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55-566: The political space until then represented under the umbrella of the En Marea party had broken up in January 2019 after internal disputes throughout the two previous years had reached their peak in December 2018, following the election of a new party leadership under Luis Villares which had seen the party's founding partners— Podemos , Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood (Anova) and United Left (EU)—accusing

110-524: A snap election , provided that it did not occur before one year had elapsed since a previous dissolution under this procedure. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called. While the People's Party (PP) under Alberto Núñez Feijóo had been able to remain at

165-728: A "phantom" political organization registered in August 2018—and which evoked the name of the platform that saw En Marea's inception in the July 2016 Vigo assembly—amid the ongoing crisis within the En Marea confluence. After the election, the alliance formed the "Galicia in Common" (Spanish: Galicia en Común ) sub-group within the Unidas Podemos confederal parliamentary group in the Congress of Deputies . Ahead of

220-437: A coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates. Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested

275-445: A political party to contest the regional election. This had been opposed by the regional branch of Podemos, which had concurrently held a membership vote that resulted in 75% of party members favouring the electoral alliance format instead. This led to a deadlock in negotiations, as En Marea rejected the formula of the electoral coalition whereas Podemos refused both joining into the instrumental party and its trademark not appearing on

330-481: A prospective " confluence " of similarly-aligned parties to contest that year's general election . By the summer of 2015, the "Citizen Meeting for a Galician Tide" ( Galician : Encontro Cidadán por unha Marea Galega ) and the "Initiative for the Union" (Galician: Iniciativa pola Unión , IxU) platforms had been set up as meeting points for discussion between left-wing and Galician nationalist political forces, seeing

385-518: A result of a collapse in the vote for the opposition Socialists' Party of Galicia (PSdeG–PSOE) and Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG). The emergence of Podemos and Citizens (C's) and the reorganization of the political space of non-Galician nationalists to the left of the PSOE, including the late Galician Left Alternative (AGE) comprising United Left (EU) and Anova , into the local "tides" ( Spanish : mareas )—popular unity candidacies established at

440-507: A result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its postponement to 12 July. En Marea En Marea (translated in English as "In Tide") was a political party and former political alliance integrated by Podemos , Anova , United Left of Galicia , and some municipal alliances that participated in the 2015 Spanish local elections ( Marea Atlántica , Compostela Aberta , and Ferrol en Común ). It

495-519: A system known as "begged" or expat vote ( Spanish : Voto rogado ). The 75 members of the Parliament of Galicia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation , with an electoral threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of A Coruña , Lugo , Ourense and Pontevedra , with each being allocated an initial minimum of 10 seats and

550-515: A tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by

605-636: The Commitment to Europe alliance, seeing poor performances in both elections. Ahead of the November 2019 general election , it considered an alliance with either CxG, Anova and the BNG or with Íñigo Errejón 's Más País , but talks were unsuccessful and it ultimately declined to run altogether. En Marea had initially dropped out from the 2020 Galician regional election race following the resignation of Villares and his farewell from politics on 19 February, but after it

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660-399: The Congress of Deputies . Negotiations throughout September 2015 ensued, but stalled over Podemos's demands of its name appearing on the ballot clashing with Galician-based parties' stance to set up an autonomous candidacy "without subordinations". A pre-agreement was reached between Podemos, Anova and EU on 23 September and subsequently offered to the local tide platforms, under which

715-679: The En Marea alliance between Podemos, EU and Anova would see the PP seeing off its worst electoral result in a general election on 20 December 2015 , although the party would see a slight recovery in the next general election held in June 2016 . After his defeat in the 2012 election, Pachi Vázquez announced his intention to abandon the PSdeG's leadership within a year and to allow for a primary election to be held to elect his successor. The primaries were held on 7 September 2013, with José Ramón Gómez Besteiro emerging as

770-529: The Galicia en Común alliance. The success of the local " tides " ( mareas ) in the 2015 Spanish local elections — with Marea Atlántica , Compostela Aberta , and Ferrol en Común forming the local governments of A Coruña , Santiago de Compostela , and Ferrol — had led to a renewed interest within the left-wing political space in Galicia , specially from Podemos and Xosé Manuel Beiras 's Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood (Anova), to engage in talks ahead of

