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66-699: The Emgrand GL was launched in 2016. Despite the styling difference, mechanically, the Emgrand GL is the sedan version of the Emgrand GS hatchback. A few interior parts as well as the Engines were shared between the Emgrand GL and the Emgrand GS which are a 1.3-litre turbo engine producing 130 hp (97 kW; 132 PS) and 185 N⋅m (136 lb⋅ft; 19 kg⋅m) of torque, and a 1.8-litre engine producing 133 hp (99 kW; 135 PS) and 170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft; 17 kg⋅m) of torque. The Emgrand GL received

132-412: A Level 1 autonomous car , as defined by SAE International . When combined with another driver assist feature such as lane centering , the vehicle is considered a Level 2 autonomous car. Adaptive cruise control does not provide full autonomy: the system only provides some help to the driver, but does not drive the car by itself. For example, the driver is able to set the cruise control to 55mph, if

198-473: A camera setup allowing the vehicle to brake when it detects the car is approaching another vehicle ahead, then accelerate when traffic allows it to. ACC technology is regarded as a key component of future generations of intelligent cars . The technology enhances passenger safety and convenience as well as increasing road capacity by maintaining optimal separation between vehicles and reducing driver errors. Vehicles with autonomous cruise control are considered

264-451: A "good" rating): Intelligent transport systems (ITS) highly resemble ADAS, but experts believe that ITS goes beyond automatic traffic to include any enterprise that safely transports humans. ITS is where the transportation technology is integrated with a city’s infrastructure. This would then lead to a “smart city”. These systems promote active safety by increasing the efficiency of roads, possibly by adding 22.5% capacity on average, not

330-534: A 12.3-inch infotainment display that runs on the latest FOTA cloud intelligence upgrade enabled Geely Galaxy OS shared with the Xingyue L . The Geely Galaxy OS runs on eCarX's E02 eight-core system-on-a-chip (SoC) and features an AI-based voice control system with multiple occupant support, three-finger flying screen gesture control, over-the-air firmware updates, smartphone remote control support, and an eight-speaker sound system tuned by DTS. A plug-in hybrid variant called

396-442: A 6-speed manual transmission or a 6-speed DCT gearbox. The Emgrand GL received another facelift in 2020 slightly updating the front fascia and rear end designs. The engine is a 1.4-litre turbo engine and a 1.5-litre turbo engine producing 141 hp (105 kW; 143 PS) and 177 hp (132 kW; 179 PS) respectively. Transmission is a 6-speed manual transmission or a CVT, and an additional 7-speed DCT gearbox option for

462-400: A car crash occurs. This, in turn, will invigorate the claims administration and their operations. Fraud reduction will also disable any fraudulent staging of car crashes by recording the car's monitoring of every minute on the road. ADAS are expected to streamline the insurance industry and its economic efficiency with capable technology to fight off fraudulent human behavior. In September 2016,

528-489: A collision is likely. Names for ADAS features are not standardized. For instance, adaptive cruise control is called Adaptive Cruise Control by Fiat, Ford, GM, VW, Volvo and Peugeot, but Intelligent Cruise Control by Nissan, Active Cruise Control by Citroen and BMW, and DISTRONIC by Mercedes. To help with standardization, SAE International has endorsed a series of recommendations for generic ADAS terminology for car manufacturers, that it created with Consumer Reports ,

594-586: A completely redesigned front and rear end featuring Geely's updated Energy Storm design language previewed by the Vision Starburst concept. In terms of powertrain, the Geely Emgrand L is equipped with an upgraded version of the 1.4-litre turbocharged engine carried over from the Emgrand GL with 141 hp (105 kW; 143 PS) and a maximum torque of 235 N⋅m (173 lb⋅ft; 24 kg⋅m) and matched with an 8-speed CVT gearbox. The Emgrand L features

660-449: A facelift for the 2018 model year. The updated model continues to use the 1.8-litre naturally aspirated engine, while replacing the 1.3-litre turbo engine with a 1.4-litre turbo engine. Both engines produces 133 hp (99 kW; 135 PS) with 170 N⋅m (125 lb⋅ft; 17 kg⋅m) of torque for the 1.8-litre engine and 215 N⋅m (159 lb⋅ft; 22 kg⋅m) of torque for the 1.4 litre turbo engine. Transmission options include

