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45-448: Enrico Pucci (born 1900, date of death unknown) was an Italian weightlifter . He competed in the men's middleweight event at the 1924 Summer Olympics . This biographical article relating to weightlifting in Italy is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Olympic weightlifting Each weightlifter gets three attempts at both the snatch and the clean and jerk, with

90-510: A barbell ) with larger-diameter rotating sleeves on either end, holding rubber-coated weight plates of different weights. This sleeve rotation is important for the Olympic lifts, particularly the snatch and clean movements, because it drastically reduces the rotational inertia of the bar. Without sleeve rotation, the Olympic lifter faces more challenging lifts and a greater risk of injury. A men's Olympic barbell weighs 20 kg (44 lbs) with

135-581: A parent or health care provider guessing the child's weight through weight-estimation formulas. These formulas base their findings on the child's age and tape-based systems of weight estimation. Of the many formulas that have been used for estimating body weight, some include the Advanced Pediatric Life Support formula, the Leffler formula, and Theron formula. There are also several types of tape-based systems for estimating children's weight, with

180-463: A full body " unitard " under the customary weightlifting uniform. Kulsoom Abdullah became the first woman to do so at the U.S. National Championships that year, and athletes are allowed to do so at the Olympics. IWF rules previously stated that an athlete's knees and elbows must be visible so officials can determine if a lift is correctly executed. Olympic weightlifting uses a steel bar (also known as

225-508: A lower weight class, a practice known as weight cutting . Ideal body weight (IBW) was initially introduced by Ben J. Devine in 1974 to allow estimation of drug clearances in obese patients; researchers have since shown that the metabolism of certain drugs relates more to IBW than total body weight. The term was based on the use of insurance data that demonstrated the relative mortality for males and females according to different height-weight combinations. The most common estimation of IBW

270-464: A one-piece close-fitting leotard often called a singlet . The wearing of a T-shirt underneath the singlet is optional. A weightlifting belt of 120 mm maximum width may also be worn to increase intra-abdominal pressure. Chalk is regularly used by Olympic lifters, generally prior to each attempt at a lift. Lifters rub their hands with the chalk to promote dryness and prevent the bar moving in their hands. Olympic lifters frequently use tape to cover

315-412: A raised heel of 0.5" to 1.5" and one or two metatarsal straps that tighten across the instep of the shoe. The raised heel helps the lifter maintain an upright torso while catching the bar and also allows for a deeper squat under the bar. The soles of the shoes are also quite rigid, helping to resist compression while under heavy loads. The shoes are designed for maximum stability while remaining flexible in

360-426: A shaft diameter of 28 mm and a length of 2200 mm, whereas a women's Olympic barbell weighs 15 kg (33 lbs) and has a shaft diameter of 25 mm with a length of 2010 mm. The distance between the sleeves, however, is the same for the men's and the women's bars at 1310 mm. The grip texture of the bar is called the knurling , and is distributed differently between the men's and women's bars:

405-404: A short intermission, and then the clean and jerk event. There are two side judges and one head referee who together provide a "successful" or "failed" result for each attempt based on their observation of the lift within the governing body's rules and regulations. Two successes are required for any attempt to pass. Usually, the judges' and referee's results are registered via a lighting system, with

450-413: A successful lift or during an unsuccessful one. Olympic bumper plates conform to international standards for coloring. That is, 10 kg is green, 15 kg is yellow, 20 kg is blue, and 25 kg is red. In addition to the rubber bumpers, smaller competition iron plates can be used to add weight in small increments to the bar. The color designations for these iron plates are as follows: 1 kg

495-480: A taped wrist enables the lifter to regulate wrist extension and delimit the translation of the radius and ulna distal heads. However, while taped wrists can prevent wrist and forearm injuries in the short-term, excessive use can lead to weakened connective tissue in the area, increasing the risk of pain and injury. The type of shoes worn by Olympic weightlifters is perhaps their most distinctive piece of equipment. Weightlifting shoes are typically designed with

