the end of the Cold War , many have since closed, and some have been demolished. Most army posts within the United States house units and/or multiple units of a much larger size than one would find in a kaserne. These installations are typically called "forts", such as Fort Knox , Fort Campbell , Fort Dix etc. National Guard and Reserve installations, though sometimes designated as "forts", are more often referred to as "camps". By contrast, British Forces in Germany used

1650-529: The Confederation of the Rhine as a threat to Prussian interests and allied against Napoleon. At this time the reputation of the Royal Prussian Army remained high from the period of the Seven Years' War . Unfortunately they retained the tactics of that period and still relied heavily on foreign mercenaries. The lack of military reforms would prove disastrous. Prussian defeats at Jena and Auerstedt led to

1716-601: The First German Empire) emerged from the kingdom in the eastern part of Francia called Carolingian Empire at the time (first polity of Germany) in 962 after its division between the grandchildren of Charlemagne in the Treaty of Verdun of 843, and lasted almost a millennium until its dissolution in 1806. It was never a unitary state ; from the beginning it was made up of many ethnicities and languages and would at its height comprise territories ranging from eastern France to northern Italy . Its unifying characteristic

1782-593: The Fowler , then Duke of Saxony , who took the title of King. For the first time, the term Kingdom of the Germans ("Regnum Teutonicorum") was applied to East Francia. The Treaty of Bonn was signed in 921 between Charles III of France and Henry I of Germany. They established the Rhine River as the border and neutral territory of their kingdoms. The treaty was ultimately a failure and led to tensions and military conflict between

1848-729: The French. During the early part of the war, the French were successful until Camille de Tallard was victorious in the Palatinate . Later, in 1706, the Germans took back their land with the help of the Dutch and the English. The Austrians pushed the French back in North Italy and the coalition scored several successes in the low countries. At that time, half of the Dutch or the British armies were composed of German mercenaries. The German states that participated in

1914-578: The Great was forced to fight his sons Conrad the Red and Luidolf in a civil war in modern-day Germany. The war was fought over old Roman fortifications such as Mainz and Regensburg . In the subsequent year, during which the Ottonian kingdom would've been weaker, the Magyars invaded with the objective of besieging cities in search of booty. The number of forts and their organization also pointed to extensive work done by

1980-541: The Napoleonic army. A demoralised Prussia brought its distinguished old general Gebhard von Blücher out of retirement and reorganized the army. The reforms of the Prussian military were led by Scharnhorst and Gneisenau , and converted the professional army into one based on national service. They brought in younger leaders, increased the rate of mobilisation and improved their skirmishing and unit tactics. They also organized

2046-514: The Prussians earned a pyrrhic victory at the Zorndorf . The Swedes, however, fought the Prussians to a draw at Tornow . However, Austria gained a victory against the Prussian main army at Hochkirch . In 1759, the Prussians lost at Kunersdorf to the combined Russians and Austrians. Berlin itself was taken for a few days in 1762, but its army could not be destroyed. However, the great alliance against Prussia broke up when Elizabeth of Russia died. It

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2112-581: The Three Henries was fought between 977–978. The war was a short lived rebellion by three German princes, all of which were named Henry, against Emperor Otto II . The three Henries were, Bishop Henry I of Augsburg, Henry the Wrangler, and duke Henry I the Younger. Shortly after the end of the rebellion of the three Henries, Otto fought a brief war with King Lothair of France , who invaded Lotharingia and attacked

2178-524: The civil War, Henry IV found time to siege Rome twice in 1081 and 1084. The struggle of the civil war broke German military and political power so that later the kingdom and empire would dissolve into hundreds of autonomous states for some time. By 1155, the German states had descended into disorder. Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa managed to restore peace through diplomacy and skillfully arranged marriages. He claimed direct imperial control over Italy and made several incursions into northern Italy, but