825-436: The November 2019 general election , the alliance was renewed as a Podemos–EU-only coalition, after Equo had left it to run with Más País . The local " tides " ( mareas )—such as Marea Atlántica and Compostela Aberta —and Anova chose not to participate in either electoral contest, the latter citing difficulties in reaching an agreement for an electoral "broad front". In September 2019, after Villares-aligned deputies had left

880-530: The Socialists' Party of Galicia (PSdeG–PSOE) which scored the worst result of its history in a Galician regional election. Concurrently, the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) saw a slight drop in support but was able to outperform opinion poll predictions of an electoral meltdown. Finally, with 3.4%, Cs fell well below their aspirations of entering parliament, failing to secure any seat. The results of

935-631: The 2019 budget in March—in which Villares-aligned deputy Alexandra Fernández broke party discipline —with the parliamentary group in the Parliament of Galicia remaining united until the appointment of regional senators in June 2019, when Villares and three other deputies broke up to go into the Mixed Group. En Marea contested the April 2019 general election, as well as the May 2019 European Parliament election within

990-482: The 25 September election, in which the party scored 19.1% of the vote and attained second place regionally, but remained in opposition after being unable to prevent the People's Party of Galician president Alberto Núñez Feijóo from securing a new absolute majority in the Parliament of Galicia . En Marea's internal situation remained fragile throughout the tenure of the 10th Parliament. Villares's appointment as

1045-516: The Basque and Galician elections, both of which saw very poor PSOE's performances after being overtaken by the Podemos-led alliances and polling at record-low levels of support, prompted dissenters within the party—led by Andalusian president Susana Díaz —to call for Pedro Sánchez 's resignation as PSOE secretary-general. Sánchez's refusal to resign and his announcement of a party congress for later in

1100-479: The Basque and Galician elections, in which he would be running for re-election. The PSOE branches in both regions were widely seen as being supportive of Sánchez, prompting dissenters to frame the elections as a test on Sánchez and of the broader political mood in Spain after nine months of political impasse over the government formation process . The Parliament of Galicia was officially dissolved on 2 August 2016, after

1155-432: The June 2016 election. Both parties would end up joining the confluence in the run up to the 2016 Galician regional election , ahead of which the coalition partners chose to constitute En Marea as a political party, which was officially registered as such on 10 August 2016. In January 2019, the party saw its founding members — Podemos, Anova, and EU, as well as the local tides — splitting and eventually coalescing around

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1210-491: The Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with a regional election in the Basque Country . Alberto Núñez Feijóo announced the election would be brought forward to September, after initially scheduling to hold it throughout October, following Lehendakari Iñigo Urkullu 's announcement of a Basque election for 25 September. Feijóo defended his decision in that it would make "no sense" to hold

1265-420: The ballot, with the possibility arising of both parties eventually confronting each other in the regional election. A last minute deal was reached on 13 August, after national Podemos leader Pablo Iglesias anticipated that his party would run together with En Marea "whatever the formula was". Subsequently, Luis Villares , a judge running as an independent , was picked and elected as En Marea's candidate for

1320-621: The confluence in January 2019 and dub it as a "failed" political project, while hinting at the creation of a new, separate alliance. This was materialized in the establishment of the En Común coalition ahead of the April 2019 Spanish general election . En Marea remained integrated within the Unidos Podemos 's group in the Congress of Deputies until the latter's dissolution following the failed voting on

1375-494: The date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Journal of Galicia (DOG), with election day taking place between the fifty-fourth and the sixtieth day from publication. The previous election was held on 21 October 2012, which meant that

1430-568: The election only weeks after the Basque poll, specially considering the state of political instability in Spain over the government formation process after the general election in June . The election took place in a situation in which the Spanish political landscape had undergone a major transformation within a short time, with a decrease in support for the People's Party (PP) and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) nationally and

1485-448: The election" to form separate groups, Anova attempted to have the confluence registered as an "intrumental" party for the 2016 election in order to be able to circumvent this obstacle. This was opposed by both Podemos and EU which defended the figure of the coalition instead, arguing that the problem ultimately did not lie in the electoral formula at use but on the "sensivity" of the Congress's board. An internal crisis ensued throughout

1540-426: The election: The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If

1595-400: The emergence of new parties such as Podemos and Citizens (C's). Feijóo's PP, with 47.6% and 41 seats, went on to secure a third consecutive absolute majority, the only one at the time in Spain after the 2015 electoral cycle . The Podemos-supported En Marea list, which had already achieved major breakthroughs in the region at the 2015 and 2016 general elections, placed narrowly ahead of