726-536: A lane change up to five seconds before it occurs. Adaptive cruise control is regulated by European norm ISO 15622 Intelligent transport systems—Adaptive cruise control systems—Performance requirements and test procedures. According to this standard, an ACC is partial automation of longitudinal vehicle control to reduce the workload of the driver on roads where non-motorized vehicles and pedestrians are prohibited. It does not deal with stationary objects. According to this standard, ACC includes two classes of systems:

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792-423: A mechanical alignment is performed. The reliance on data that describes the outside environment of the vehicle, compared to internal data, differentiates ADAS from driver-assistance systems (DAS). ADAS rely on inputs from multiple data sources, including automotive imaging, LiDAR , radar , image processing , computer vision , and in-car networking. Additional inputs are possible from other sources separate from

858-457: A radio wave at a frequency of either 24GHz or 77GHz. As these signals are emitted, the car computes how long it takes for the signal to return, thus finding out how far away a vehicle may be in front of it. Due to the widely distributed beam, radar ACC systems allow for a much wider field of view while still being able to provide accurate measurements of 160+ meters (Roughly 525 feet). These radar systems can be hidden behind plastic fascias; however,

924-460: A report by Market Research Future, the market is expected to hit over $ 65 billion by 2027. AV insurance and rising competition are expected to fuel that growth. Auto insurance for ADAS has directly affected the global economy, and many questions have arisen within the general public. ADAS allow autonomous vehicles to enable self-driving features, but there are associated risks with ADAS. AV companies and manufacturers are recommended to have insurance in

990-404: A vehicle that crossed before the signal changed. Predictive systems modify vehicle speed based on predictions of other vehicles' behavior. Such systems can make earlier, more moderate adjustments to the predicted behavior, improving safety and passenger comfort. One example is to predict the likelihood of a vehicle in a neighboring lane moving in front of the controlled vehicle. One system predicts

1056-576: A year (July 1, 2021 through May 15, 2022), the NHTSA released the initial set of data in June 2022 and stated they plan to update the data on a monthly basis. The data are subject to several caveats and limitations; for instance, manufacturers are not required to report the number of vehicles that have been built and equipped with ADS/ADAS, the number of vehicles operating with ADS/ADAS, or the total distance traveled with ADS/ADAS active, which would be helpful to normalize

1122-569: Is 421 kilometres (262 mi). The car is front wheel drive and has a weighs of 1,535 kilograms (3,384 lb). In 2022 Geely announced the launch of the Maple 60S, Geely's first battery swap enabled electric sedan, produced in association with Lifan and based on the Geely Emgrand GL. The Emgrand L launched in December 2021 as an extensive facelift of the Emgrand GL it replaces. The Emgrand L features

1188-404: Is a 3-speed DHT gearbox. The combined range with a full tank and battery is 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) with the fuel consumption being 3.8 litres per 100 kilometres (26.3 km/L; 74.3 mpg ‑imp ; 61.9 mpg ‑US ). In 2024, Geely launched the facelifted Emgrand L Hi·P marketed as Long Teng Edition. Adaptive cruise control Adaptive cruise control ( ACC )

1254-420: Is a type of advanced driver-assistance system for road vehicles that automatically adjusts the vehicle speed to maintain a safe distance from vehicles ahead. As of 2019, it is also called by 20 unique names that describe that basic functionality. This is also known as Dynamic cruise control. Control is based on sensor information from on-board sensors . Such systems may use a radar , laser sensor or

1320-520: Is equipped with a 1.5-litre 4-cylinder BHE15-EFZ petrol engine with 181 hp (135 kW; 184 PS) and 290 N⋅m (214 lb⋅ft; 30 kg⋅m), shared with the Geely Binyue/Coolray. The electric motor produces 136 hp (101 kW; 138 PS) and 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft; 33 kg⋅m), resulting in a combined power output of 317 hp (236 kW; 321 PS) and 610 N⋅m (450 lb⋅ft; 62 kg⋅m). The transmission

1386-598: Is letting artificial intelligence learn human ethics while being bound by the system established in phase one. Lastly, the system should provide constant feedback that is understandable by humans. In October 2023, Consumer Reports rated 17 "active driving assistance systems". Their criteria were: Their ratings were: In March 2024, the American Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) reported its first "partial automation safeguard ratings". Their criteria were: The ratings were (no system received

