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26-665: The south, and east parts of district have mountainous landscape, while the northern parts consist of plains ( Ili valley ). The highest point in the district, the Saz mountain, is covered with permanent snow . The terrain has a slope towards the Kapchagay Reservoir . Having mild winters and hot summers, the district's climate is continental ; in January, temperatures are between -6 and -10°С, and in July, temperatures are 20—24°С. Annual precipitation

52-558: Is 200—400 millimeters, increasing to 550—700 millimeters near the mountains. There are a lot of rivers in Enbekshikazakh District, including Issyk , Turgen, Kiikbay, Sholak, Shybykty, Belshabdar, Karaturyk, Lavarsaz, Asy and Chilik . The Konayev Canal (or Big Almaty Canal) passes through the district. Hydroelectric power stations are built on some of the rivers. In addition to the rivers, the district has lakes, including Issyk , Jasylkol and others. The non-mountainous part of

78-903: Is a river in Northwest China and Southeastern Kazakhstan . It flows from the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region to the Almaty Region in Kazakhstan. It is 1,439 kilometres (894 mi) long (including its source river the Tekes), 815 kilometres (506 mi) of which is in Kazakhstan. The river originates from the Tekes and Künes rivers in Eastern Tian Shan . The Ili drains

104-590: Is also another smaller dam at 43°23′41″N 82°29′20″E  /  43.39472°N 82.48889°E  / 43.39472; 82.48889 , on the border of Tokkuztara and Künes Counties. The Ili is the main watercourse of the Balkhash-Alakol Basin . The region of Kazakhstan partially drained by the Ili and its tributaries is known in Kazakh as Zhetysu ('Seven Rivers'). In Russian it is known as Semirechye (meaning

130-891: Is the Asiatic wild ass . The Ili River treaty of 638 AD formalized the division of the Western Turkic Kaganate (552–638 AD) into the Nushibi and the Dulu . It also established the Ili River as the border between the two states. In the 21st century, increasing need for water in both China and Kazakhstan makes the management of the cross-border Ili River a topic of concern for environmentalists and politicians in Kazakhstan (who feel that their country may not get enough water flowing in from China any more). The amount of precipitation in summer reaches 150–250 cubic metres (5,300–8,800 cu ft). On

156-545: The Irtysh river and the Ural river in terms of water content. The Government of Kazakhstan plans to join the three sanctuaries Balkash, Karoy and Kukan (situated in the delta) into one National Park. Until 1948, the delta was a refuge of the extinct Caspian tiger . An introduction of the Siberian tiger to the delta has been proposed on account that it is a genetically close relative of

182-556: The Kara-Khanid confederation. However, scholars have not yet come to a settled conclusion. Al-Kashgari advocated monolingualism and the linguistic purism of the Turkic languages and held a belief in the superiority of nomadic people (the Turkic tribes had traditionally been nomads) over urban populations. Most of his Turkic-speaking contemporaries were bilingual in New Persian , which

208-620: The Qing administration in Xinjiang in the late 18th and 19th centuries. It was occupied by Russia from 1871 to 1881 (from the Yaqub Beg rebellion until the Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881) ). Presently, the region forms part of Xinjiang's Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture . The main city of the region, Yining (Kulja), is located on the northern side of the river (about 100 kilometres (62 mi) upstream from

234-541: The Caspian tiger. A large population of wild boar , the main prey base of the Caspian tiger, can be still found in the delta. There is also a small population of roe deer. In the drier steppes to the south of the delta live saiga antelopes and goitered gazelles . Reintroduction of the Bactrian deer , another prey of the Caspian tiger, is currently under consideration. Another potential prey species considered to be reintroduced

260-849: The Kash River ( 喀什河 ), in Nilka County , at 43°51′40″N 82°50′52″E  /  43.86111°N 82.84778°E  / 43.86111; 82.84778 and 43°51′14″N 82°48′08″E  /  43.85389°N 82.80222°E  / 43.85389; 82.80222 . At least two dams have been constructed on the Ili's left tributary, the Tekes River, and the Qiapuqihai Hydropower Station ( 恰甫其海水电站 ) in Tokkuztara County ( 43°18′14″N 82°29′05″E  /  43.30389°N 82.48472°E  / 43.30389; 82.48472 ). There

286-705: The Turkic languages of his time and in Baghdad, he compiled the first comprehensive dictionary of Turkic languages, the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk (English: "Compendium of the languages of the Turks") in 1072–74. It was intended for use by the Abbasid Caliphate , the new Arab allies of the Turks. Mahmud Kashgari's comprehensive dictionary, later edited by the Turkish historian, Ali Amiri , contains specimens of old Turkic poetry in

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312-464: The assimilation of the nomadic way of life into a sedentary culture. He recorded a Turkic proverb that warned, “Just as the effectiveness of a warrior is diminished when his sword begins to rust, so too does the flesh of a Turk begin to rot when he assumes the lifestyle of an Iranian.” Some researchers think that Mahmud al-Kashgari died in 1102 at the age of 97 in Upal , a small city southwest of Kashgar and

338-556: The basin between the Tian Shan and the Borohoro Mountains . Flowing into Lake Balkhash , the Ili forms a large delta with vast wetland regions of lakes, marshes and vegetation. The river's name is usually taken to derive from Mongolian il ( ил , "open, clear, obvious") in reference to its wide central valley. It is also variously derived from Persian or Iranian terms meaning "big river" or "murky" in reference to

364-639: The book, the author defines it in the following way: "Ili, the name of a river. Turkic tribes of Yaghma , Tokhsi and Chiglig live on its banks. Turkish countries regard the river as their Jayhoun ( Amu Darya )." The upper Ili Valley is separated from the Dzungarian Basin in the north by the Borohoro Mountains, and from the Tarim Basin in the south by the Tian Shan . This region was the stronghold of

