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90-547: The municipality lies in the Kusel Musikantenland (“Minstrels’ Land”) in the Western Palatinate , on the middle Glan , through whose narrow valley run Bundesstraße 420, the once strategically important Glantalbahn ( railway ) and the river Glan itself side by side with each other. Right at this narrowing in the dale nestles a greater part of the village, about a kilometre long, stretching along both sides of

180-481: A haulage business and a mill. For women in those days, there were no job opportunities in this poor area. They were obliged to do the housekeeping, the childrearing and also some work on the little farms that the men worked as a sideline. Today, members of the workforce are mainly commuters who go to work in the big industrial works in Kaiserslautern , the nearby Saarland or the local middle centres . Early on in

270-647: A university town , and a major transportation hub between Frankfurt and Stuttgart, including an ICE interchange (the Mannheim Hauptbahnhof ), Germany's second-largest marshalling yard (the Mannheim Rangierbahnhof ), and Germany's largest inland port (the Mannheim Harbour ). The city is home to many factories, offices and headquarters of several major corporations such as Roche , ABB , IBM , Siemens , Unilever and more. Mannheim's SAP Arena

360-484: A big clubhouse are both among the club's real estate holdings. Besides these clubs, the following ones also exist in the local community: For all these clubs, the village community has established, under the municipality's auspices, the Glantalhalle , a hall measuring 12 × 24 m and with a stage, built between 1977 and 1979 almost exclusively by in-house efforts. It was dedicated on 30 June 1979. Up until

450-739: A demilion Or armed, langued and crowned gules, and azure a mitre of the first garnished of the fourth. The charge below the wavy fess, a mitre , refers to Erdesbach's former feudal landlord, the Bishopric of Reims , under whose sway lay the Remigiusland . The lion is drawn from the arms borne by the Wittelsbachs , the ruling house of the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken and later the Kingdom of Bavaria , to which Erdesbach once also belonged. The wavy fess stands for

540-622: A former railway line that shared a stretch of its tracks with the Landstuhl–Kusel railway. Musikantenland The Musikantenland ("Musician's Land") is an area of the northern West Palatinate in Germany , north of the Landstuhler Bruch in the area of the rivers Glan and Lauter . On the fringes of this region are the city of Kaiserslautern and the towns of Kusel , Rockenhausen and Meisenheim (only Kusel being counted as part of

630-502: A grave with jugs and lance tips was discovered. Four prehistoric barrows stand in a row on the heights along the municipal limit with Altenglan ( Ortsteil of Patersbach). They show that the Erdesbach area was settled in prehistoric times. About 500 BC, the Celts were living here. With Gaul ’s subjugation by Julius Caesar (58-31 BC), the land ended up under Roman rule. In

720-514: A great upswing in population, bearing witness to which was the widespread construction about the turn of the 20th century. Thus, the 1837 population figure of 316 inhabitants had grown to 425 by 1871, to 631 by 1905, to 607 by 1939, to 659 by 1961, to 687 by 1964, to 739 by 1969 and to 687 by 1977. Thereafter, the population figures began to shrink steadily, reaching their lowest in many years in 1988, when there were only 570 inhabitants in Erdesbach. The opening of land to new development drew newcomers to

810-410: A higher humidity in summer which causes a higher heat index. Snow is rare, even in the cold months. Precipitation occurs mostly during afternoon thunderstorms during the warmer period (average days of thunderstorms in a year is 40–50). The climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate

900-509: A key role in Germany's war economy. This contributed to the fact that, on 27 May 1915, Ludwigshafen was the world's first civilian settlement behind the battle lines to be bombed from the air. French aircraft attacked the BASF plants, thereby killing twelve people. The precedent was set for this attack by Germany's repeated air raids against British civilian populations throughout southeastern Britain during

990-405: A male heir and the county thus passed to his son-in-law, Stephen, Count Palatine of Simmern-Zweibrücken , widower of Frederick's daughter, Anna of Veldenz . Stephen took some Palatinate territory that he held and, combining it with his wife's inheritance, founded the new County Palatine of Zweibrücken , which later came to be seen as a duchy. Within this new County Palatine, Erdesbach belonged to

