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53-451: In August 1769, an expedition led by Gaspar de Portola came upon a grove of oak trees (Spanish: encinos ) which they named El Valle de la Catalina de Bononia de los Encinos . Franciscan missionary and explorer Juan Crespí , who was the diarist for the expedition, mentioned the artesian springs in his 1769 diary. He described the Indigenous peoples living there in two villages populated with

106-939: A lieutenant in 1743. He saw service in Italy during the War of the Austrian Succession and participated in the Spanish invasion of Portugal during the Fantastic War . Following the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Spanish Empire , Portolá was tasked with removing the Jesuits from Spanish missions in Baja California . He then ensured the missions were turned over to the Franciscans and later to

159-481: A beaded edge. The Los Angeles Times reported that the archeologist John A. Comstock claimed the "Indians in the Encino Hot Springs vicinity fashioned the finest stone vessels of any Indians In this part of the country with the possible exception of Catalina Island Indians, who had a stone particularly adaptable to such purposes". The mortero was estimated to be between 1000 and 1500 years old. In 1946 it

212-701: A day. The expedition recorded an earthquake on July 28 at the Santa Ana River . On July 29 they reached the site of present-day Fullerton, California at Hillcrest Park . On July 30, the expedition crossed the Puente Hills at a pass in La Habra (North Harbor Boulevard). They moved north-west to the San Gabriel River (near El Monte ) where they built a bridge to cross over. This bridge ('La Puente' in Crespi's diary)

265-578: A joint expedition by land and sea to again search for the bay and establish a colony if they were successful. The San Antonio sailed on April 16, 1770. On board were Serra, Miguel Costansó, military engineer and cartographer, and Doctor Pedro Prat, army surgeon, along with a cargo of supplies for the new mission at Monterey. On April 17, after mustering what forces he could, Portolá's land expedition, which included lieutenant Pedro Fages , 12 Spanish volunteers, seven leather-jacket soldiers, five Baja California Indians, two muleteers , and Juan Crespí serving as

318-478: A second, the San Antonio sailed from Cabo San Lucas on February 15. At the same time, the various elements of the land parties began to move north from Loreto, Baja California Sur . The land expedition was assembled at Velicatá, where Serra established his first new mission . From there, Portolá's plan called for splitting the land expedition in two. The lead group, charged with building a wagon trail and pacifying

371-528: A song called "Ventura Boulevard" on their 1968 album Roots . Ventura Boulevard is mentioned in Tom Petty 's song " Free Fallin' " ("All the vampires walkin' through the valley, Move west down Ventura Boulevard..."). When Petty died in 2017, what was intended as a walk by four fans turned into a public memorial as 10 times that many ‘Vampires’ walked west down the Boulevard in memory of the singer. The Boulevard

424-424: A song entitled "18969 Ventura Blvd." In the documentary Living with Michael Jackson , it is revealed that Michael Jackson wrote the song Billie Jean while riding down Ventura Boulevard in his car. Haim 's music video " Want You Back " is filmed on Ventura Boulevard. The boulevard is a prominent location in the movie The 40-Year-Old Virgin . Much of the films Crash and Transformers were filmed on

477-562: A total of about 200 inhabitants. The springs were a gathering place for several thousand years for the Tongva , Chumash , Tataviam and other Indigenous tribes. These Indigenous inhabitants were formerly referred to as "Fernandeños" by the Spanish colonialists because they were enslaved by the San Fernando Mission. Rancho Los Encinos, the land encompassing the springs, was originally granted by

530-501: Is also mentioned in Frank Zappa 's " Valley Girl " ("On Ventura, there she goes, she just bought some bitchin' clothes") a song about a valley girl (voiced by his daughter Moon Zappa) who lives in Encino and participates in typical Valley Girl activities such as shopping at The Galleria, not wanting to do the dishes, and getting her toenails professionally pedicured. Guitarist John 5 made

583-587: Is close to the spot where the expedition crossed the Santa Ana River, and the school has a 60-foot mural depicting the Portolà Expedition. Portola Parkway running through Irvine and Lake Forest (though not connected as of 2018), was also named after Portolà. It is said that Portolà used the same route Portola Parkway now runs across. Portola Drive, which runs parallel to and near the Monterey Bay shoreline,