2244-761: The deteriorating climate of that area. They crossed the River Elbe , probably overrunning the territories of the Celtic Volcae in the Weser Basin . The Romans recorded one of these early migrations when the Cimbri and the Teutons tribes threatened the Republic itself around the late 2nd century BC. In the East, other tribes, such as Goths , Rugii and Vandals , settled along the shores of

2310-497: The end of the noble line. After which, the title and its holdings would revert to the lord to give out to someone else. Ritter's were considered the elite of the German military as their entire goal was to practice for war. They did this by competing in tournaments to keep themselves practiced. A Ritter would be considered of this lowest nobility but were considered the primary means of defense for many lords. All knights were nobility but not all nobles were knights. The nobility were not

2376-467: The first kings of Germany during the 10th century during the Middle Ages. In 955, the Magyars were decisively defeated at the second battle of Lechfeld by Otto the Great , ending the threat from the Eurasian steppes for four centuries. In 962, partly on the strength of this victory, Otto invaded Italy on his way to Rome and was crowned the first Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by the pope . The War of

2442-472: The imperial city of Aachen with 20,000 men. Otto was forced to flee to Dortmund where he created an effective response. He then counter-invaded France and laid siege to Paris but was forced to withdraw during the winter months. He then turned to defeating the rebellious princes, which he did by besieging Passau where the rebels had gathered. Otto took Passau and punished the three princes for their insurrection. Between 1002 and 1024, Henry II of Germany

2508-721: The kingdoms. In 933, Henry the Fowler met with an assembly in which they expressed their desire to renew their war with the Magyars (Hungarians). The Magyars attempted to catch the Saxons by surprise, but ultimately failed when they split their army in two. This resulted in Henry destroying both army sections with his superior weapons and training. The name of this conflict was known as the Battle of Riade . Henry I and his son Otto I inherited their administrative qualities from their Carolingian ancestors and thus were able to field armies much larger than medieval military historiography believed

2574-724: The last major Turkish offensive against the Austrian capital of Vienna in 1683. By the closing years of the 17th century, he was already famous for securing Hungary from the Ottoman Empire , and soon rose to the role of principal Austrian commander during the War of the Spanish Succession . From 1701 to 1714 the War of the Spanish Succession , Germany fought with the English and the Dutch against

2640-520: The mayor and the town council members of Prague were thrown from the windows of the town building. Emperor Sigismund , a firm adherent of the Roman Catholic Church , obtained the support of Pope Martin V who issued a papal bull in 1420 proclaiming a crusade. In all, four crusades were launched against the heretics, all resulting in defeat for the Catholic troops. The Hussites , capably led by Jan Žižka , employed novel tactics to defeat their numerically superior enemies, decisively at Aussig . Whenever

2706-445: The middles ages were fought in similar fashion to those of ancient times. Many changes were made due to the use of siege warfare and new military technologies. During the Middle Ages, siege warfare was the primary way in which war was fought and territory taken through conquest. There were field battles fought, in which they employed a phalanx formation similar to what would have been studied in Vegetius ' De re militari . However,

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2772-409: The military and trained for duty, but were sent home for ten months out of each year. Frederick the Great , king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786, modernized the Prussian Army , introduced new tactical and strategical concepts, fought mostly successful wars and doubled the size of Prussia. Frederick had a rationale based on Enlightenment thought: he launched total wars for limited objectives. The goal

2838-436: The moat and bailey, earthworks, hill-forts, Urban forts, town walls , and fortified residences. Moat and bailey , the most common castles before the use of stonework's, proved ineffective against Viking invaders. In Germany, in 1200 there were only 12 towns with walls, and 9 of them were originally Roman walls . Later, crusaders built their own types of fortifications called crusader castles , meant to be used in defense of

2904-588: The recruitment center for southern Germany "Zentrum für Nachwuchsgewinnung Süd". The Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, the Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology and the Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology have also been stationed in the barracks since they were founded as independent military units. ^ Warner Kaserne in Munich - Warner Kaserne Link has been changed to http://bobrowen.com/24th/warnerkaserne.html 48°12′36″N 11°34′53″E  /  48.21000°N 11.58139°E  / 48.21000; 11.58139 Kaserne Kaserne