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540-428: A white light indicating a "successful" lift and a red light indicating a "failed" lift. This is done for the benefit of all in attendance, be they athlete, coach, administrator, or audience. In addition, one or two technical officials may be present to advise during a ruling. Lifters who fail to successfully complete at least one snatch and at least one clean and jerk fail to total , and receive an "incomplete" entry for

585-411: A year old, it is m = 1 2 a m + 4 {\displaystyle m={\tfrac {1}{2}}a_{m}+4} and for those 1–10 years old, it is m = 2 a y + 10 {\displaystyle m=2a_{y}+10} where m is the number of kilograms the child weighs and a m and a y respectively are the number of months or years old

630-518: Is by the Devine formula; other models exist and have been noted to give similar results. Other methods used in estimating the ideal body weight are body mass index and the Hamwi method. The IBW is not the perfect fat measurement, as it does not show the fat or muscle percentage in one's body. For example, athletes' results may show that they are overweight when they are actually very fit and healthy. Machines like

675-606: Is competed at local, national, and international levels. The sport is governed internationally by the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF), which runs the World Weightlifting Championships each year. The snatch is a lift wherein an athlete sweeps the barbell up and overhead in one fluid action: the lifter takes a wide-grip on the bar and pulls the barbell off the floor before rapidly re-bending their knees to get themself under

720-435: Is green, 1.5 kg is yellow, 2 kg is blue, 2.5 kg is red, 5 kg and 0.5 kg are white. It is useful to note the color assignment of these iron plates is consistent with the heavier bumper plates (i.e. 1 kg and 10 kg are green, 1.5 kg and 15 kg are yellow, etc.). Weight plates are secured to the bar using collars on each side that weigh exactly 2.5 kg each. Lifters typically wear

765-628: Is regarded as an indicator of determining a person's health, with body volume measurement providing an extra dimension by calculating the distribution of body weight. Average adult human weight varies by continent, from about 60 kg (130 lb) in Asia and Africa to about 80 kg (180 lb) in North America, with men on average weighing more than women. There are a number of methods to estimate weight in children for circumstances (such as emergencies) when actual weight cannot be measured. Most involve

810-424: The dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry can accurately measure the percentage and weight of fat, muscle, and bone in a body. The Devine formula for calculating ideal body weight in adults is as follows: The Hamwi method is used to calculate the ideal body weight of the general adult: Many disciplines in weightlifting or combat sports separate competitors into weight classes . Ideal body weight, specifically

855-415: The snatch , the clean and press , and the clean and jerk . The 1972 Olympics was the last Olympics featuring the clean and press , as difficulties in judging proper form led to it being dropped from subsequent competitions. Athletes, rather than "strictly" pressing the weight overhead with an upright torso, had been using their hips and leaning backward substantially. Some athletes were able to initiate

900-554: The toe box . This allows the lifter to come up on the toes and to catch the weight on the ball of the back foot during the "jerk" movement of the lift. There are also different heel constructions. Most modern Weightlifting shoes use a hard TPU plastic heel that does not deform and is more durable than other materials. However, there has been a resurgence in premium shoes using retro wood heels which are hard but do not last as long. Knee sleeves Some weightlifters may use knee sleeves to provide joint support and assist in standing from

945-606: The "Best Lifter" award. Competitions to establish who can lift the heaviest weight have been recorded throughout civilization, with the earliest known recordings including those found in Egypt, China, India, and Ancient Greece. The international sport of weightlifting began with the First World Weightlifting Championships in 1891, in London, with Edward Lawrence Levy becoming the first world champion. In 1896,

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990-477: The 'one hand' clean and jerk and the 'two hands' clean and jerk. At the next Olympic Games, in Paris, in 1924 , the 'two hands' press and the 'two hands' snatch were added to the program, making a total of five lifts; and weight classes were introduced for competitors, with weightlifters competing in five weight divisions. In 1928 , the sport dropped the 'one hand' exercises, going forward with three 'two hand' exercises:

1035-565: The Games of 1900, 1908 and 1912 (1912 being the last Games until after the First World War). In 1920, weightlifting returned to the Olympics and, for the first time, as an event in its own right – and weightlifting has been contested at every (summer) Olympics Games since. The 1920 Games took place at Antwerp in Belgium; and fourteen nations competed. The competition lifts were the 'one hand' snatch,

1080-411: The Olympic lifts are executed faster, and require more mobility and a greater range of motion during their execution, than other barbell lifts. The Olympic lifts, and their variations (e.g., power snatch, power clean) as well as components of the Olympic lifts (e.g., cleans, squats ) are used by elite athletes in other sports to train for both explosive strength (power) and functional strength. The sport

1125-402: The areas of their bodies exposed to friction while completing Olympic lifts. Tape is most commonly found on the Olympic lifter's thumb. A taped thumb not only lessens the risk of calluses, but it also reduces the pain associated with the hook grip . Olympic lifters also tape their wrists, preventing exaggerated and uncomfortable joint movement during lifts. For particularly heavy overhead lifts,

1170-427: The barbell (usually bringing themself into a deep overhead squat position), so that the barbell is supported over their head with arms outstretched. The snatch is then completed by the lifter rising to a standing position while holding the barbell overhead. The snatch demands precise balance. The clean and jerk is a combination lift, in which the athlete gets the barbell overhead in two stages: first by lifting

1215-401: The barbell into support on the front of the shoulders, a position known as the front rack ( the clean ), and then lifting it from shoulders to overhead ( the jerk ). To perform the clean , the lifter takes a shoulder-width grip on the bar and pulls it off the floor, and then rapidly re-bends their knees (and bends their arms) to get their body under the barbell and "catch" the bar on the front of

1260-559: The best-known being the Broselow tape . The Broselow tape is based on length with weight read from the appropriate color area. Newer systems, such as the PAWPER tape, make use of a simple two-step process to estimate weight: the length-based weight estimation is modified according to the child's body habitus to increase the accuracy of the final weight prediction. The Leffler formula is used for children 0–10 years of age. In those less than

1305-480: The child is. The Theron formula is m = e 0.175571 a y + 2.197099 {\displaystyle m=e^{0.175571a_{y}+2.197099}} where m and a y are as above. Body weight varies in small amounts throughout the day, as the amount of water in the body is not constant. It changes due to activities such as drinking, urinating, or exercise. Professional sports participants may deliberately dehydrate themselves to enter

1350-438: The competition. At local competitions, a "Best Lifter" title is commonly awarded. It is awarded to both the best men's and women's lifters. The award is based on a formula which employs the " Sinclair coefficient ", a coefficient derived and approved by the sport's world governing body, which allows for differences in both gender and bodyweight. When the formula is applied to each lifter's overall total and then grouped along with

1395-501: The deep squatting position. Wrist wraps Wrist wraps are commonly used to provide support to the joint. Human weight Human body weight is a person's mass or weight . Strictly speaking, body weight is the measurement of mass without items located on the person. Practically though, body weight may be measured with clothes on, but without shoes or heavy accessories such as mobile phones and wallets, and using manual or digital weighing scales . Excess or reduced body weight

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1440-600: The feet are prohibited. It was discontinued after 1972 due to difficulties in judging proper form. Athletes compete in a division determined by their body mass . In summer 2018, the IWF approved the current weight categories, specifying which 7 of the 10 total would be contested at the 2020 Summer Olympics . IWF Men's weight classes: Categories Only five weight classes were chosen for Paris 2024: IWF Women's weight classes: Categories Weight classes chosen for Paris 2024: In each weight division, lifters compete in both

1485-483: The inaugural Olympic Games in Athens included weightlifting in the field event (the predecessor to today's track and field or athletics event). In the early Olympic Games, a distinction was drawn between lifting with 'one hand' only and lifting with 'two hands', and all competitors competed together regardless of their size and weight. The winner of the 'one hand' competition in 1896 was Launceston Elliot of Scotland, while

