Misplaced Pages

#508491

48-540: There are also a number of minor glaciers in the area surrounding Svartisen, such as Glombreen in the northern part of Meløy Municipality , and Simlebreen in Beiarn Municipality . One of the outlet glaciers of Svartisen, Engabreen ends at the lowest point of any glacier on the European mainland, at 20 metres (66 ft) above sea level (in 2007). The Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate has monitored

96-460: A tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The municipality is located near the second largest glacier in continental Norway, the Svartisen (black ice), and the plant is one of the plants found growing closest to the ice. The colors symbolize the blue glacial ice and the yellow flowers. The arms were designed by Rolf Tidemann after

144-434: A documentary called " Sand Wars " about the impact of the lack of construction sand. It shows the ecological and economic effects of both legal and illegal trade in construction sand. To retrieve the sand, the method of hydraulic dredging is used. This works by pumping the top few meters of sand out of the water and filling it into a boat, which is then transported back to land for processing. All marine life mixed in with

192-603: A high olivine content. Many sands, especially those found extensively in Southern Europe , have iron impurities within the quartz crystals of the sand, giving a deep yellow color. Sand deposits in some areas contain garnets and other resistant minerals, including some small gemstones . Rocks erode or weather over a long period of time, mainly by water and wind, and their sediments are transported downstream. These sediments continue to break apart into smaller pieces until they become fine grains of sand. The type of rock

240-553: A notably scenic entrance via the fjord. The second largest glacier in Norway, Svartisen , is a target for passenger visits. The mountains around Glomfjord are popular for fishing and hunting as well as skiing in the winter time. Meløy Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality

288-489: A result. People sometimes dig holes in the sand at beaches for recreational purposes, but if too deep they can result in serious injury or death in the event of a collapse. Manufactured sand (M sand) is sand made from rock by artificial processes, usually for construction purposes in cement or concrete. It differs from river sand by being more angular, and has somewhat different properties. In Dubai , United Arab Emirates , sand needed to construct infrastructure and create

336-483: A significant dredging industry, raising environmental concerns over fish depletion, landslides, and flooding. Countries such as China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia ban sand exports, citing these issues as a major factor. It is estimated that the annual consumption of sand and gravel is 40 billion tons and sand is a US$ 70 billion global industry. With increasing use, more is expected to come from recycling and alternatives to sand. The global demand for sand in 2017

384-403: A volume of approximately 0.00012 cubic millimetres, to 2 mm, a volume of approximately 4.2 cubic millimetres, the difference in volumes being 34,688 measures difference. Any particle falling within this range of sizes is termed a sand grain . Sand grains are between gravel (with particles ranging from 2 mm up to 64 mm by the latter system, and from 4.75 mm up to 75 mm in

432-508: Is called grus in geology or sharp sand in the building trade where it is preferred for concrete, and in gardening where it is used as a soil amendment to loosen clay soils. Sand that is transported long distances by water or wind will be rounded, with characteristic abrasion patterns on the grain surface. Desert sand is typically rounded. People who collect sand as a hobby are known as arenophiles . Organisms that thrive in sandy environments are psammophiles. Only some sands are suitable for

480-524: Is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Salten og Lofoten District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal . The municipal council ( Kommunestyre ) of Meløy is made up of 23 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show

528-572: Is in high demand. Desert sand, although plentiful, is not suitable for concrete. Fifty billion tons of beach sand and fossil sand are used each year for construction. The exact definition of sand varies. The scientific Unified Soil Classification System used in engineering and geology corresponds to US Standard Sieves, and defines sand as particles with a diameter of between 0.074 and 4.75 millimeters. By another definition, in terms of particle size as used by geologists , sand particles range in diameter from 0.0625 mm (or 1 ⁄ 16  mm)

SECTION 10

#1733084638509

576-493: Is one of the most important employers in the municipality (as of Q4 2022). Sand Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt . Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil or soil type; i.e., a soil containing more than 85 percent sand-sized particles by mass. The composition of sand varies, depending on

624-463: Is part of the Salten traditional region . The administrative centre of the municipality is the village of Ørnes . Other villages include Eidbukt , Neverdal , Glomfjord , Halsa , Reipå , Støtt , and Ågskardet . The municipality is situated just to the north of the Arctic Circle on Norway's west coast. It encompasses the island of Meløya and some 700 other islands of various sizes around