390-614: The compiled information is not known. Scholars believe it is likely that Kashgari would have gathered most of the content about Oguz-Turkmen from Oguz tribes in Khorasan since he himself was a student in Seljuk Baghdad, but it is possible that some of this material could have come from early Turkmen. Other scholars believe that the compendium was based on the Turkiyya language of the Chigil tribe in

416-462: The international border). Until the early 1900s, the city was commonly known under the same name as the river, 伊犁 ( Pinyin : Yīlí ; Wade-Giles : Ili ). Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County in located on the southern side, which is home to many of China's Xibe people (who resettled there in the 18th century as part of the Manchu Garrison). There are at least two dams on the Ili's tributary,

442-572: The region is mostly semi-desert. Mountainous areas are affected by altitudinal zonation ; steppes first changing to forests, and then switching to montane grasslands and shrublands . The district has some protected areas , including Almaty Conversation, Issyk Kurgan , Shynturgen Refuge, and the Ile-Alatau National Park which partially lies within the district boundaries. The district was formed in 1928 as Syugatin District. Then, in 1929, it

468-510: The river, the most popular type of fishing is fishing of catfish, one of the largest aquatic predators, which may reach 5 meters (16 ft) in length and weigh up to 300 kilograms (660 lb). Smaller specimens are usually within 50–100 kilograms (110–220 lb). The main tributaries of the Ili are, from source to mouth: 45°24′N 74°08′E  /  45.400°N 74.133°E  / 45.400; 74.133 Mahmud al-Kashgari Mahmud ibn Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Kashgari

494-583: The same). The Kapshagay Hydroelectric Power Plant was constructed between 1965 and 1970 near Kapchagay in the middle reaches of the Ili River. This currently comprises the Kapchagay Reservoir , an artificial 110 kilometres (70 mi) long lake north of Almaty . The Tamgaly-Tas, a protected site that comprises rock drawings , is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) downstream along the Ili River. The name Tamgaly in Kazakh means "painted" or "marked place", and Tas means "stone". The Ili River flows into

520-911: The southeastern edge of Lake Balkhash , where it forms a large delta of about 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi). The delta is situated between the Saryesik-Atyrau Desert and the Taukum Desert. An area of 9,766 km (3,771 sq mi) within the delta has been designated as a Ramsar Site . This site has 427 species of plants and 345 species of animals, including important populations of rare species ( Dalmatian pelican , goitered gazelle , marbled polecat , white-headed duck , red-breasted goose , ship sturgeon , and others). The delta has also become popular amongst anglers for its wels catfish , which can grow up to over 300 lb (140 kg). The Ili river ranks third in Kazakhstan after

546-673: The typical form of quatrains ( Persio - Arabic رباعیات , rubā'iyāt ; Turkish : dörtlük ), representing all the principal genres: epic , pastoral , didactic , lyric and elegiac . His book also included the first known map of the areas inhabited by Turkic peoples . This map is housed at the National Library in Istanbul. Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk also contains linguistic data about multiple Turkic dialects that may have been gathered from merchants and others involved in trade along routes that travelled through Transoxiana . The origin of

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572-583: The water's condition at the confluence of the Kunges and Tekes. Some Uyghur scholars derive it from Uyghur il ("hook") after the supposed similarity in the river's shape. Tourist websites sometimes claim the name descends from a Mongolian word meaning "shimmering". Mentions of Ili river can be traced back to the Mahmud al-Kashgari 's dictionary of Turkic languages, the Dīwānu l-Luġat al-Turk (written in 1072–74). In

598-631: Was an 11th-century Kara-Khanid scholar and lexicographer of the Turkic languages from Kashgar . His father, Husayn, was the mayor of Barsgan , a town in the southeastern part of the lake of Issyk-Kul (nowadays village of Barskoon in Northern Kyrgyzstan 's Issyk-Kul Region ) and related to the ruling dynasty of Kara-Khanid Khanate . Around 1057 C.E., Mahmud al-Kashgari became a political refugee, before settling down in Baghdad . Al-Kashgari studied

624-411: Was buried there. There is now a mausoleum erected on his gravesite. But some modern authors reject this assertion, saying that the date of his death is just unknown. He is claimed by Uyghur , Kyrgyz and Uzbek nationalists as part of their respective ethnic groups. An oriental study university, situated in the capital city of Bishkek in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan, was named after Makhmud Kashghari, in

650-706: Was renamed to Enbekshikazakh. First, the district's center was situated in Kara-Kemir. In 1932, it was moved to Esik city. In 1997, Chilik District's territory was added to Enbekshikazakh District. 43°21′N 77°28′E  /  43.350°N 77.467°E  / 43.350; 77.467 This Almaty Region location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ili valley The Ili River ( Uyghur : ئىلى دەرياسى , Или Дәряси , Ili Dəryasi ; Kazakh : Ile ; Russian : Или ; Chinese : 伊犁河 , Yīlí Hé ; Dungan : Йили хә , اِلِ حْ ; Mongolian : Или мөрөн , Ili Mörön )

676-512: Was then the urban and literary language of Central Asia. The most elegant of the dialects belongs to those who know only one language, who do not mix with Persians and who do not customarily settle in other lands. Those who have two languages and who mix with the populace of the cities have a certain slurring in their utterances. Even so, Kashgari praised the dialect spoken by the bilingual Uyghurs as "pure" and "most correct" on par with those of Turkic monolinguals. Al-Kashgari cautioned against

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