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1080-590: A multi-purpose hall in Jettenbach, also bear the name. Mannheim Mannheim ( German pronunciation: [ˈmanhaɪm] ; Palatine German : Mannem or Monnem ), officially the University City of Mannheim ( German : Universitätsstadt Mannheim ), is the second-largest city in Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart , the state capital, and Germany 's 21st-largest city , with

1170-680: A new location. At the old location, there is a monument to Friedrich Schiller and the Zum Zwischen-Akt pub. The housing shortage led to the development of many new residential areas. In 1964, the City Hospital ( Städtisches Krankenhaus ) became part of the Heidelberg University for Clinical Medicine in Mannheim . In 1967, the University of Mannheim was established in the city. In 1975,

1260-555: A new political order was created in the southwest of what was shortly to become West Germany . Later, the Regierungsbezirke of Montabaur and Rheinhessen were dissolved and integrated into the Regierungsbezirke of Koblenz and Pfalz respectively; in 2000, all the state's Regierungsbezirke were dissolved, and in their stead arose the Aufsichts- und Dienstleistungsdirektion (ADD. roughly “Directorate of Inspection and Services”), which

1350-689: A population of around 317,000. The city is the cultural and economic centre of the Rhine-Neckar , Germany's seventh-largest metropolitan region , with nearly 2.4 million inhabitants. Mannheim is located at the confluence of the Upper Rhine and the Neckar in the Kurpfalz ( Electoral Palatinate ) region of northwestern Baden-Württemberg. The city lies in the Upper Rhine Plain , Germany's warmest region, between

1440-612: A proper Saint Martin's Day parade on 11 November with music and a rider (Saint Martin) and a great Saint Martin's Day celebration. With the opening of the Glantal-Halle in 1979, the municipality revived an old tradition. Each year on 27 December, the so-called Wandertag (“Roaming Day”) recalls an old custom that was still quite well observed in the 1920s, for on this day, then dialectally known as Wannerschdag , menservants and maidservants would change to their new masters. Erdesbachers are heavily engaged in clubs. The village's oldest club

1530-558: A result of the invention of the pre-combustion chamber by Prosper L'Orange , Benz & Cie. developed the world's first compact diesel-powered car at its motor works in Mannheim in 1923. In 1922, the Grosskraftwerk Mannheim (Mannheim large power station) was opened. By 1930, the city, along with its sister city of Ludwigshafen, which had developed out of the old Mannheim Rheinschanze, had a population of 385,000. During World War II , air raids on Mannheim completely destroyed

1620-451: A temporary transport system. A number of major projects were completed in the 1980s and 1990s: a planetarium, an extension to the art gallery, the new Reiß Museum, Stadthaus, a new May Market ground, synagogue, mosque, State Museum for Technology and Work , Carl-Benz stadium and the Fahrlach tunnel were opened. Mannheim has lost many industrial jobs, although in the recent past, the city

1710-468: A “thorpe”). Still currently busy in the municipality are five craft businesses with all together roughly 30 employees, a bakery , a butcher ’s shop, two grocer ’s shops, a hairdresser ’s shops and an alternative practitioner. Worthy of note are protohistoric archaeological finds of Celtic origin. In 1902, during building work on the trackbed for the Bad Münster - Homburg railway ( Glantalbahn ),

1800-508: Is geologically characterized mainly by the so-called Kusel Strata ( Kuseler Schichten in German ) of the Lower Rotliegend . These strata are made up mainly of sandstone , claystone and conglomerates . The basic volcanic rock deposited in between is mainly made up of melaphyre, andesite , tholeiitic basalt and cuselite. The geological structure to a great extent defines the shape of

1890-459: Is " Cfb " (Marine West Coast Climate/ Oceanic climate ), bordering closely on a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), with summer months often averaging above 21 degrees (71 F). Mannheim, population 315,000, is the 2nd largest city in Baden-Württemberg . Its location near the Rhine and Neckar rivers spurred Mannheim's industrialization and transition into a major city in the early 19th century. The city

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1980-502: Is Germany's leading university in the fields of business and economics and attracts students from around the world. Described by Die Zeit as the ' Harvard of Germany', it is seen as the training grounds of German business leaders. More than 12,000 students were enrolled in the 2013/14 semester. The university town also houses one of the medical schools of Heidelberg University (at the University Hospital Mannheim ),