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1452-420: Is level 1 can take control over one functionality and level 2 can take control over multiple to aid the driver. ADAS that are considered level 1 are: adaptive cruise control, emergency brake assist, automatic emergency brake assist, lane-keeping, and lane centering. ADAS that are considered level 2 are: highway assist, autonomous obstacle avoidance, and autonomous parking. From level 3 to 5, the amount of control

1518-667: Is marketed as the Livan S6 Pro in Russia since October 2023, adopting a redesigned front bumper design. The fully electric version called Emgrand EV Pro debuts in China in December 2020; it has a 52.7 kWh lithium-ion battery positioned in the central section of the frame and is combined with an electric motor produced by Nidec in the front position that delivers 150 kW (201 hp; 204 PS) and 240 N⋅m (177 lb⋅ft; 24 kg⋅m) of maximum torque. The homologated autonomy (NEDC cycle)

1584-541: Is not a comprehensive list of all of the ADAS. Instead, it provides information on critical examples of ADAS that have progressed and become more commonly available since 2015. Ford and General Motors provide "hands-off, eyes-on" systems such as Blue Cruise and Super Cruise in North America. These systems allow drivers to take their hands off the steering wheel while the system is engaged. However, drivers must keep their eyes on

1650-465: Is one of the more problematic aspects of driver-assistance systems; and it’s one that is likely to be felt more keenly as systems become increasingly commonplace in years to come, particularly if traffic laws change to allow 'hands-off' driving in the future. ADAS might have many limitations, for instance a pre-collision system might have 12 pages to explain 23 exceptions where ADAS may operate when not needed and 30 exceptions where ADAS may not operate when

1716-527: Is realistic but not ethical; feeding such data to the computer cannot guarantee that the computer captures the ideal behavior. Furthermore, the data fed to an artificial intelligence must be carefully selected to avoid producing undesired outcomes. Another notable method is a three-phase approach proposed by Noah J. Goodall. This approach first necessitates a system established with the agreement of car manufacturers, transportation engineers, lawyers, and ethicists, and should be set transparently. The second phase

1782-539: The American Automobile Association , J.D. Power , and the National Safety Council . Buttons and dashboard symbols change from car to car due to lack of standardization. ADAS behavior might change from car to car, for instance ACC speed might be temporarily overridden in most cars, while some switch to standby after one minute. The AV industry is growing exponentially, and according to

1848-483: The Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W221) the first car to receive the upgraded system. Distronic Plus could now completely halt the car if necessary on most sedans. In an episode of Top Gear , Jeremy Clarkson demonstrated the effectiveness of the system by coming to a complete halt from motorway speeds to a round-about and getting out, without touching the pedals. In 2016, Mercedes introduced Active Brake Assist 4,

1914-628: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), the branch of the United States Department of Transportation responsible for federal motor vehicle regulations, issued Standing General Order 2021-01 (SGO 2021-01), which required manufacturers of ADAS (Levels 1 or 2) and Automated Driving Systems (ADS) (Levels 3 through 5) to promptly report crashes that occurred when driver-assistance or automation systems were in use. SGO 2021-01 subsequently

1980-527: The 1.5-litre turbo engine. Additional features are a 10.25 inch screen for the center console, the GKUI19 infotainment system with the integration of up to 5 personal devices connecting to hot spot at the same time, a 7-inch digital cluster, CN95 high efficiency air filter, intelligence cruise control , intelligent navigation, lane-keeping assist, AEB-P collision prevention system , speed limit recognition, and intelligent automatic high low beam control. The vehicle

2046-566: The 130 crashes, 108 had no associated injuries reported; there was only one serious injury associated with the remaining crashes. The most commonly-reported damage location was the rear of the ADS-equipped vehicle. Similarly, ADAS (Level 2) from 12 different manufacturers were involved in 367 crashes over the same period; 392 crashes were reported in total, but 25 either occurred before July 2021 or had no associated date. Reported incidents were led by Tesla (273), Honda (90), and Subaru (10). Of

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2112-409: The 1970s with the adoption of the anti-lock braking system. Early ADAS include electronic stability control, anti-lock brakes, blind spot information systems, lane departure warning, adaptive cruise control, and traction control. These systems can be affected by mechanical alignment adjustments or damage from a collision. This has led many manufacturers to require automatic resets for these systems after