1650-593: The event of a regional election taking place. The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a regional election taking place. The table below lists opinion polling on leader preferences to become president of the Regional Government of Galicia . Under Article 15 of the Statute, investiture processes to elect the president of the Regional Government of Galicia required of an absolute majority—more than half

1705-403: The following days, with public confrontations between several leaders—such as Beiras (Anova) and Yolanda Díaz (EU) —and Anova's threat of holding a membership vote on the issue of the electoral formula despite all other En Marea members voting against it, bringing the confluence to the brink of dissolution. Ultimately, Anova and Beiras backed down to avoid fracturing En Marea, and the alliance

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1760-420: The former of fraud and vote rigging, prompting their withdrawal from En Marea and their dubbing of it as a "failed" political project. Subsequently, Podemos and EU contested the April 2019 general election as an electoral alliance under the "In Common–United We Can" label ( Spanish : En Común–Unidas Podemos ), which for this election also included Equo and Mareas en Común (English: "Tides in Common" ),

1815-524: The future platform was to be recognized autonomy as a "Galician political subject". Joint action between the Galician Tide and IxU platforms stopped from mid-October because of the former disagreeing with having any new party join the confluence, leading to IxU and the BNG to break away to negotiate their own electoral alliance . A final meeting on 31 October only confirmed that both platforms would go their separate ways, leading to CxG refusing contesting

1870-497: The general election altogether. Equo and Cerna would also drop out for different reasons: the former because of alleged "deficiencies in democratic participation", whereas the latter dropped out citing the failure in reaching an alliance with the BNG as the reason. The resulting alliance, which would comprise Podemos, Anova and EU, would be labeled as "En Marea" (English: In Tide ) and officially registered on 6 November 2015. The alliance scored an election success by securing 25.0% of

1925-464: The helm of the Xunta de Galicia following the 2012 regional election , the party struggled to maintain its electoral standing in the ensuing years as a result of the corruption scandals beleaguering the party at the national level. In the 2014 European Parliament election , the PP obtained its worst result since 1989 up until that time, securing 35.2% of the vote though remaining in first place regionally as

1980-492: The incorporation of United Left of Galicia (EU)—allied with Anova under the Galician Left Alternative umbrella—the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG), Commitment to Galicia (CxG), Galician Eco-socialist Space (EcoSoGal), Equo and Cerna into the talks, with the ultimate goal of creating a "Galician Tide" (Galician: Marea Galega ), an electoral alliance able to secure a Galician-only parliamentary group in

2035-449: The legislature's term would have expired on 21 October 2016. The election decree was required to be published in the DOG no later than 27 September 2016, with the election taking place up to the sixtieth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Saturday, 26 November 2016. The president had the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of Galicia and call

2090-526: The local level to contest the 2015 local elections , such as Marea Atlántica , Compostela Aberta or Ferrol en Común , among others—brought about the PP's downfall from the local governments of the main Galician urban centres and in left-from-centre parties securing much of the local power in Galicia, with the mareas newly found popularity coming at the expense of both the PSdeG and the BNG. The establishment of

2145-836: The parliamentary group over Villares's performance as party spokesperson and his clashing with Podemos members—who comprised about half of the group —which led to a gradual weakening of Villares's stand as leader among the parties forming En Marea. The situation was aggravated in March 2018 when a policial incident involving a regional MP, Paula Quinteiro—a member of the Anticapitalistas current within Podemos—divided En Marea members between those demanding her resignation (including Beiras and Villares) and those defending her innocence (Podemos members, but also Ferreiro and Santiago de Compostela mayor Martiño Noriega). This internal division

2200-485: The party's sole leader and spokesperson in April 2017 had resulted in Equo dropping out of En Marea because of perceiving "defects" in the internal organization style, but also saw criticism coming from A Coruña mayor Xulio Ferreiro because of it "breaking" consensus "and excluding majority sensibilities" within the confluence, such as Ferreiro's Marea Atlántica itself, but also Anova or EU. Divisions were also evident within

2255-759: The party. The Parliament of Galicia was the devolved , unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Galicia , having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Galician Statute of Autonomy , as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president . Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage , which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Galicia and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Additionally, Galicians abroad were required to apply for voting before being permitted to vote,

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2310-417: The polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 38 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Galicia .    Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls    Exit poll The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences. The table below lists opinion polling on the victory preferences for each party in