2070-473: Is Ralf Lukas, and his deputies are Helmut Fehrentz and Joachim May. The German blazon reads: Von schwarz und blau durch einen silbernen Wellenbalken geteilt, oben ein rot gekrönter und rot bewehrter goldener Löwe, unten eine silberne mit roten Steinen belegte Mitra mit seitlich abflatternden Bändern. The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: A fess wavy argent between sable

2160-610: Is a smart city ; the city's electrical grid is installed with a power-line communication network. A brick kiln excavated in 1929 in the Seckenheim district, which operated from 74 AD to the early second century, attests to settlement in Roman times. The name of the city was first recorded as Mannenheim in a legal transaction in 766, surviving in a twelfth-century copy in the Codex Laureshamensis from Lorsch Abbey . The name

2250-534: Is home to German ice hockey record champions Adler Mannheim as well as the popular handball team Rhein-Neckar Löwen . Since 2014, Mannheim has been a member of the UNESCO Creative Cities Network and holds the title of " UNESCO City of Music ". In 2020, Mannheim was classified as a global city with ' Sufficiency ' status by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC). Mannheim

2340-470: Is interpreted as "the home of Manno", a short form of a Germanic name such as Hartmann or Hermann . Mannheim remained a mere village throughout the Middle Ages. In 1606, Frederick IV, Elector Palatine started building the fortress of Friedrichsburg and the adjacent city centre with its grid of streets and avenues. On 24 January 1607, Frederick IV gave Mannheim the status of a "city", whether it really

2430-574: Is now responsible for the whole of Rhineland-Palatinate. According to a debt book kept by the Remigiusberg Monastery, a taxation list from the Oberamt of Lichtenberg indicated that just under 100 people were living in Erdesbach in 1480. According to the 1609 Konken Protocols ( Konker Protokolle ), it was roughly 500. A consequential drop in population was brought by the Thirty Years' War . Indeed,

2520-475: Is sometimes known as the " Harvard of Germany". The Mannheim May Market is the largest regional consumer exhibition of Germany. The civic symbol of Mannheim is the Romanesque Mannheim Water Tower , completed in 1886 and rising to 60 metres (200 feet) above the highest point of the art nouveau area Friedrichsplatz . Mannheim is well-known for its inventions, including the automobile ,

2610-505: Is the sister of Eugene Beauharnais [sic; in fact, she was his second cousin]. There is a cathedral, a theatre which is considered good, an observatory, a gallery of pictures at the château, and some private collections. About two kilometres (one point two miles) below the town the Russian Army crossed the Rhine in 1813. Population 18,300. During the eighteenth century, Mannheim was the home of

2700-603: The Square "). Within a ring of avenues surrounding the city centre, there are squares, numbered from A1 to U6, instead of street names. At the southern base of that system is Mannheim Palace , one of the largest palace complexes in the world. It was the former home of the Prince-elector of the Electoral Palatinate, and now houses the University of Mannheim , which repeatedly receives top marks in business administration and

2790-622: The Bundesgartenschau ( Federal horticulture show ) was celebrated in Luisen and Herzogenried parks. A number of pieces of infrastructure were developed for the show: the telecommunications tower and a second bridge across the Rhine (the Kurt Schumacher Bridge ) were built, the pedestrian zone was established, the new Rosengarten conference centre was opened and the Aerobus was installed as

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2880-675: The FEI European Jumping Championships in 2007 14–19 August, in the MVV-riding stadium. In 2002, Hobby Horse Polo was invented in Mannheim, evoking the classical rivalry towards "polite society" in Heidelberg. The Maimarkt-Turnier Mannheim is an annual international horse show held during the Mannheimer Maimarkt since 1964. According to Forbes magazine, Mannheim is known for its exceptional inventive power and

2970-551: The Jesuit Church ; they were completed in 1760. In 1819, Norwich Duff wrote of Mannheim: Mannheim is in the Duchy of Baden and situated at the confluence of the Rhine and Neckar over both of which there is a bridge of boats. This is the third town of this name having been twice burnt. The houses are large, and the streets are broad and at right angles to each other, and is one of the most airy clean towns I have seen in Germany. It

3060-582: The March Revolution of 1848 , the city was a centre for political and revolutionary activity. In 1865, Friedrich Engelhorn founded the Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik (Baden Aniline and Soda Factory, BASF ) in Mannheim, but the factory was constructed across the Rhine in Ludwigshafen because Mannheim residents feared air pollution from its operations. From this dye factory, BASF has developed into