672-474: Is the most common mineral resistant to weathering . The composition of mineral sand is highly variable, depending on the local rock sources and conditions. The bright white sands found in tropical and subtropical coastal settings are eroded limestone and may contain coral and shell fragments in addition to other organic or organically derived fragmental material, suggesting that sand formation depends on living organisms, too. The gypsum sand dunes of

720-495: Is the primary form of sand apparent in areas where reefs have dominated the ecosystem for millions of years, as in the Caribbean . Somewhat more rarely, sand may be composed of calcium sulfate , such as gypsum and selenite , as is found in places such as White Sands National Park and Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge in the U.S. Sand is a non-renewable resource over human timescales, and sand suitable for making concrete

768-509: The Krumbein phi scale , where size is Φ = -log 2 D; D being the particle size in mm. On this scale, for sand the value of Φ varies from −1 to +4, with the divisions between sub-categories at whole numbers. The most common constituent of sand, in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings, is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO 2 ), usually in the form of quartz , which, because of its chemical inertness and considerable hardness,

816-521: The Meløyfjorden , Glomfjorden , and Holandsfjorden in the south, along with a stretch of mainland coast. The 874-square-kilometre (337 sq mi) municipality is the 133rd largest by area out of the 357 municipalities in Norway. Meløy is the 157th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,180. The municipality's population density is 7.1 inhabitants per square kilometre (18/sq mi) and its population has decreased by 4.8% over

864-575: The United States Department of Agriculture was 0.05 mm. A 1953 engineering standard published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials set the minimum sand size at 0.074 mm. Sand feels gritty when rubbed between the fingers. Silt , by comparison, feels like flour . ISO 14688 grades sands as fine, medium, and coarse with ranges 0.063 mm to 0.2 mm to 0.63 mm to 2.0 mm. In

912-670: The White Sands National Park in New Mexico are famous for their bright, white color. Arkose is a sand or sandstone with considerable feldspar content, derived from weathering and erosion of a (usually nearby) granitic rock outcrop. Some sands contain magnetite , chlorite , glauconite , or gypsum . Sands rich in magnetite are dark to black in color, as are sands derived from volcanic basalts and obsidian . Chlorite - glauconite bearing sands are typically green in color, as are sands derived from basaltic lava with

960-422: The glacier mass balance of the glacier since 1970 and operates a sub-glacial laboratory beneath Engabreen. Water from the glacier is collected and used for hydropower production via runoff into the streams and lakes and through intakes bored beneath Engabreen. The first element is svart which means 'swart' or 'black' and the last element is the finite form of is meaning 'ice' or ' glacier '. The old ice of

1008-727: The 1920 census of Norway. This map will include one farm name per farm number; other farm names or subdivision numbers may exist. Following are the farms in the Meløy municipality, as they are listed in O. Rygh's series Norske Gaardnavne ( lit.   ' Norwegian farm names ' ), the Nordland volume of which was published in 1905. The farm numbers are used in some census records, and numbers that are near each other indicate that those farms are geographically proximate. Handwritten Norwegian sources, particularly those prior to 1800, may use variants on these names. For recorded variants before 1723, see

SECTION 20

#1733084638509

1056-483: The Sahara is sand dunes, while 70% is bare rock. The wind is responsible for creating these different environments and shaping the sand to be round and smooth. These properties make desert sand unusable for construction. Beach sand is also formed by erosion. Over thousands of years, rocks are eroded near the shoreline from the constant motion of waves and the sediments build up. Weathering and river deposition also accelerate

1104-695: The Svartisen glacier and the lake Storglomvatnet and gathered in the mountains. In the bottom of Glomfjorden, Norsk Hydro (today YARA ) started out producing fertilizers in Glomfjord, today yara is Meløy's biggest workplace with 190 people working there A conglomerate of industries is found there today in Glomfjord Industry Park. The municipality's overall industries are some light industry, agriculture , forestry , fishing, salmon production, and tourism . Meløy Energi , an electrical power company,

1152-466: The United States, sand is commonly divided into five sub-categories based on size: very fine sand ( 1 ⁄ 16 – 1 ⁄ 8  mm diameter), fine sand ( 1 ⁄ 8  mm – 1 ⁄ 4  mm), medium sand ( 1 ⁄ 4  mm – 1 ⁄ 2  mm), coarse sand ( 1 ⁄ 2  mm – 1 mm), and very coarse sand (1 mm – 2 mm). These sizes are based on