2178-553: The 2010 Volkswagen Touareg , or one central long range radar coupled with two short radar sensors placed on the corners of the vehicle like the BMW 5 and 6 series. A more recent development is the binocular computer vision system, such as that introduced to the US market in model year 2013 by Subaru . These systems have front-facing video cameras mounted on either side of the rearview mirror and use digital processing to extract depth information from

2244-552: The 392 crashes, 98 included injury reporting; of the 98, 46 had no injuries reported, 5 resulted in serious injuries and 6 resulted in fatalities. The most commonly-reported damage location was the front of the ADAS-equipped vehicle. According to PACTS, lack of full standardization might make the system have difficulty being understandable by the driver who might believe that the car behaves like another car while it does not. We can't help feeling that this lack of standardisation

2310-660: The Emgrand L Hi·X (Emgrand L Leishen Hi·X) was launched in April 2022. The Emgrand L Hi·X is the first vehicle to be equipped with the Leishen intelligent engine system including a 1.5-litre TD engine mated with the 3-speed DHT Pro gearbox. The official maximum range is 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) and 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) acceleration takes 6.9 seconds. Fuel consumption is 3.8 L/100 km (26.3 km/L; 74.3 mpg ‑imp ; 61.9 mpg ‑US ). Emgrand L Hi-P hybrid

2376-515: The FSRA (full speed range) and the LSRA (limited speed range). The three main categories of ACC are: Motor Authority Review Active Cruise Control disengages below 15 mph (24 km/h) Range Rover (L322) (2010–2012) Later models (~2010-) can add full speed range by (unofficial) software upgrade. Discovery 3 and 4 can retrofit L320 system with custom mounting hardware Starting in 2008 ACC

2442-613: The NHTSA published the Federal Automated Vehicles Policy, which describes the U.S. Department of Transportation's policies related to highly automated vehicles (HAV) which range from vehicles with ADAS features to autonomous vehicles . In March 2014, the US Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) announced that it will require all new vehicles under 10,000 pounds (4,500 kg) to have rear view cameras by May 2018. The rule

2508-632: The actual count. ADAS have aided in this increase in active safety, according to a study in 2008. ITS systems use a wide system of communication technology, including wireless technology and traditional technology, to enhance productivity. Driver control assistance systems (DCAS) is the name of a draft ADAS regulation. It would allow hands-free driving with a possible risk of lack of attentiveness. Such DCAS regulation would allow system such as Tesla FSD in Europe. The UNECE driver control assistance systems regulation plan that DCAS shall be designed to ensure that

2574-414: The age of the trolleys. The trolley problem is one of the most well-known ethical issues. Introduced by English philosopher Philippa Foot in 1967, the trolley problem asks that under a situation which the trolley's brake does not work, and there are five people ahead of the trolley, the driver may go straight, killing the five persons ahead, or turn to the side track killing the one pedestrian, what should

2640-452: The artificial intelligence approach allows computers to learn human ethics by feeding them data regarding human actions. Such a method is useful when the rules cannot be articulated because the computer can learn and identify the ethical elements on its own without precisely programming whether an action is ethical. However, there are limitations to this approach. For example, many human actions are done out of self-preservation instincts, which

2706-423: The car and can only provide information for the driver to interpret on their own. Some ADAS that are considered level 0 are: parking sensors, surround-view, traffic sign recognition, lane departure warning, night vision, blind spot information system, rear-cross traffic alert, and forward-collision warning. Level 1 and 2 are very similar in that they both have the driver do most of the decision making. The difference

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2772-468: The car while traveling that speed catches up to another vehicle going only 45mph, the ACC will cause the car to automatically brake and maintain a safe distance behind the vehicle in front, and will maintain that distance until the road opens up again and the car can safely return to the initially set speed of 55mph. Given the fact that ACC is considered a key component of future generations of intelligent cars, and

2838-431: The driver and/or provides brake support if there is a high risk of a collision. Also in certain cars, it is incorporated with a lane maintaining system which provides a power steering assist to reduce steering input burden on corners when the cruise control system is activated. Systems with multiple sensors can practice sensor fusion to integrate the data to improve safety and/or driving experience. GPS data can inform

2904-400: The driver do? Before the development of autonomous vehicles, the trolley problem remains an ethical dilemma between utilitarianism and deontological ethics. However, as the advancement in ADAS proceeds, the trolley problem becomes an issue that needs to be addressed by the programming of self-driving cars. The crashes that autonomous vehicles might face could be very similar to those depicted in