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636-691: Is located only a few blocks away from Ventura Boulevard, probably makes more TV sitcoms than any other studio. In 2015 the Studio City section of Ventura Boulevard, along with Lankershim Boulevard, was the site of CicLAvia , an event sponsored by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority in which major roads are temporarily closed to motorized vehicle traffic and used for recreational human-powered transport . Ventura Boulevard carries Metro Local lines 150 and 240. The Everly Brothers recorded

689-513: Is remembered in the name of today's nearby city of La Puente . They arrived in what is now Los Angeles on August 2 (where the Los Angeles River and Arroyo Seco river meet). The following day, they marched out the Indian trail that would one day become Wilshire Boulevard to the present site of Santa Monica . Winding around to the area of later Saugus , now part of Santa Clarita , they reached

742-414: Is the hippest part of town. They even named a boulevard after Charlie Ventura ," referring to the renowned jazz saxophonist. Detective fiction author Raymond Chandler on Ventura Boulevard from his novel The Little Sister (1949): At La Brea I turned north and swung over to Highland , out over Cahuenga Pass and on to Ventura Boulevard , past Studio City and Sherman Oaks and Encino . There

795-689: Is the main street of the Pleasure Point area of Santa Cruz County . Portola Avenue is also a north-south street located in Palm Desert in the Coachella Valley . In World War II, the United States liberty ship SS Gaspar de Portola was named in his honor. Ventura Boulevard Ventura Boulevard is one of the primary east–west thoroughfares in the San Fernando Valley region of

848-530: The Butterfield Stage route in the 1880s. They could refresh themselves from the long dusty trip from Los Angeles to San Francisco. The bathhouse fell into disrepair as shown here with Alex Abel, caretaker of the ranch under the Amestoys , and was later removed." In 1915, two spring sources were identified on the site, approximately 30 feet (9.1 m) apart within the stone reservoir, the smaller spring west of

901-657: The Dominicans . Spain was driven to establish missions and other outposts on the Pacific Coast north of the Baja California Peninsula by fears that the territory would be claimed by foreign powers, in addition to its Catholic proselytizing mission and insatiable need for additional sources of income. The British , who had established several colonies on the East Coast of North America, had also sent explorers into

954-1210: The Los Angeles Central Library's History Room. The city of Portola in Plumas County , the town of Portola Valley in San Mateo County , and the Portola neighborhood of San Francisco were named after Portolà. A number of schools in California were also named after him, including Portola Hills Elementary School in Portola Hills , Portola Elementary School in San Bruno , Gaspar de Portola Middle School in Tierrasanta , Portola Middle School in Tarzana , Portola Middle School in Orange , & Portola High School in Irvine . The school in Orange

1007-684: The Los Encinos State Historic Park . Gaspar de Portola Captain Gaspar de Portolá y Rovira (January 1, 1716 – October 10, 1786) was a Spanish Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the first governor of the Californias from 1767 to 1770. Born in Catalonia into an aristocratic family , he is best known for leading the Portolá expedition into California , which laid

1060-746: The San Carlos , the first ship to leave La Paz, having met with fierce winds and storms on the journey, arrived on April 29. A third vessel was to follow with supplies, but it was probably lost at sea. The land expedition of Portolá arrived on June 29. After their arduous journeys, most of the men aboard ship were ill, chiefly from scurvy , and many had died. Out of a total of 219 who left Baja California, little more than 100 now survived. Eager to press on to Monterey Bay , Portolá and his expedition, consisting of Juan Crespí, 63 leather-jacket soldiers and 100 mules loaded down with provisions, headed north on July 14, 1769, marching two to four leagues (1 league = 2.6 miles)

1113-466: The Tataviam and Tongva village of Siutcanga , which is at least 4,000 years old. Due to natural springs in the area, one of the first inhabited areas of the San Fernando Valley was the land around what is now known as Los Encinos State Historic Park , at the corner of Balboa and Ventura boulevards, which was inhabited by the Tongva for thousands of years. This 5-acre (2 hm²) park now includes

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1166-415: The California coastline as far north as Monterey in 1602, but no significant Spanish settlement or even trading station had followed because those earlier explorations had failed to find a good harbor that the Spanish could have used for their long-standing Pacific maritime trade between Asia and Mexico: Monterey Bay, sighted by both Cabrillo and Vizcaíno, was exposed to rough currents and winds. In May 1768,