1200-416: The border with Beiarn Municipality . Historically, the land of Meløy was divided up into named farms. These farms were used in census and tax records and are useful for genealogical research. Coordinates on the maps are approximate. Each map has a maximum number of listings it can display, so the map has been divided into parts consistent with the enumeration districts ( Norwegian : tellingskrets ) in

1248-567: The cold temperatures, similar to other glaciers close by such as the Jostedalsbreen glacier . The surface on the top of the plateau feeds many outlet glaciers , including the Engabreen glacier . The status of the glacier is unknown, although some of the outlet glaciers are advancing and gaining ice mass. Mel%C3%B8y Municipality Meløy is a municipality in Nordland county , Norway . It

1296-441: The construction industry, for example for making concrete . Grains of desert sand are rounded by being blown in the wind, and for this reason do not produce solid concrete, unlike the rough sand from the sea. Because of the growth of population and of cities and the consequent construction activity there is a huge demand for these special kinds of sand, and natural sources are running low. In 2012 French director Denis Delestrac made

1344-401: The current and historical composition of the council by political party . The mayor ( Norwegian : ordfører ) of Meløy is the political leader of the municipality and the chairperson of the municipal council. Here is a list of people who have held this position (incomplete list): The municipality of Meløy is a coastal community that includes many of the surrounding islands. Many parts of

1392-402: The digital version of O. Rygh. Note that the 1920 census records mapped above may not match O. Rygh. Farm names were often used as part of Norwegian names , in addition to the person's given name and patronymic or inherited surname. Some families retained the farm name, or toponymic, as a surname when they emigrated, so in those cases tracing a surname may tell you specifically where in Norway

1440-438: The extracted sand is killed and the ecosystem can continue to suffer for years after the mining is complete. Not only does this affect marine life, but also the local fishing industries because of the loss of life, and communities living close to the water's edge. When sand is taken out of the water it increases the risk of landslides, which can lead to loss of agricultural land and/or damage to dwellings. Sand's many uses require

1488-417: The family was from. This tradition began to change in the mid to late 19th century, and inherited surnames were codified into law in 1923. The industrial development—and thus the main contributor to the economic development and growth of the Meløy community—started around the time of World War I . It was based on electrical power production in then new Glomfjord power plant from water coming from

Svartisen - Misplaced Pages Continue

1536-413: The first Meløy Church was built there. The first element comes from the word mjǫl which means " flour " or "meal" (referring to fine sand on the beaches of the island). The last element (which was added to the name around the year 1500) is øy which means " island ". Historically, the name of the municiaplity was spelled Melø . On 6 January 1908, a royal resolution changed the spelling of

1584-571: The former) and silt (particles smaller than 0.0625 mm down to 0.004 mm). The size specification between sand and gravel has remained constant for more than a century, but particle diameters as small as 0.02 mm were considered sand under the Albert Atterberg standard in use during the early 20th century. The grains of sand in Archimedes ' The Sand Reckoner written around 240 BCE, were 0.02 mm in diameter. A 1938 specification of

1632-407: The glacier is considerably darker than fresh ice and newfallen snow. The western Svartisen ice cap is a glacier occupying 201 square kilometres (78 sq mi) of the coastal area of central Norway, just inside the Arctic Circle . Most of the glacier is around 1000 metres above sea level on a high plateau . The ice cap owes its existence to the high snowfall rates in the region, rather than

1680-458: The island of Meløya in the 16th century. Due to the expansion of the population during the 19th century, the area of Meløy was split from its southern neighbour, Rødøy Municipality, in 1884. Its administrative centre was originally on Meløya, but it was later moved to the mainland coastal village of Ørnes . Ørnes is one of the stops on the route of the Hurtigruten (coastal express boat), with

1728-452: The local rock sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non- tropical coastal settings is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO 2 ), usually in the form of quartz . Calcium carbonate is the second most common type of sand. One such example of this is aragonite , which has been created over the past 500   million years by various forms of life, such as coral and shellfish . It

1776-478: The mainland were fairly isolated until road tunnels were built during the 20th century that connected them to the rest of Norway. Some of the main islands of Meløy are Åmøya , Meløya , Bolga , Mesøya , Grønøya , and Støtt . Åmøya is connected to the mainland via the Brattsund Bridge . The other islands are all accessible by boat or ferry only. The Kalsholmen Lighthouse is located in the southwestern part of