2970-439: The driver to problems, implementing safeguards, and taking control of the vehicle if necessary. ADAS may provide adaptive cruise control , assist in avoiding collisions , alert drivers to possible obstacles, warn of lane departure , assist in lane centering , incorporate satellite navigation , provide traffic warnings, provide navigational assistance through smartphones, automate lighting, or provide other features. According to

3036-444: The fact that fog, or water particles in the air may absorb and or redirect the light emitted from the laser, through absorption, scattering, and reflection. Laser based ACC systems also have a more difficult time tracking dirty (and therefore non-reflective) vehicles. Laser-based sensors must be exposed, the sensor (a fairly large black box) is typically found in the lower grille, offset to one side. Radar-based sensors work by emitting

3102-482: The fact that it can increase comfort and safety on longer drives, ACC systems cost anywhere between $ 500 to $ 2500, depending on the type of ACC, as well as the model of the car. Laser -based systems work using LIDAR (Light detection and ranging), allowing laser-based ACC to provide the largest detection distance as well as the best accuracy of all ACC systems. However, laser-based systems do not detect and track vehicles as reliably in adverse weather conditions due to

3168-403: The fascias may look different from a vehicle without the feature. For example, Mercedes-Benz packages the radar behind the upper grille in the center and behind a solid plastic panel that has painted slats to simulate the look of the rest of the grille. Single radar systems are the most common. Systems involving multiple sensors use either two similar hardware sensors like the 2010 Audi A8 or

3234-487: The first emergency braking assistant with pedestrian recognition. One crash caused by Distronic Plus dates to 2005, when German news magazine " Stern " was testing Mercedes' original Distronic system. During the test, the system did not always manage to brake in time. Ulrich Mellinghoff, then Head of Safety, NVH, and Testing at the Mercedes-Benz Technology Centre, stated that some tests failed because

3300-488: The following areas in order to avoid any serious litigations. Depending on the level, ranging from 0 to 5, each car manufacturer would find it in its best interest to find the right combination of different insurances to best match their products. Note that this list is not exhaustive and may be constantly updated with more types of insurances and risks in the years to come. With the technology embedded in autonomous vehicles, these self-driving cars are able to distribute data if

3366-409: The incident report data. According to the initial data covering July 2021 to May 15, 2022, ADS (Levels 3–5) from 25 different manufacturers were involved in 130 crashes, led by Waymo LLC (62), Transdev Alternative Services (34), Cruise LLC (23), General Motors (16), and Argo AI (10); because multiple manufacturers can report the same crash, the sum exceeds the total number of reportable incidents. Of

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3432-444: The incoming information to prevent crashes. The systems use preemptive priority scheduling to organize which task needs to be done first. The incorrect assignment of these priorities is what can cause more harm than good. ADAS are categorized into different levels based on the amount of automation, and the scale provided by The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). ADAS can be divided into six levels. In level 0, ADAS cannot control

3498-592: The national crash database in the USA, Forward Collision Prevention systems have the potential to reduce crashes by 29%. Similarly, Lane Keeping Assistance is shown to offer a reduction potential of 19%, while Blind Zone Detection could decrease crash incidents by 9%. According to a 2021 research report from Canalys, approximately 33 percent of new vehicles sold in the United States, Europe, Japan, and China had ADAS. The firm also predicted that fifty percent of all automobiles on

3564-424: The parallax between the two cameras' views. Due to the fact that there are video cameras, this type of ACC is able to reliably determine shape and classification of objects in front of the vehicle, and are also able to specifically detect when a vehicle in front is braking. As of now, this type of ACC is more widely used for lane centering. Radar-based ACC is often sold together with a precrash system , which warns

3630-452: The primary vehicle platform, including other vehicles ( vehicle-to-vehicle or V2V communication ) and infrastructure ( vehicle-to-infrastructure or V2I communication ).  Modern cars have ADAS integrated into their electronics; manufacturers can add these new features during the design process or after production via over-the-air (OTA) updates . ADAS are considered real-time systems since they react quickly to multiple inputs and prioritize

3696-553: The road and be ready to take immediate action at all times. In Europe, in Q2 2018, 3% of sold passenger cars had level 2 autonomy driving features. In Europe, in Q2 2019, 325,000 passenger cars are sold with level 2 autonomy driving features, that is 8% of all new cars sold. According to a 2021 research report from Canalys, approximately 33 percent of new vehicles sold in the United States, Europe, Japan, and China had ADAS features. The firm also predicted that fifty percent of all automobiles on