3150-740: The Palatine Forest and the Oden Forest . Mannheim forms a continuous urban zone of around 500,000 inhabitants with Ludwigshafen am Rhein in the Rhineland-Palatinate , while some northern suburbs lie in Hesse . Hamburg is the only other German city with such a presence in two states other than its own. Central Mannheim's streets and avenues are laid out in a grid pattern unusual for German cities, leading to its nickname Quadratestadt ( Square City ) and tourism slogan " Leben im Quadrat " (" Life in

3240-779: The Rhine ’s left bank, beginning in 1801, Erdesbach belonged to the Mairie (“Mayoralty”) of Ulmet, the Canton of Kusel, the Arrondissement of Birkenfeld and the Department of Sarre , whose seat was at Trier . With the founding of the Kingdom of Bavaria after French times in 1816, Erdesbach belonged to the Bürgermeisteramt (“Mayoralty”) of Ulmet, the Landcommissariat (later Bezirksamt , then Landkreis , or rural district) of Kusel and

3330-491: The Second World War , especially in the 1980s, this hamlet has grown with new building and now counts roughly 50 inhabitants. Erdesbach was formerly a workers’ and farmers’ village as well as a centre for craftsmen, and thus still bears today the nickname Dorf der Zimmerleute – “Village of Carpenters”. In 1981, there were still 50 to 60 carpenters, cabinetmakers and formworkers . They all learnt their hard trades at one of

3420-532: The Unteramt of Ulmet in the Oberamt of Lichtenberg. Erdesbach remained with the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken until that state was swept away by the French Revolutionary troops who marched into the region and occupied it. During the roughly 350 years under Zweibrücken hegemony, the village had to face hard blows of fate. In 1609, there were 137 houses standing in Erdesbach, and the village's population

3510-605: The bayerischer Rheinkreis , the part of the kingdom that was not contiguous with the rest to the east. The kingdom's borders, as defined by the Congress of Vienna , remained thus until 1945 (by which time the monarchy had ended and Bavaria was now the Free State of Bavaria). With the formation of the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1947, consisting of the Regierungsbezirke of Koblenz, Trier, Montabaur, Rheinhessen and Pfalz,

3600-476: The bicycle , and the tractor , which is why the city is often called the "city of inventions". The city is the starting and finishing point of the Bertha Benz Memorial Route , which follows the tracks of the first long-distance automobile trip in history. A Großstadt (major city with more than 100,000 inhabitants) since 1896, Mannheim is now an important industrial and commercial city,

3690-607: The " Mannheim School " of classical music composers . Mannheim was said to have one of the best court orchestras in Europe under the leadership of the conductor Carlo Grua . The royal court of the Palatinate left Mannheim in 1778, as Charles Theodore had become Elector of Bavaria and moved to Munich . Two decades later, in 1802, Mannheim was removed from the Palatinate and given to the Grand Duchy of Baden . In 1819, August von Kotzebue

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3780-506: The " Rhine shift ". In summer, temperatures sometimes rise up to 35 °C (95 °F) and higher. The highest recorded temperature was 39.8 °C (104 °F) on 7 August 2015. The daily lows during heat waves can be very high for the latitude (around 25 °C / 77 °F). In September 2016, the average temperature in Mannheim was 18.6 °C, highest in Baden-Württemberg. In comparison to other regions of Germany, Mannheim has

3870-451: The 2010s, partially due to its large university population. The following list shows the most significant groups of foreigners in the city of Mannheim by nationalities. In total 44,7% of all Mannheim inhabitants are from foreign descent. The Neckarstadt-West district has the biggest foreign population with 68,9%, while the Wallstadt district has the smallest one with 23,1%. A large part of

3960-456: The 20th century (1909), Erdesbach got its own centralized waterworks. The system was fed by several walled-up surface wells . After these wells began to run dry in the early 1970s at a time when demand for water was always steadily rising, Erdesbach had to link itself to the “Ohmbachtal” special-purpose association's water supply at the same time as the municipality was seeking to expand its new water supply network. The first proper schoolhouse in