1219-1013: The City of Los Angeles, California . Ventura Boulevard is one of the oldest routes in the San Fernando Valley as it is along the commemorative route El Camino Real . It was also U.S. Route 101 (US 101) before the freeway (which it parallels for much of Ventura Boulevard's length) was built, and it was also previously signed as U.S. Route 101 Business (US 101 Bus.). Approximately 18 miles (29 km) long, Ventura Boulevard begins near Calabasas in Woodland Hills at an intersection with Valley Circle Boulevard. The Boulevard travels through Tarzana , Encino , and Sherman Oaks before intersecting with Lankershim Boulevard in Studio City , where it becomes Cahuenga Boulevard and winds through Cahuenga Pass into Hollywood . Historically,

1272-487: The Encino Springs. From 1849 to 1862, Jose Vicente de los Reyes de la Ossa , commonly known as Vicente de la Osa, and his wife, Rita de la Osa, owned the historic rancho property where the springs were situated. Land case records state that de la Osa had sought out the "Native Americans who owned Encino prior to him in exchange for the right to purchase the rancho from them." Another account states that de la Osa purchased

1325-594: The Golden Gate, and thus it was not exposed to rough ocean currents as was Monterey Bay, which had been known to the Spanish since Cabrillo's exploration in the sixteenth century. Despite the earlier explorations of Cabrillo and Vizcaíno, and despite two centuries of Spanish sailing the Pacific for trade between Asia and Mexico, the San Francisco Bay had been missed because of the fog that frequently shrouded its entrance. If

1378-609: The Pacific. Russian fur hunters were pressing east from Siberia across the Bering Strait into the Aleutian Islands and beyond. Dispatches of January 23, 1768, exchanged between King Carlos and the viceroy, set the wheels in motion to extend Spain's control up the Pacific Coast and establish colonies and missions at San Diego Bay and Monterey Bay , which had been discovered and described in reports by earlier explorers Juan Cabrillo and Sebastián Vizcaíno . Vizcaíno had mapped

1431-459: The San Francisco Bay had been discovered earlier, the region surrounding would have been settled by the Spanish earlier since it would have provided a safe, convenient harbor for Spain's Pacific maritime trade. Portolá's party then headed back to San Diego, exploring and naming many localities in the region south of what eventually became known as the Golden Gate . Surviving on mule meat for most of

1484-542: The Spanish Visitor General, José de Gálvez , began to organize an expedition , by sea and by land. Portolá was created "Governor of the Californias" and given overall command. Junípero Serra , leader of the expedition's Franciscan missionaries, took command of spiritual matters. Sea and land detachments were to meet at San Diego Bay. The first ship, the San Carlos , sailed from La Paz on January 10, 1769 and

1537-606: The Spanish king to a veteran of the Portolá expedition named Juan Francisco Reyes , then regranted to the San Fernando Mission in 1797, and then finally, after secularization , in 1845, one square Spanish league was granted by the Mexican government to Ramon, Francisco and Roque, who are traditionally believed to have been Mission Indians . Before the Battle of Providencia occurred in 1845, Manuel Micheltorena 's troops camped at

1590-484: The appropriately named Woodland Hills. In 1928, just a couple blocks east of Laurel Canyon , Mack Sennett created his 38-acre (15.4 hm²) Keystone Studios , which produced silent movies with stars such as Fatty Arbuckle , W.C. Fields , Stan Laurel , and the Keystone Cops . After talkies, Keystone became Republic Pictures , and then in 1963 CBS Studio Center . Although closed to the public, this complex, which

1643-672: The area to become Santa Barbara on August 19, and the present-day San Simeon area on September 13. Unable to remain on the coast due to the steep, difficult terrain, the party turned inland. They marched through the San Antonio Valley and on October 1, Portolá's party emerged from the Santa Lucia Mountains and reached the mouth of the Salinas River . After a march of some 400 miles (640 km) from San Diego and about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) from Velicatá, they had reached