2970-418: The son of Henry VI, Frederick II , was able to regain his title and power as Holy Roman Emperor. Teutonic Knights In 1226 Konrad I of Masovia appealed to the Teutonic Knights , a German crusading military order , to defend his borders and subdue the pagan Baltic Prussians . The conquest and Christianization of Prussia was accomplished after more than 50 years, after which the Order ruled it as

3036-410: The subsequent development in armor, there came advancements in handheld weaponry to deal with these developments. For example, swords became thinner and pointed on the tip in order to penetrate between gaps in plate armor. Crossbows as well became more commonly used in the defense of castles during siege warfare. In order to attack castles, the Springald was created to launch spears in succession, but

3102-482: The term 'barracks' for locations containing one or a small number of units. For larger bases with several units, 'station' (e.g. Hohne Station ) or 'complex' (e.g. Rheindahlen Military Complex ) was used; 'garrison' referred to a number of barracks within the same general geographical area that formed the home for a formation such as a brigade. This article on military history is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This German military article

3168-420: The treaty of Verdun and split the empire again. The Kingdom of East Francia (Germany) continued to exist under the conditions of this treaty. However, within 10 years this led to further conflict between German and French Kings. In July 907, an army of Germans faced off against Hungarians in the Battle of Pressburg . The result was a decisive Hungarian victory in which the Hungarians were able to pillage what

3234-490: The use of sieges as the primary means of middle age warfare, there were changes in military technology that facilitated fighting this differing kind of warfare. That being said, advances in technology did not mean that old technology became immediately obsolete. One such advance was the trebuchet , but other smaller advancements were made as well. There were advancements such as new helmets called Spangenhelme as well as some Carolingian developments in weapon production. With

3300-449: The use of training, regimentation, and the phalanx. Medieval commanders may have been educated or read in Vegetius' De Re Militari which would have provided the bases for battle tactics. In historiography, Charles Oman believes that cavalry entirely dominated the battlefield of the Middle Ages, but others contend that the infantry continued to play the most vital role even through the early modern age. One example of tactics and strategy

3366-466: The vast majority of battles were fought in defense of or the attempt to take fortifications. The men required to partake in a siege came from different areas of society. There were some nobles, some knights, the kings personal men, as well as the vast majority being peasant farmers conscripted into fighting. Siege warfare in effect was the way in which war was fought in Germany during the Middle Ages; this led to advances in medieval military technology. With

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3432-416: The war were Austria (which contributed the most), Prussia and Hanover. During the reign of Frederick William I (1713–40), the military power of Prussia was significantly improved. He organized the government around the needs of his army, and produced an efficient, highly disciplined instrument of war. The Prussian Army was expanded to 80,000 men, about 4% of the total population. Peasants were drafted into

3498-411: The way to the Baltic Sea . The Hussite movement was ended in 1434, however, at the Battle of Lipany . Historiography tends to believe that the Middle Ages end in 1453 with the emergence of the printing press in Mainz; thus, beginning the early modern age of Germany, and more broadly the early modern European age. During the German Peasants' War , spanning from 1524 to 1525 in the Holy Roman Empire,

3564-401: Was able to conscript forces across his entire kingdom for a campaign south of the Alps into Italy. As was common in previous centuries, all able-bodied men in the Holy Roman Empire were required to defend their home if it was under threat. Germany during the eleventh century was engulfed in civil war most notably in the 1070s and 1080s. It began during the reign of Henry IV in 1056. During

3630-434: Was between half-brothers, both of whose mother was the aforementioned Margaret, John I of Avesnes and Guy of Dampierre . The result of the war was John I of Avesnes defeating his mother and half brother with the aid of Count William of Holland. The Teltow-Magdeburg Wars were fought in the modern German state of Brandenburg. It was fought between 1239 and 1245 over the ownership of some eastern German territories. The war