4050-682: The Big School in Erdesbach. All classes, though, have since been gathered together in Ulmet. Running through the village is Bundesstraße 420. To the south runs the Autobahn A ;62 ( Kaiserslautern – Trier ). Serving Altenglan is Altenglan station on the Landstuhl–Kusel railway . There are hourly trains at this station throughout the day, namely Regionalbahn service RB 67 between Kaiserslautern and Kusel , named Glantalbahn after

4140-663: The Musikantenland). The region is located in the counties of Kusel and Kaiserslautern . This region is named after the Westphalian Wandering Musicians , who originated from here, especially from 1850 until the First World War . Today, the term "Musikantenland" is often used in this area for tourism purposes. For example the county of Kusel operates its tourist industry under the slogan "Palatine Uplands - Kusel Musikantenland ". Regional dishes are described with

4230-475: The Nahegau to found the County of Veldenz . Under his protection, too, was the Remigiusland . According to the 1364 document in which Erdesbach's first documentary mention is found, the inhabitants of the Unteramt of Altenglan, and thus also the inhabitants of Erdesbach, had to support the young Prince Heinrich (later Heinrich III of Veldenz) and his wife Loretta of Sponheim with a special tax. The last Count of Veldenz , Frederick III , died in 1444 without

4320-413: The Oststadt-Theater, the TIG7 (Theater im Quadrat G7), the Theater Oliv, the Freilichtbühne, the Theater31, the Theater ImPuls, the Theater Felina-Areal, the Mannheimer Puppenspiele, the Kleinkunstbühne Klapsmühl', Schatzkistl, and zeitraumexit . There are two nationally renowned football clubs in Mannheim, SV Waldhof Mannheim , who currently are playing in the third tier 3. Liga , but who have played in

4410-416: The West Palatinate musical tradition. Elmar Wolf, also a Lichtenburg Prize winner, founded the publishing house EDITION Musikantenland , after leaving the EWOTON-Musikverlag music publishing company, as a token of his affection for the Kusel Musikantenland. In 2003, the County school of Music, founded in 1948, was renamed the Kusel Music School Musikantenland. Buildings such as the Musikantenland Hall,

4500-412: The citizens’ wishes, and after municipal council had voted unanimously on the question, the kermis date was moved from late autumn to summer, namely the first weekend in August. The raising of the Maypole on May Day is a job that was taken over years ago by the young men of the volunteer fire brigade . Likewise for years now, the municipality has worked together with the local SPD association to marshal

4590-417: The city centre. Mannheim was heavily damaged during aerial bombing by the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF). Allied bombing raids razed the city centre of Mannheim at night-time area bombing , killing thousands of civilians. In the meantime, 2,262 of Mannheim's Jews were sent to Nazi concentration camps . Some sources state that the first deliberate strategic bombing of

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4680-426: The east on the municipality of Bedesbach , in the south on the municipality of Altenglan , in the southwest on the municipality of Blaubach and in the west on the municipality of Oberalben . In the village's east, across the Glan, a small outlying hamlet arose in the latter half of the 19th century around the old Erdesbacher Mühle (mill), the so-called “Bockhof” with four farms and a smithy . Since then, after

4770-415: The existing Big School. With the official dedication of this extension on 23 October 1958, the Upper/Little School was closed. The venerable building then served, upstairs and towards the front, as a public rental dwelling until 1972. The former classroom was used as a community facility. As a result of a municipal council decision in 1973–1974, the whole inside of the old school was thoroughly remodelled. From

4860-496: The far less steep slope to the east with its scant meadow and cropfield soils. The riverside flats within municipal limits lie at an elevation of roughly 190 m above sea level , while elevations in the southwest reach 385 m above sea level and those in the municipal area's east 335 m above sea level. The vegetation cover characterizing local land use takes the form of meadow orchards , meadows and cropfields along with some 60 ha of mixed forest . The south slope at

4950-422: The first German Football League which is called GFL1. As of 2018, between 500 and 900 people watch each game. Rhein-Neckar Löwen are a handball team playing in the professional German Handball League . The WWE visited Mannheim in 2008. Around 10,000 fans attended the event. UFC fighter Dennis Siver lives and trains in Mannheim. Mannheim hosted the European Show Jumping Championships in 1997, and

5040-412: The first half of 1915. When Germany lost the war in 1918, according to the peace terms, the left bank of the Rhine was occupied by French troops. The French occupation lasted until 1930, and some of Ludwigshafen's most elegant houses were erected for the officers of the French garrison. After the First World War , the Heinrich Lanz Company built the Bulldog, an advanced tractor, powered by heavy oil. As