1530-427: The lifter re-straightens the legs (bringing them together after a split jerk ) so they come to a straight standing position with the barbell held overhead. A third lift, the clean and press , was also a competition lift from 1924 through 1972. It entails a clean followed by an overhead press . The overhead press is distinguished from the jerk , in that jerking movements, bending of the legs, and displacement of

1575-408: The men's has knurling in the center but the women's does not. The Olympic barbells used in competition are certified by the IWF. The weight plates, typically referred to as " bumper plates " because of their rubber coated design, weigh between 10 kg and 25 kg in 5 kg increments. The bumper plates are coated with rubber to allow the weights to be dropped from various heights—either after

1620-497: The other competitors' and evaluated, it provides a numeric result which determines the competition's best overall men's and women's lifters. And while, usually, the winner of the heaviest weight class will have lifted the most overall weight during the course of a competition, a lifter in a lighter weight class may still have lifted more weight both relative to their own bodyweight, and to the Sinclair coefficient formula, thereby garnering

1665-402: The press with a hip thrust so rapid that judges found it difficult to determine whether or not they had utilized any knee bend to generate additional force, something strictly prohibited in the rules. Also prohibited was "excessive layback" (leaning back too much), but it was considered too difficult to determine what degree of layback constituted a rule violation. As a result, the clean and press

1710-433: The previous weight or any other intermediate weights. The barbell is loaded incrementally and progresses to a heavier weight throughout the course of competition. Weights are set in 1-kilogram increments. If two athletes lift the same weight, they are both credited with it, but in terms of placing, the one who lifted the weight first gets the highest placing. During competition, the snatch event takes place first, followed by

1755-411: The shoulders (usually in a deep front squat position). The lifter finishes the clean by rising to a standing position while holding the barbell on the front of their shoulders. The lifter then uses the jerk to jump into a bent knees position (most commonly with one foot forward and the other back, a technique known as the split jerk ) while pumping the barbell overhead . The jerk is completed when

1800-439: The snatch and the clean and jerk. Prizes are usually given for the heaviest weights lifted in each and in the overall—the maximum lifts of both added. The order of the competition is up to the lifters—the competitor who chooses to attempt the lowest weight goes first. If they are unsuccessful at that weight, they have the option of reattempting at that weight or trying a heavier weight after any other competitors have made attempts at

1845-402: The snatch attempted first. An athlete's score is the combined total of the highest successfully-lifted weight in kilograms for each lift. Athletes compete in various weight classes, which are different for each sex and have changed over time. Weightlifting is an Olympic sport , and has been contested in every Summer Olympic Games since 1920. While the sport is officially named "weightlifting",

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1890-455: The terms "Olympic weightlifting" and "Olympic-style weightlifting" are often used to distinguish it from the other sports and events that involve the lifting of weights , such as powerlifting , weight training , and strongman events . Similarly, the snatch and the clean and jerk are known as the "Olympic lifts". While other strength sports test limit of strength, Olympic-style weightlifting also tests limits of human power (explosive strength):

1935-500: The winner of the 'two hands' event was Viggo Jensen of Denmark. Further World Weightlifting Championships followed in 1898 in Austria, 1899 in Milan, and 1903 in Paris, with the International Weightlifting Federation being founded in 1905. Weightlifting was next contested at the Olympics in the 1904 Games (again in athletics), and at the 1906 Intercalated Games , but was omitted from

1980-511: The winners in that first year. Yet it was not until the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia, that women's weightlifting was incorporated into the Olympics. China's Chen Yanqing became an early star of women's weightlifting at the Olympics—as she won Olympic gold two games in a row, in 2004 and 2008. In 2011, the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF) ruled that athletes could wear

2025-463: Was discontinued as a competition lift after 1972. Since the 1973 World Weightlifting Championships , weightlifting competitions have been biathlons of the snatch and the clean and jerk, with the 1976 Olympics being the first Olympics in this format. In 1987, women's world championship events were included for the first time in IWF's annual World Weightlifting Championships , with women such as Karyn Marshall (US) and Cai Jun (China) amongst

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