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30-920: (Redirected from Epiphanios ) Epiphanius ( / ˌ ɛ p ɪ ˈ f eɪ n i ə s / ; "clearly manifested") may refer to: Epiphanius of Petra (fl. c. 335), Arab sophist at Athens Saint Epiphanius of Salamis (c.310–20 to 403), bishop of Salamis, Cyprus, and author of the Panarion Annius Eucharius Epiphanius , praefectus urbi of the city of Rome, 412–414 Saint Epiphanius of Pavia (438–496), Bishop of Pavia, Italy, 466–496 Epiphanius Scholasticus (fl. c.510), translator of Greek works into Latin Epiphanius of Constantinople (died 535), Greek Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, 520–535 Epiphanius (Patriarch of Aquileia) , first Patriarch of Aquileia to rule from Grado, Italy, 612–613 Epiphanius

60-687: A Syrian and an Arabian. Epiphanius was the son of a certain Ulpian, probably not the same person as the sophist Ulpian of Antioch . He was a pupil of Julian of Cappadocia . That Epiphanius was a pagan is known from an incident in Laodicea , where he was on close terms with two prominent local Christians, Apollinarius the Elder and his son, Apollinarius the Younger . Sometime between 328 and 335 they attended one of his lectures. According to custom, Epiphanius dismissed

90-428: A diverse demographic distribution. The rural inland was mostly populated by Aramaic speakers descended from various West Semitic peoples who inhabited Syria. Arabs were settled throughout Hauran , Trachonitis and Emesa which they controlled. Arabs were also part of Palmyra 's composition, which included Aramaeans, Arabs and Amorites . The Phoenician coast maintained a Phoenician -speaking majority well into

120-689: Is also an allusion to Epiphanius in Menander 's scholia on Demosthenes. He seems to have specialised in issue-theory (the framing of questions) and some fragments on this topic may be from his otherwise lost work On the Similarity and Difference of the Issues . Epiphanius did not live to old age. He and his wife, who was renowned for her beauty, both died childless from blood poisoning . This happened many years before Eunapius arrived in Athens in 362. The Suda lists

150-532: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Epiphanius of Petra He is described as coming from Petra in Arabia by the Suda , a ninth-century Byzantine encyclopaedia, but as coming from Syria by Eunapius . This is not necessarily a contradiction, since urban Arabs frequently identified as Syrian. The Suda calls another sophist, Callinicus of Petra , both

180-519: The Roman province of Judea ; such province was placed under the direct authority of the Legate of Syria Publius Sulpicius Quirinius , who appointed Coponius as Prefect of Judea. Following the death of Herod Philip II (34 AD) and the removal of Herod Antipas (39 AD) Ituraea , Trachonitis , Galilee and Perea were also transferred under the jurisdiction of the province of Syria. From 37 to 41 AD, much of

210-566: The "uninitiated and profane" (a cue to Christians to leave) before reciting a hymn to Dionysus . The Apollinarii were among some Christians who remained, for which Bishop Theodotus excommunicated them. According to the Suda , Epiphanius taught rhetoric at Petra and Athens, where he succeeded Julian. Eunapius says that he only taught students from the east. He was at the height of his fame when Libanius arrived in Athens in 336. Although Libanius intended to study under him, some pupils of Diophantus

240-504: The Arab forced him to join their master instead. Eunapius describes Epiphanius as skilled in the analysis of questions but weak in discourse. Vindonius Anatolius considered him pedantically precise. His name appears paired with that of Genethlius of Petra in Zosimus ' scholia on Demosthenes . Zosimus calls him "the theorist" and seems to have learned of Genethlius through his writings. There

270-628: The Arab . Philip became the 33rd emperor of Rome upon its millennial celebration. Roman Syria was invaded in 252/253 (the date is disputed) after a Roman field army was destroyed in the Battle of Barbalissos by the King of Persia Shapur I which left the Euphrates river unguarded and the region was pillaged by the Persians. In 259/260 a similar event happened when Shapur I again defeated a Roman field army and captured