5130-408: The former classroom arose a nice community/conference room that could accommodate about 60 persons. The former flat became the municipal council chamber, the mayor's office, a kitchen and a toilet facility. After it had been given a new outer coat of paint, the old schoolhouse presented itself as a well usable and smart village community centre. In 1969 and 1970, year levels 5 to 8 were incorporated into

5220-443: The former highest German ice hockey league known as Bundesliga ). The city is home to the Mannheim Tornados , the oldest operational baseball and softball club in Germany. The Tornados play in the first division of the Baseball Bundesliga and have won the championship 11 times, more than any other club. In 2003, the American football club Mannheim Bandits  [ de ] was founded. The Mannheim Bandits are playing in

5310-449: The immigrants are from the Balkans and European countries. The distribution of Mannheim's population by religious affiliation (as of December 31, 2020) is Roman Catholic 25.4%, Protestant 20.0%, and other/ none 54.6%. The National Theatre Mannheim was founded in 1779 and is the oldest "Stage" in Germany. In 1782 the premiere of Die Räuber , written by Friedrich Schiller , was shown. Recently, smaller stages have opened, such as

5400-451: The largest chemical company in the world. After opening a workshop in Mannheim in 1871 and patenting engines from 1878, Karl Benz patented the first motor car in 1886. He was born in Mühlburg (now part of Karlsruhe). The Schütte-Lanz company , founded by Karl Lanz and Johann Schütte in 1909, built 22 airships. The company's main competitor was the Zeppelin works. When World War I broke out in 1914, Mannheim's industrial plants played

5490-429: The municipal area's relief . The Erdesbach area lies within the zone affected by the prevailing westerly winds. Characteristic of this kind of climate are moderate summers and to a great extent, mild, damp winters. The mean yearly temperature between 1881 and 1930 lay between 8 and 9 °C in the Glan valley, and at 7 °C in the surrounding heights. Erdesbach borders in the north on the municipality of Ulmet , in

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5580-415: The municipal hall on Kuselweg, and before that, all schoolchildren from Erdesbach had had to attend school in Ulmet until 1762. With the completion of the new schoolhouse in 1898, the pupils, who had hitherto been one group, were split. Year levels 1 to 4 remained at the Little School (somewhat confusingly also called the Obere Schule – “Upper School”), and on 1 May 1906, there were 65 pupils there. Because

5670-432: The municipality was built in the years 1818/1819. From the time of its completion up until 1958, all schoolchildren were at first taught together (1819-1898), but later, only the first four-year levels were taught together. In 1898, another schoolhouse opened, whereafter the old school was always known locally as the Kleine Schule – “Little School”. Before the first school had been built, all schoolchildren had been taught at

5760-462: The newly built Altenglan Mittelpunktschule (“midpoint school”, a central school, designed to eliminate smaller outlying schools). Later, the Mittelpunktschule was upgraded to first a Hauptschule and then, in 1996, to a Regionalschule . Since 1973, primary school pupils from the villages of Ulmet , Erdesbach, Niederalben and Rathsweiler have been attending the primary school in Ulmet, with at first two of that school's classes being housed at

5850-439: The old fairground, and the new Schafweide tram line. The concept of the anniversary of the city is aimed at a diverse range of events without a dominant central event. In 2001, the City hospital was officially and legally awarded with the title University Hospital Mannheim . In 2023, Mannheim hosted the Bundesgartenschau 2023 (National Garden Show); the second time after 1975. Mannheim is located in Germany's warmest summer region,

5940-439: The outbreak of the Second World War , men capable of working earned their livelihoods for their families mostly in the many small and few big quarries (hard rock and sandstone ) as quarrymen, stone dressers or stonemasons, as craftsmen at the local craft businesses, and also as farmers as their secondary occupation at the many small secondary agricultural operations that were to be found at almost every house in Erdesbach. Mainly it

6030-407: The population had only once more reached as high as 150 in 1776, according to a list of subjects from the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken . In an examination by Michael Frey of the bayerischer Rheinkreis , a population figure for Erdesbach of 143 souls was stated, and 316 for 1837, of whom 309 were Protestant and 7 were Catholic . From the middle of the 19th century onwards, the village experienced