2365-461: The publication of the dissolution decree in the Official Journal of Galicia. The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the chamber at the time of dissolution. The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry , coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form

2420-430: The remaining 35 being distributed in proportion to their populations. As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Parliament constituency was entitled the following seats: In smaller constituencies, the use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies. The term of the Parliament of Galicia expired four years after

2475-405: The share and finishing in second place ahead of the Socialists' Party of Galicia . The failure in government formation negotiations led to a new general election being called for 26 June 2016 . As en Marea had not been able to form a parliamentary group on its own due to the board of the Congress of Deputies blocking it, alleging the legal impossibility for parties "not competing each other in

2530-479: The still-existing En Marea group in the Parliament of Galicia, MPs from Podemos, EU and Anova formed the Grupo Común da Esquerda group, which considered itself a successor to the Galician Left Alternative alliance. While it has been pointed out by members that the group would be a key for the constitution of "a candidacy of rupturist unity" succeeding the late En Marea coalition ahead of the next Galician election, it

2585-414: The winner with 77% of the votes, subsequently ratified at a special party congress held on 29 September. Gómez Besteiro came under public scrutiny after being indicted on 3 July 2015 for four crimes, including influence peddling , bribery , prevarication and a crime against regional planning, allegedly committed during Besteiro's time in the local government of Lugo in 2005. On 12 March 2016, Besteiro

2640-649: The year—amid an ongoing government formation process and with the growing risk of a third general election in a row being held in Spain—led to an attempt from his critics to force his downfall, triggering a severe party crisis and a breakdown of party discipline which led to Sánchez's ousting on 1 October 2016, a divided PSOE abstaining in Mariano Rajoy 's investiture on 29 October and a subsequent party leadership election in 2017 which would see Sánchez returning to his post of secretary-general and taking full control over

2695-549: Was accused of six further crimes—new bribery, prevarication and influence peddling crimes, as well as abuse of public administrations , subsidy fraud and embezzlement of public funds —which prompted him to announce the following day his declination to be the party's leading candidate to the Xunta de Galicia in the next regional election. Mounting pressure from his party's colleagues, however, eventually led to Besteiro also resigning as party leader on 18 March. Xoaquín Fernández Leiceaga

2750-561: Was elected on 28 May through a primary election to be Besteiro's replacement as candidate to the Xunta, while a management committee took charge of the party. The national PSOE was also beleaguered by an internal crisis over Pedro Sánchez 's leadership as a result of the party having secured its worst electoral results since the Spanish transition to democracy in the 2015 and 2016 general elections, with Sánchez himself having announced an early party congress, to be held at some point following

2805-478: Was formed in November 2015 as an electoral coalition to contest the 2015 Spanish general election in Galicia . As part of the coalition agreement with Podemos, the name on the ballot paper for both the 2015 and 2016 general elections was Podemos–En Marea–Anova–EU. En Marea would receive the support of Galician Eco-socialist Space (EcoSoGal) for the 2015 general election, which was joined by Equo 's support in

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2860-478: Was maintained under the same format as in the December election. Following the 2016 general election, in which En Marea fell to third place in Galicia after losing 63,000 votes and three percentage points, discussions took place on the alliance's future ahead of the 2016 Galician regional election . In an assembly held in Vigo on 30 July, Anova, EU and the local tide platforms voted in favour of constituting En Marea as

2915-493: Was mirrored in subsequent party assemblies and meetings. In late 2018, a crisis concerning the election of a new party leadership resulted in a split between Luís Villares's supporters and En Marea's founding members, Podemos, Anova and EU. Villares was re-elected as party leader on 24 December 2018 despite the latter parties' attempts to mount an alternative candidacy, but his victory came amid accusations of fraud and vote rigging, prompting Podemos, Anova and EU to withdraw from

2970-403: Was noted that the parliamentary group's name did not advance the denomination of any prospective electoral brand. The alliance was reformed under the Galicia in Common label with Podemos, EU, Anova and the local tides ahead of the 2020 Galician regional election , with the coalition being maintained without significant changes even after the suspension of the election's initial date on 5 April as

3025-509: Was suspended and rescheduled for 12 July as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic the party announced that it would be contesting it within the Marea Galeguista alliance. 2016 Galician regional election Alberto Núñez Feijóo PP Alberto Núñez Feijóo PP The 2016 Galician regional election was held on Sunday, 25 September 2016, to elect the 10th Parliament of the autonomous community of Galicia . All 75 seats in

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