300-548: The Great Epiphanios of Mylopotamos (1956–2020), Greek Orthodox monk and chef at Mount Athos Epiphanius I of Ukraine (born 1979), elected primate of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (since 15 December 2018) and Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Ukraine Places Monastery of Saint Epiphanius , founded by Epiphanius Scholasticus See also [ edit ] Epiphanes (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

330-819: The Monk (8th or 9th century), priest in the Kallistratos monastery, Constantinople Epiphanius the Wise (died 1420), Russian monk, hagiographer, and disciple of Saint Sergius of Radonezh Epiphanius Evesham (fl. 1570–c. 1623), English sculptor Epiphanius Slavinetsky (died 1675), ecclesiastical expert of the Russian Orthodox Church Epiphanius Shanov (1849–1940), Bulgarian Uniate priest Epiphanios of Vryoula (1935–2011), Eastern Orthodox archbishop of Spain and Portugal Anba Epiphanius (1954–2018), murdered Egyptian abbot of Monastery of Saint Macarius

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360-544: The Roman emperor, Valerian, alive at the Battle of Edessa . Again, Roman Syria suffered as cities were captured, sacked and pillaged. From 268 to 273, Syria was part of the breakaway Palmyrene Empire . Following the reforms of Diocletian , Syria Coele became part of the Diocese of the East . Sometime between 330 and 350 (likely c. 341), the province of Euphratensis was created out of

390-690: The Syrian army, based on Legio XII Fulminata , reinforced by auxiliary troops, to restore order in Judaea and quell the revolt. The legion, however, was ambushed and destroyed by Jewish rebels at the Battle of Beth Horon , a result that shocked the Roman leadership. The future emperor Vespasian was then put in charge of subduing the Jewish revolt. In the summer of 69, Vespasian, with the Syrian units supporting him, launched his bid to become Roman emperor. He defeated his rival Vitellius and ruled as emperor for ten years when he

420-720: The country, at that time under the Hamdanids , although still under the official suzerainty of the Abbasid caliphs and also claimed by the Fatimid caliphs. After emperor John Kurkuas failed to conquer Syria up to Jerusalem, a Muslim reconquest of Syria followed in the late 970s undertaken by the Fatimid Caliphate that resulted in the ousting of the Byzantines from most parts of Syria. However, Antioch and other northern parts of Syria remained in

450-521: The empire and other parts were under the protection of the emperors through their Hamdanid, Mirdasid , and Marwanid proxies, until the Seljuk arrival, who after three decades of incursions, conquered Antioch in 1084. Antioch was captured again during the 12th century by the revived armies of the Comnenii . However, by that time the city was regarded as part of Asia Minor and not of Syria. Provinicia Syria had

480-610: The end of 2nd century, and their main urban centers included Tyre , Sidon and Berytus . On the other hand, Greeks comprised a majority in Hellenistic urban centers such Antioch , Apamea , Cyrrhus and the Decapolis , which had been settled by Greeks under Seleucid patronage. Estimates for the population of the entire Levant in the 1st century vary from 3.5–4 million to 6 million, levels only matched even by 19th century levels. Urban centers peaked and so did population density in

510-434: The four legions from the governor of Syria and handed it over to the governor of Palestine . Septimius Severus divided the province of Syria proper into Syria Coele and Syria Phoenice , with Antioch and Tyre as their respective provincial capitals. As related by Theodor Mommsen , It was Severus who at length withdrew the first place in the Roman military hierarchy from the Syrian governor. After having subdued

540-567: The later 2nd century, the Roman Senate included several notable Syrians, including Claudius Pompeianus and Avidius Cassius . Syria was of crucial strategic importance during the Crisis of the Third Century . In 244 AD, Rome was ruled by a native Syrian from Philippopolis (modern day Shahba ) in the province of Arabia Petraea. The emperor was Marcus Iulius Philippus, more commonly known as Philip

570-599: The post of governor of Syria. Following the fall of the Roman Republic and its transformation into the Roman Empire , Syria became a Roman imperial province, governed by a Legate . During the early empire, the Roman army in Syria accounted for three legions with auxiliaries who defended the border with Parthia . In 6 AD, Emperor Augustus deposed the ethnarch Herod Archelaus and united Judea , Samaria and Idumea into