6120-452: The prefix "Musikantenland", there is for example a Musikantenland Roast and Musikantenland Bratwurst . The Musikantenland Museum in Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel and the West Palatine Musikanten Museum in Mackenbach recall the history of West Palatinate's wandering musicians. Since 1984, the county of Kusel has awarded the Lichtenburg Musikantenland Prize in recognition of special achievements for those cultivating and developing

6210-464: The river Glan . The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate ’s Directory of Cultural Monuments: Until 1966, the more than 500-year-old Gallusmarkt (“ Saint Gall ’s Market”) was celebrated together with the bigger neighbouring municipality of Ulmet in the middle of the week as a kermis (church consecration festival). Its dates were set at the first Tuesday and Wednesday after Saint Gall's Day (16 October). In 1966, following

6300-403: The roadway, lying in some spots right beneath the dale's steep slopes. The other half of the village is squeezed into two side valleys that run down to the Glan through which run the Wingertsbach and the Gölschbach. The landscape around Erdesbach is characterized by the narrow Glan valley with its fertile flood-plain meadows, by the steeply rising, overgrown slopes to the west and northwest and by

6390-407: The so-called Große Schule (“Big School”), which housed year levels 5 to 7 (and later 8 as well) stood on lower ground than the old school, it was also known as the Untere Schule – “Lower School”. Seventy schoolchildren were being taught there in 1906. In 1958, to improve the teaching-learning environment somewhat, a new classroom with a teachers’ room and a toilet facility was built onto the back of

6480-518: The so-called Wingertsberg (“Vineyard’s Mountain”) was still characterized in the 19th century by vineyards and hillside meadows. The last vineyard was dissolved in 1945. Currently, many vineyard walls are still well preserved. The municipal area was divided wholly into agricultural smallholds; there was not even one major block of land in only one owner's hands. Often, as a result of inheritance disputes, plots were split into ever smaller pieces. The municipal area measures 401 ha. The Erdesbach area

6570-470: The then three local carpentry shops. Today, the village is almost purely a residential community for those who commute to jobs in Kusel , Kaiserslautern , Ramstein , Baumholder and even as far away as Mannheim and Ludwigshafen . Since 1994, mainly owing to farm shutdowns, there have been no independent agricultural operations at all. Erdesbach may be characterized as a linear village (by some definitions,

6660-875: The time of the Migration Period , the local area first fell under the sway of the Alemanni , after whose defeat by the Frankish King Clovis I in AD ;496 it fell under Frankish rule. Erdesbach’s founding came some four or five centuries later. In the earlier half of the 12th century, Count Gerlach received as successor to the Counts of the Nahegau the Vogtei (that is, he became a “lord protector” of sorts) over various areas under ecclesiastical ownership, which he took along with parts of

6750-507: The top tier, the Bundesliga ; and VfR Mannheim , winner of the German championship in 1949 , now playing in the sixth tier Verbandsliga Baden . The Adler Mannheim (formerly MERC, Mannheimer Eis- und Rollsport-Club) is an ice hockey team playing in the professional Deutsche Eishockey Liga , having won the German championship a total of eight times (7 times Deutsche Eishockey Liga and one time

6840-484: The village and the population once again began a steady rise in 1984, reaching 640 by 1996. However, this newer growth may stagnate in the future. The following table shows population development over the centuries for Erdesbach, with some figures broken down by religious denomination: The placename's meaning, according to Professor Ernst Christman, goes back to the given name Herideo . In 1364, Erdesbach had its first documentary mention as Ertenspach . From 1456 to 1460,

6930-414: The village is Evangelical , 507 of 640 inhabitants. Seventy-seven inhabitants, however, are Catholic . Adhering to other faiths are five villagers, while 34 belong to no religious group and 15 refused to answer the question. The council is made up of 12 council members, who were elected by majority vote at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. Erdesbach's mayor

7020-445: The village was called at times Hertespach , Hertzbach and even Ertelspach . About 1480, the names Ertisbach and Ertsbach cropped up, and in the years between 1585 and 1588, the village's name appeared as Ertesbach , as it also did in the 1609 Konken Protocols. The current name, Erdesbach, first appeared in 1785. The municipality of Erdesbach has no church of its own; it belongs to the parish of Ulmet. The overwhelming majority in