1824-576: The municipality. The Vestfjorden passes Meløy in the northwest, and the Meløyfjorden, Glomfjorden , and Holandsfjorden cut into the mainland from the west. The Saltfjellet–Svartisen National Park is located in the southeast in the Saltfjellet mountain range, surrounding the Svartisen glacier. The highest point in the municipality is the 1,636.81-metre (5,370.1 ft) tall mountain Skjelåtinden , on

1872-404: The name of the municipality to Meløy . The coat of arms was granted on 7 December 1984. The official blazon is " Azure , a poppy plant Or " ( Norwegian : I blått en gull valmueplante ). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a subspecies of the arctic poppy plant locally known as Svartisvalmue ( Papaver radicatum subglobosum) . The poppy plant has

1920-639: The original ideda by Knut Sørensen. The Church of Norway has three parishes ( sokn ) within Meløy Municipality. It is part of the Bodø domprosti (arch- deanery ) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland . Meløy has been inhabited for many centuries and still possesses various relics from the Viking Age . The Benkestok family, one of Norway's original noble families, established one of its seats at Meløy gård (farm) on

1968-428: The previous 10-year period. The municipality of Meløy was established on 1 January 1884 when the large Rødøy Municipality was divided into two: Rødøy Municipality (population: 1,945) in the south and Meløy Municipality (population: 2,696) in the north. The municipal borders have not changed since then. The municipality (originally the parish ) is named after the island of Meløya ( Old Norse : Mjǫlva ) since

Svartisen - Misplaced Pages Continue

2016-437: The process of creating a beach, along with marine animals interacting with rocks, such as eating the algae off of them. Once there is a sufficient amount of sand, the beach acts as a barrier to keep the land from eroding any further. This sand is ideal for construction as it is angular and of various sizes. Marine sand (or ocean sand) comes from sediments transported into the ocean and the erosion of ocean rocks. The thickness of

2064-461: The rate the sand can replenish, making it a non-renewable resource. Sand dunes are a consequence of dry conditions or wind deposition. The Sahara Desert is very dry because of its geographic location and proximity to the equator . It is known for its vast sand dunes, which exist mainly due to a lack of vegetation and water. Over time, wind blows away fine particles, such as clay and dead organic matter, leaving only sand and larger rocks. Only 15% of

2112-460: The sand because they do not have as much time to dissolve away. The term for sand formed by weathering is "epiclastic." Sand from rivers are collected either from the river itself or its flood plain and accounts for the majority of the sand used in the construction industry. Because of this, many small rivers have been depleted, causing environmental concern and economic losses to adjacent land. The rate of sand mining in such areas greatly outweighs

2160-480: The sand layer varies, however it is common to have more sand closer to land; this type of sand is ideal for construction and is a very valuable commodity. Europe is the main miners of marine sand, which greatly hurts ecosystems and local fisheries. The study of individual grains can reveal much historical information as to the origin and kind of transport of the grain. Quartz sand that is recently weathered from granite or gneiss quartz crystals will be angular. It

2208-411: The sediment originated from and the intensity of the environment give different compositions of sand. The most common rock to form sand is granite , where the feldspar minerals dissolve faster than the quartz , causing the rock to break apart into small pieces. In high energy environments rocks break apart much faster than in more calm settings. In granite rocks this results in more feldspar minerals in

2256-493: The user to wear respiratory protection to avoid breathing the resulting fine silica dust . Safety data sheets for silica sand state that "excessive inhalation of crystalline silica is a serious health concern." In areas of high pore water pressure , sand and salt water can form quicksand , which is a colloid hydrogel that behaves like a liquid. Quicksand produces a considerable barrier to escape for creatures caught within, who often die from exposure (not from submersion) as

2304-621: Was 9.55 billion tons as part of a $ 99.5 billion industry. In April 2022, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) published a report stating that 50 billion tons of sand and gravel were being used every year. The report made 10 recommendations, including a ban on beach extraction, to avert a crisis, and move toward a circular economy for the two resources. While sand is generally non-toxic, sand-using activities such as sandblasting require precautions. Bags of silica sand used for sandblasting now carry labels warning

#508491