600-413: The province—which had wished at that time to make Niger emperor, as it had formerly done with its governor Vespasian —amidst resistance from the capital Antioch in particular, he ordained its partition into a northern and a southern half, and gave to the governor of the former, which was called Coele-Syria , two legions, to the governor of the latter, the province of Syro-Phoenicia , one [legion]. From

630-583: The rural settlements. Antioch and Palmyra reached a peak of 200,000–250,000 inhabitants, while Apamea counted 117,000 'free citizens' circa AD 6. Combined with their dependancies and villages, Apamea and Cyrrhus may have counted as high as 500,000 each. The Syrian Coastal Mountain Range , marginal hill country, were less densely settled and had a population of around 40–50,000. The inhabitants of Syria adopted Greek customs while maintaining elements of Near Eastern culture. The continuity of pre-Hellenistic cultures

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660-456: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Epiphanius . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epiphanius&oldid=1137857582 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

690-574: The small coastal province Theodorias out of territory from both provinces. The region remained one of the most important provinces of the Byzantine Empire . It was occupied by the Sasanians between 609 and 628, then reconquered by the emperor Heraclius , but lost again to the advancing Muslims after the Battle of Yarmouk and the fall of Antioch . The city of Antioch was reconquered by Nikephorus Phocas in 963, along with other parts of

720-558: The southern region was separated from Syria and transformed into a client kingdom under Herod Agrippa I . After Agrippa's death, his kingdom was gradually re-absorbed into the Roman Empire, until it was officially transformed into a Roman province following the death of Herod Agrippa II . Syrian province forces were directly engaged in the First Jewish–Roman War of 66–70 AD. In 66 AD, Cestius Gallus , legate of Syria, brought

750-511: The territory of Syria Coele along the western bank of the Euphrates and the former Kingdom of Commagene , with Hierapolis as its capital. After c. 415, Syria Coele was further subdivided into Syria I (or Syria Prima ), with its capital remaining at Antioch , and Syria II ( Syria Secunda ) or Syria Salutaris , with its capital at Apamea on the Orontes . In 528, Justinian I carved out

780-636: The works of Epiphanius as: Roman Syria Roman Syria was an early Roman province annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BC by Pompey in the Third Mithridatic War following the defeat of King of Armenia Tigranes the Great , who had become the protector of the Hellenistic kingdom of Syria . Following the partition of the Herodian Kingdom of Judea into a tetrarchy in 4 BC, it

810-486: Was governor of the province of Judea between 120 and 130, possibly prior to the Bar Kokhba revolt . As related by Theodor Mommsen , The governor of Syria retained the civil administration of the whole large province undiminished, and held for long alone in all Asia a command of the first rank. [...] It was only in the course of the second century that a diminution of his prerogatives occurred, when Hadrian took one of

840-478: Was gradually absorbed into Roman provinces, with Roman Syria annexing Iturea and Trachonitis . By the late 2nd century AD, the province was divided into Coele Syria and Syria Phoenice . Syria was annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BC, when Pompey the Great had the Seleucid king Antiochus XIII Asiaticus executed and deposed his successor Philip II Philoromaeus . Pompey appointed Marcus Aemilius Scaurus to

870-519: Was inconsistent across different regions, and where it existed, it varied, including Aramean , Phoenician , and neo-Hittite influences. However, many areas documented exclusively Greek elements. In contrast to Jews , who shared collective historical memories, Syrians lacked a unified cultural or social identity. The unifying aspects in Roman Syria were Greek civic structures and narratives promoted by Roman imperial rule, suggesting that Syrian culture

900-505: Was succeeded by his son Titus . Based on an inscription recovered from Dor in 1948, Gargilius Antiquus was known to have been the governor of a province in the eastern part of the Empire, possibly Syria, between his consulate and governing Asia. In November 2016, an inscription in Greek was recovered off the coast of Dor by Haifa University underwater archaeologists, which attests that Antiquus

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