7110-473: The war occurred at Mannheim during a Royal Air Force night raid on 16 December 1940. Today around one third of the city consists of buildings from before 1950. In late March 1945, the Allied ground advance into Germany reached Mannheim, which was potentially well-defended by German forces. However, the German forces abandoned the city and the U.S. 44th Infantry Division entered unopposed on 29 March 1945. There

7200-463: Was about 500, but by the time the Thirty Years' War was over, the village had all but died out, just like so many villages in the Kusel region. New families came to Erdesbach, but French King Louis XIV's wars of conquest brought further death and destruction. Only in the early 18th century did any strong population growth once more begin. During the time of Napoleon ’s annexation of the German lands on

7290-459: Was assassinated in Mannheim. The climate crisis of 1816–17 caused famine and the death of many horses in Mannheim. That year Karl Drais invented the first bicycle. Infrastructure improvements included the establishment of Rhine Harbour in 1828 and the construction of the first Baden railway , which opened from Mannheim to Heidelberg in 1840. Influenced by the economic rise of the middle class, another golden age of Mannheim gradually began. In

7380-525: Was economically dominated by manufacturing. The city tried in the past to prevent the establishment of service providers by designating some locations as industrial areas. A prime example of the current trend is the construction of the Victoria Tower (Victoria-Turm) in 2001, one of the tallest buildings in the city, on railway land. Mannheim celebrated its 400th anniversary with a series of cultural and other events throughout 2007. The 400th anniversary proper

7470-538: Was formerly fortified, but the fortifications were razed in 1806 and gardens fill their places. There is a large château here belonging to the Grand Duke and a very good garden; part of the château was destroyed when the town was bombarded and has never since been repaired, the other part is occupied by the Grand Duchess, widow of the late Grand Duke who was succeeded by his uncle having left only three daughters. She

7560-422: Was grain or potatoes that were grown, and mostly for the growers’ own needs. Five full-time farmers lived in the municipality at this time. About 1960, there were still three carpentry businesses in the municipality, along with three building companies, a cabinetry shop, a plasterer ’s shop, a blacksmith , a shoemaker’s workshop, two tailor ’s shops, an installation shop, four bakeries , two butcher ’s shops,

7650-521: Was heavily damaged during WWII but soon regained prominence as an industrial centre, causing rapid population growth in the 1950s. Many motor, electronic and power plant companies came to Mannheim and other cities in the Rhine-Neckar Region, including Ludwigshafen and Heidelberg , which lies just kilometres up the Neckar. The population of Mannheim started to decline in the 1980s but began to rebound in

7740-512: Was in 2006, since Frederick IV, Elector Palatine laid the foundations of Mannheim citadel on 17 March 1606. In preparation for the anniversary, some urban activities were implemented, beginning in 2000: the building of the SAP Arena with access to the city's new eastern ring road, the rehabilitation of the pedestrian zone in Breite Straße, the arsenal and the palace, the complete transformation of

7830-460: Was later a large American military occupation presence in the Mannheim area with up to 10 barracks. The first one shut down in 2007 and the last was closed in 2013 (see United States military installations below). Rebuilding of the city began industriously. Mannheim Palace and the water tower ( Wasserturm ) eventually were rebuilt and the National Theatre was replaced by a new building at

7920-633: Was one by then or not. Mannheim was mostly levelled during the Thirty Years' War around 1622 by the forces of Johan Tilly . After being rebuilt, it was again severely damaged by the French Army in 1689 during the Nine Years' War . After the rebuilding of Mannheim that began in 1698, the capital of the Electorate of the Palatinate was moved from Heidelberg to Mannheim in 1720 when Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine began construction of Mannheim Palace and

8010-638: Was ranked 11th among the Top 15 of the most inventive cities worldwide. Many significant inventions were made in Mannheim: The University of Mannheim is one of Germany's younger universities. Although founded in 1967, it has its origins in the Palatine Academy of Sciences , established in 1763, and the former Handelshochschule (Commercial College), founded in 1907. Situated in Mannheim Palace , it

8100-445: Was the men's singing club founded in 1856. Some 10 years after its 127-year jubilee, it had to cease its singing activities temporarily owing to a dearth of men who could sing bass (sound) . The club with the most members is the Turn- und Sportverein Erdesbach 1907 e.V. (gymnastic and sport club) with its football , shooting and gymnastics departments. An outstanding sport facility and

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