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1696-399: The bay they were seeking. But they failed to discern the coastline's semi-circular shape, described by Vizcaíno as round like an "O", even though members of the party had twice marched along its beach. Having failed to find their goal, they marched on north and reached the area at the north end of the bay, where Crespí named a creek Santa Cruz on October 18. Pushing on, they reached a creek in

1749-693: The bay, a Mass was conducted near the oak tree that the Carmelite missionaries with Vizcaíno had worshiped under in 1603, and possession was officially taken. On June 3, 1770, they laid the beginnings of the Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo and founded the Presidio of Monterey . Governor Portolá's task was finished. He then left Captain Pedro Fages in charge, and on June 9 he sailed for San Blas , never to return to Upper California. In 1776, Portolá

1802-543: The boulevard. In the Seinfeld episode " The Trip, Part 2 ", Jerry and George were said to be calling from a pay phone on Ventura Boulevard. In reality, the pay phone shown was on Ventura Place, about one block away. In the Treehouse of Horror VI episode of The Simpsons , Ventura Boulevard features as the location of the show's first ever live-action scene. Steve Allen , who lived in Encino, famously joked that "The Valley

1855-428: The expedition's chaplain, again marched north. The expedition followed the same route they had the previous winter while returning to San Diego. After 36 days on the road, with only two days of rest, Portolá arrived at his second cross on May 24, 1770. He then saw that on a clear day and from a certain point of view the round harbor assumed the proportions described by the earlier enthusiastic explorers. Having recognized

1908-581: The expedition: San Diego de Alcalá on July 16, 1769 and Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo on June 3, 1770. Rivera reached the site of present-day San Diego in May, established a camp in the area that is now Old Town and awaited the arrival of the others. Because of an error by Vizcaíno in determining the latitude of the San Diego Harbor, the ships passed by it and landed too far north before finding their way back. The San Antonio arrived on April 11 and

1961-528: The foundations of Spanish rule in the region Californian cities like San Diego and Monterey , and bestowed names to geographic features throughout California, many of which are still in use. Gaspar de Portolá y Rovira was born on January 1, 1716 in Os de Balaguer , Catalonia, into a family of minor Spanish nobility . After he came of age, Portolá joined the Spanish Army , being commissioned as an ensign in 1734 and

2014-531: The journey, they arrived on January 24, 1770. On their way past Monterey Bay, they again failed to recognize it as the same bay that Vizcaíno had described in 1602. One of Portolá's officers, Captain Vicente Vila, convinced him that he had actually been exactly on the Bay of Monterey when he placed his second cross at what later became Pacific Grove . After replenishing supplies at San Diego, Portolá and Serra decided on

2067-538: The larger spring. The geologic source of the water is associated with the Miocene shale , where the shale "dips about 25°N" toward the Valley, and was a "primary and secondary alkaline and primary saline water of moderate mineralization". In 1925, a Mexican worker at the site discovered a 20-inch (51 cm) grinding mortar made of volcanic basalt , and a possible burial ground west of the springs. The large bowl-shaped mortar had

2120-671: The natives, was led by Captain Fernando Rivera y Moncada , and departed from Velicatá on March 24. With Rivera was the priest Juan Crespí , diarist for the Franciscans. The expedition led by Portolá, which included Junípero Serra (the President of the Missions), along with a combination of missionaries, settlers, and leather-jacket soldiers, including José Raimundo Carrillo , left Velicatá on May 15. Junípero Serra founded two more missions during

2173-492: The original nine-room De La Osa Adobe (built in 1849) and a reservoir shaped like a Spanish guitar that collects the springwater. The Valley's first golf course opened at the corner of Ventura and Coldwater Canyon in 1922 (this is now the site of the Sportsmen's Lodge). Also in 1922, around the area of Canoga Avenue south of Ventura Boulevard, Victor Girard purchased 2,886 acres (12 km²) of land and planted over 120,000 pepper, sycamore, and eucalyptus trees, later resulting in

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2226-421: The present-day town of Pacifica on October 31. On November 4, having crossed the low coastal mountain range above the creek, the party was stunned to catch a glimpse of the enormous San Francisco Bay from the mountain range, as the bay was previously unknown to the Spanish. This sighting was crucial to the later settlement of California because unlike Monterey Bay, it was surrounded by land on all sides except

