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17-472: On 4 July 1885, a nationwide insurrection against the French broke out under the leadership of the two regents Nguyễn Văn Tường and Tôn Thất Thuyết . The French stormed the palace and Tôn Thất Thuyết took Emperor Hàm Nghi and three empresses into hiding. Hàm Nghi went to the hills and jungles around Laos along with Tôn Thất Thuyết's force. While they waged guerrilla warfare against the French occupation forces,

34-405: A mountain base at Tân Sở , and then went to China to hide and seek reinforcements. "Tam Cung" refused, and came back to Huế . She was granted the title Empress Dowager Trang Ý ( Vietnamese : Trang Ý hoàng thái hậu ) by Đồng Khánh in 1887, and elevated to Grand Empress Dowager Trang Ý ( Vietnamese : Trang Ý thái hoàng thái hậu ) by Thành Thái in 1889. She died in 1902, and was given

51-460: A simple grave. In 2002, Vietnam sent a delegation to France to seek permission from Princess Nhu Lý (De la Besse died in 2005, in her 97th year) to move her father's remains to the former Imperial capital of Huế. Her family has so far refused. Some cities in Vietnam have streets named after him. Nguyen Van Tuong Nguyễn Văn Tường ( chữ Hán : 阮 文 祥 , 1824–1886) was a mandarin of

68-560: The Nguyễn dynasty in Vietnam. He is known for installing and dethroning three emperors in 1883–84: Dục Đức , Hiệp Hoà , and Kiến Phúc . Tường was born in Quảng Trị , in central Vietnam, to a peasant family. His father had been involved in a revolt against the Nguyễn dynasty rule, so he was barred from competing in the national examinations that were used to select mandarins and court officials. On 29 October 1848, Emperor Tự Đức ascended

85-506: The French replaced Hàm Nghi with his brother, Đồng Khánh , who was enthroned as the Son of Heaven . In October 1888, after a series of setbacks, Hàm Nghi was hiding in an isolated house near the spring of the Nai river, with Tôn Thất Thiệp, the second son of Tôn Thất Thuyết, and a few attendants. There, he was betrayed by the head of his Muong guards, Trương Quang Ngọc, and captured on 1 November, while Thiệp

102-456: The Tam Cung. Tự Đức had criticized Dục Đức's morality in explaining his appointment of Kiến Phúc, information that the regents deleted from the will at the request of the new monarch. However, the regents were unimpressed by Dục Đức's behaviour after their reprieve and decided to execute him. The treatment of Dục Đức has since raised speculation among historians that it was a vengeance killing due to

119-575: The countryside. In the old days, kings or emperors would occasionally go on trips, sometimes in disguise, in order to assess and gauge their citizens’ life. It was during one of these times that Thiệu Trị met his mother. In 1852, Tường was assigned to serve in the ministry of justice. In accordance with Confucian tradition, following the death of his father in 1862, Tường had to retire for a five-year mourning period before resuming his administrative career. Since 1858, France had been steadily making inroads into Vietnamese sovereignty. In 1873, Tự Đức gave Tường

136-473: The court and had much more power than Thành. The regents were not the only ones with power behind the throne. Dowager Empress Từ Dụ , the mother of Tự Đức, along with the two imperial consorts Trang Ý and Học Phi formed what were known as the "Tam Cung" (or "three harems"), a triumvirate which dabbled in palace intrigue. To complicate things further, Tường was having an affair with Học Phi. Tự Đức had no sons, but he had adopted three of his nephews. Dục Đức

153-493: The meantime, the French installed Đồng Khánh on the throne. The French gave Tường two months to bring Hàm Nghi to heel, and when the boy emperor continued to resist, they deported Tường on 6 September 1885, to Poulo Condore , along with the father of Thuyết, Tôn Thất Dinh . Tường continued to plot while in prison, and was caught sending out instructions for more revolts. The French resident superior seized his property and found 14.5 million piastres. On 23 November 1885, Tường

170-406: The monarch's interference in the affair between Tường and Học Phi. Tường and his colleagues then installed the 37-year-old Hiệp Hoà. However, the new emperor was aware of their faults, so he decided to steer clear of them. As a result, they wanted to dispose of him. Hiệp Hoà then made a deal with the French so that they would protect him, fearful of the regents. However, when the French were absent,

187-514: The regents put Hiệp Hoà to death. They then replaced him with Kiến Phúc. Kiến Phúc caught Tường with Học Phi and vowed to kill them for their conduct. Học Phi poisoned Phúc's medicine and he died the next day. Hàm Nghi was eventually installed as the emperor, and Thuyết decided to launch the Cần Vương movement, an uprising against the French. Thuyết took Hàm Nghi to a mountain base at Tan So , and then went to China to hide and seek reinforcements. In

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204-532: The responsibility of negotiating with the French. Despite his record of reaching agreements, the French regarded him as a cheat. After signing the Philastre treaty and recovering possession of Hanoi following the attack by Francis Garnier , Tường was promoted to be of Minister of Domestic and Foreign Affairs. In 1881, he became head of the cabinet. When Tự Đức died, Tường was made regent together with Trần Tiễn Thành and Tôn Thất Thuyết . Thuyết and Tường dominated

221-442: The throne. The imperial records do not record how Tường initially came into contact with Tự Đức, but they do show that under the emperor's protection, Tường was able to pass the national examinations with the highest honours. Private records from Tường's family history indicated that Tường was a (bastard) son of Thiệu Trị , being conceived when Thiệu Trị met Tường's mother during one of the emperor Tự Đức's unofficial journeys through

238-497: Was 31 years old and the son of Kien Thoai Vuong , Tự Đức's fourth brother. Chánh Mông (who went on to rule as Đồng Khánh ) and Duong Thien (who went on to rule as Kiến Phúc ), aged 19 and 14 respectively, were sons of his twenty-sixth brother, Kiên Thái Vương . According to research by the Vietnamese historian Phạm Văn Sơn, Tự Đức had intended for Kiến Phúc to succeed him, but that the regents installed Dục Đức under pressure from

255-589: Was deported to Tahiti in the Pacific Ocean where he died in February 1886. In July 1886, his body was returned to his family in Huế . Trang %C3%9D Trang Ý ( chữ Hán : 莊懿 , 20 June 1828 – 3 June 1902), born Vũ Thị Hài or Vũ Thị Duyên , was the wife of Tự Đức and adopted-mother of Dục Đức . She was a daughter of Vũ Xuân Cẩn . She had no child with Tự Đức, and adopted Dục Đức. After Tự Đức's death, she

272-399: Was granted the title Empress Khiêm ( Vietnamese : Khiêm Hoàng hậu ), and elevated to the position of one of the "Tam Cung" (三宮) together with Từ Dụ and Imperial Dowager Consort Nguyễn Văn Thị Hương . Tôn Thất Thuyết decided to launch the Cần Vương movement against French colonists. "Tam Cung" fled to Tomb of Tự Đức together with Emperor Hàm Nghi . Thuyết decided to take them to

289-744: Was killed. He was turned over to French officers on 2 November. On 12 December 1888, he was exiled to French Algeria . There he married a French Algerian woman, Marcelle Laloë , on 4 November 1904. They had three children, Prince Minh-Duc, Princess Nhu May and Princess Nhu Lý. Hàm Nghi died on 14 January 1944 at the age of 72, and was buried in Algiers. During his exile, he had bought the Château de Losse in Thonac , Dordogne , in southwest France. In 1965, Charles de Gaulle proposed to his daughter, Countess de la Besse, to transfer his body to Thonac, where he still lies in

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