3696-437: Was between princes of the Holy Roman Empire. The result was that Otto the Pious and John I of Brandenburg (Brothers who jointly ruled Brandenburg) expanded their holdings in eastern Germany. Following their conquest, the brothers would later go on to help the Teutonic Order defeat a Prussian uprising in the middle of the 1260s. In 1260, there was a small uprising in the town of Hamelin . The townsfolk rose up in response to

3762-456: Was capable at that time. The efficiency of military organization in tenth-century Germany was much higher than believable. This can be seen in the number of sieges, which would require extensive logistics, that were conducted during the century. Otto I and his subsequent descendants were tasked with defending the military borders to the east of modern-day Germany. Their enemies were primarily Slavic and roaming Steppe peoples . In 953-954 Otto

3828-426: Was dealt a defeat by the Polish-Lithuanian forces by King Władysław II Jagiełło . This marked an ending to the power of the German religious state in eastern Europe. The Hussite Wars , fought between 1419 and 1434 in Bohemia , had their origins in a conflict between Catholics and the followers of a religious sect founded by Jan Hus . The inciting action of the war was the First Defenestration of Prague , in which

3894-420: Was from her death that a pro-Prussian ruler, Peter III would sue for peace. It was thanks to this " miracle of the House of Brandenburg " and to the unshakable will of Frederick that Prussia survived. The Napoleonic era ended the Holy Roman Empire and created new German-speaking states that would eventually form modern Germany. Napoleon I of France reorganized many of the smaller German-speaking states into

3960-470: Was in convoys. The Hansa built some defensive ships but nothing that could completely wipe of the brothers like they had hoped. It was the master of the Teutonic Knights, Konrad von Jungingen that besieged and conquered the Vitalienbrüder base at Gotland that finally ended their reign of terror as the remainder of the pirates were forced to move into other seas. In 1410, the Teutonic Order or (Deutscher Ordensstaat) in German, situated in modern-day Poland,

4026-416: Was its Carolingian heritage and strong religious connotations, its claim to "German-ness" the ethnicity of most of its subjects and rulers. The military history of Germany during the Middle Ages was full of siege warfare and the technological changes that come from fighting that kind of war. From the creation of the First German Empire in 843 until the creation of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg ,

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4092-411: Was killed at Lützen . The war resulted in large areas of Germany being laid waste, causing general impoverishment and a loss of around a third of its population; it took generations to recover. It ended with the Peace of Westphalia , which stabilized the nation states of Europe. The imperial general Prince Eugene of Savoy faced the Ottoman Turks on the battlefield, first coming to prominence during

4158-421: Was mainly used outside of Germany. Stirrups were developed which was integral in the use of shock combat during the Middle Ages. The creation of greaves was important in protecting the shins. In Germany, Baronets were known as ( Ritter ) or Knights . These were a title of nobility bestowed on people by the local lord. Following this, the title of Ritter was generally passed in a hereditary fashion until

4224-434: Was the second largest after the Pentagon , which was used by the U.S. Army. After the U.S. Army returned the barracks to the Bundeswehr in 1968 it was rebuilt from 1973 to 1980. Since 1980 the main user has been the Bundeswehr Medical Academy . Disbanded users were the Medical Instruction Battalion 851, the Reserve Hospital Group 7609 and a specialist outpatient clinic of the former Military Hospital Amberg , as well as

4290-430: Was to convince rival kings that it was better to negotiate and make peace than to fight him. In the War of Austrian Succession (1740–48) Empress Maria Theresa of Austria fought successfully for recognition of her succession to the throne. However, during the subsequent Silesian Wars and the Seven Years' War , King Frederick the Great (Frederick II) occupied Silesia and forced Austria to formally cede control in

4356-441: Was ultimately defeated by the Lombard League at Legano in 1176. Despite his defeat, he did manage to receive the imperial coronation from the pope, thus aiding Barbarossa in his efforts to restore the empire to its former glory that it experienced under Otto I. In 1189, Frederick embarked on the Third Crusade . After a few initial successes against the Turks , notably at the Battle of Iconium , Frederick died when trying to cross

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