2279-450: The purview of the California State Parks and Recreation department since 1949, and continue to feed the reservoir (alternately called an artificial lake or "fishpond") that was built by Garnier in the 1870s. In the 1920s, a resort and hotel operated at Encino Hot Springs. The resort was built on Ventura Boulevard , and became a popular spot that included entertainment. In July 1922, the Van Nuys News reported that over 1000 people visited

2332-438: The resort in one day. The report stated that the site was known as the "old Amestoy Homestead", and mentioned that a swimming pool and dance hall were being constructed at the "famous hot spring". In 1928, the hot springs property was purchased from T.S. Ward and Mrs. R. White by H.W. Oakes, a restaurant owner from San Diego . In 1875, the hot spring water temperature was measured at 85 °F (29 °C). The mineral content

2385-415: The site from "three Indians" for $ 100. De la Osa claimed that the springs on the property were "both cold and warm, the latter possessing medicinal qualities." In the 1850s, De la Osa fenced off the springs and announced his intention to charge drovers two cents a head to water cattle and horses, and one cent per sheep. The spring water collection ponds were built around 1872 by Eugene Garnier, and in 1875 it

2438-487: The sleazy hamburger joints that look like palaces under the colors, the circular drive-ins as gay as circuses with chipper hard-eye car-hops...Behind Encino an occasional light winked...from the homes of screen stars. Screen stars, phooey...” Video game developer Infinity Ward , which developed most of the games in the Call of Duty series, has its headquarters on Ventura Boulevard. The studios can be seen at 15821 Ventura Boulevard, Encino . The Ventura Business District

2491-556: The street has been one of the most concentrated location for small businesses and shops in the Valley, while today it has pockets of housing, mini-malls, and shops, along with a wide assortment of businesses, schools, and other establishments. Homes south of Ventura Boulevard are considered to be among the most expensive in Los Angeles County, ranging from $ 2 million to $ 50 million and home to numerous executives, celebrities, athletes, and other entertainers. Ventura Boulevard follows an ancient pre-Columbian trading trail that served

2544-403: Was appointed the governor of Puebla . After the appointment of his successor in 1784, he was advanced money for expenses and returned to Spain, where he served as commander of the Numancia cavalry dragoon regiment. On February 7, 1786 he was appointed King's Lieutenant for the strongholds and castles of Lleida. He died that same year, in October. A 9 foot (2.7 m) statue in Pacifica, California

2597-417: Was nothing lonely about the trip. There never is on that road. Fast boys in stripped-down Fords shot in and out of the traffic streams, missing fenders by a sixteenth of an inch, but somehow always missing them. Tired men in dusty coupés and sedans winced and tightened their grip on the wheel and ploughed on north and west towards home and dinner...I drove past the gaudy neon’s and the false fronts behind them,

2650-497: Was recorded as including sodium, calcium, sulphate, chloride, carbonate, silica, and trace amounts of potassium, lithium and phosphate. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide gasses percolated up through the spring water. Decades later, NOAA measured the spring water temperature at 79 °F (26 °C) at the source. In 1969, the measured yield of the springs was 24,000 U.S. gallons (91,000 L; 20,000 imp gal) per day. The hot springs continue to flow, as of 1978, at

2703-413: Was reported that the main ranch spring "supplied a stone reservoir and a bathing pool and yielded about 5 U.S. gallons (19 L; 4.2 imp gal) a minute". In 1890, an account of the springs described "a number" of sources that were in "local use" at Encino. "The Encino spring was used as one of the first mineral springs along El Camino Real . The old bathhouse was a favorite stop for riders along

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2756-441: Was reported that the state of California had established a fund to acquire El Ranchos de Los Encinos, (a five-acre rancho), including the hot springs that formerly belonged to the Indigenous peoples of the area. In 1949, the National Environmental Health Association published a study on mosquitos in the Los Angeles area, stating that two species that may carry disease had been found in the hot springs area. The springs have been under

2809-401: Was sculpted by the Catalan sculptor Josep Maria Subirachs and his associate, Francesc Carulla. It was given to the people of California by the Catalan government in 1988. The statue was taken down on January 18, 2024, after years of complaint that the statue was honoring European colonization in the area. A ten-foot high oil-on-canvas portrait of Portolá by Albert Herter in 1929 hangs in

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