3762-529: The road by the year 2030 would be ADAS-enabled. Major car brands with Level 2 features include Audi , BMW , Mercedes-Benz , Tesla , Volvo , Citroën , Ford , Hyundai , Kia , Mazda , Nissan , Peugeot and Subaru . Full Level 2 features are included with Full Self-Driving from Tesla, Pilot Assist from Volvo, OpenPilot from Comma.ai and ProPILOT Assist from Nissan. Level 3 features are included in Drive Pilot from Mercedes-Benz. On June 29, 2021,

3828-405: The road by the year 2030 would be ADAS-enabled. Some groups advocate standardization of the name, such as Forward Collision Warning and Automatic Emergency Braking rather than Forward Collision Alert or Smart City Brake Support. Such standardization is promoted by AAA , Consumer Reports , J.D. Power , National Safety Council , PAVE , and SAE International . ADAS were first being used in

3894-611: The safe operation of a vehicle. Through a human-machine interface , ADAS increase car and road safety. ADAS use automated technology, such as sensors and cameras, to detect nearby obstacles or driver errors, and respond accordingly. ADAS can enable various levels of autonomous driving . As most road crashes occur due to human error , ADAS are developed to automate, adapt, and enhance vehicle technology for safety and better driving. ADAS are proven to reduce road fatalities by minimizing human error. Safety features are designed to avoid crashes and collisions by offering technologies that alert

3960-419: The system of geographic features such as a freeway offramp. A camera system could notice driver behavior such as brake lights and/or a turn signal. This could allow the following car to interpret a turn signal by an exit as not requiring the following car to slow down, as the leading car will exit. Multi-sensor systems could also take note of traffic signs/signals and not, e.g., violate a red light while following

4026-410: The trolley problem. Although ADAS make vehicles generally safer than only human-driven cars, crashes are unavoidable. This raises questions such as “whose lives should be prioritized in the event of an inevitable crash?” Or “What should be the universal principle for these ‘crash-algorithms’?” Many researchers have been working on ways to address the ethical concerns associated with ADAS. For instance,

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4092-530: The vehicle has increases; level 5 being where the vehicle is fully autonomous. Some of these systems have not yet been fully embedded in commercial vehicles. For instance, highway chauffeur is a Level 3 system, and automated valet parking is a level 4 system, both of which are not in full commercial use in 2019. The levels can be roughly understood as Level 0 - no automation; Level 1 - hands on/shared control; Level 2 - hands off; Level 3 - eyes off; Level 4 - mind off, and Level 5 - steering wheel optional. This list

4158-532: The vehicle was tested in a metallic hall, which caused problems with radar. Later iterations received an upgraded radar and other sensors, which are not disrupted by a metallic environment. In 2008, Mercedes conducted a study comparing the crash rates of Distronic Plus vehicles and vehicles without it, and concluded that those equipped with Distronic Plus have an around 20% lower crash rate. Advanced driver-assistance systems Advanced driver-assistance systems ( ADAS ) are technologies that assist drivers with

4224-439: Was amended on August 5, 2021. Under the amended SGO 2021-01, a crash involving ADS or Level 2 ADAS is reportable to the NHTSA if it meets the following criteria: A severe crash is one that results in one or more of the following: The incident report to the NHTSA must be made according to the following schedule: SGO 2021-01 is in effect for three years, starting on June 29, 2021. After gathering data for almost

4290-472: Was available as an option on V40, S60, V60, XC60, V70, XC70 and S80 In 1999, Mercedes introduced Distronic, the first radar -assisted adaptive system, on the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W220) and the CL-Class . Distronic adjusts the vehicle speed automatically to the car in front in order to always maintain a safe distance to other cars on the road. In 2005, Mercedes refined the system ("Distronic Plus") making

4356-520: Was required by Congress as part of the Cameron Gulbransen Kids Transportation Safety Act of 2007. The Act is named after two-year-old Cameron Gulbransen. Cameron's father backed up his SUV over him, when he did not see the toddler in the family's driveway The advancement of autonomous driving is accompanied by ethical concerns. The earliest moral issue associated with autonomous driving can be dated back to as early as

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