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79-530: DisplayPort ( DP ) is a proprietary digital display interface developed by a consortium of PC and chip manufacturers and standardized by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA). It is primarily used to connect a video source to a display device such as a computer monitor . It can also carry audio , USB , and other forms of data. DisplayPort was designed to replace VGA , FPD-Link , and Digital Visual Interface (DVI). It

158-461: A clock signal with each output, its protocol is based on small data packets known as micro packets , which can embed the clock signal in the data stream, allowing higher resolution using fewer pins. The use of data packets also makes it extensible, meaning more features can be added over time without significant changes to the physical interface. DisplayPort is able to transmit audio and video simultaneously, although each can be transmitted without

237-499: A differential signal that is not compatible with DVI or HDMI. However, dual-mode DisplayPort ports are designed to transmit a single-link DVI or HDMI protocol ( TMDS ) across the interface through the use of an external passive adapter, enabling compatibility mode and converting the signal from 3.3 to 5 volts. For analog VGA / YPbPr and dual-link DVI , a powered active adapter is required for compatibility and does not rely on dual mode. Active VGA adapters are powered directly by

316-402: A "full-size" connector or a "mini" connector. These connectors differ only in physical shape—the capabilities of DisplayPort are the same regardless of which connector is used. Using a Mini DisplayPort connector does not affect performance or feature support of the connection. The standard DisplayPort connector (now referred to as a "full-size" connector to distinguish it from the mini connector)

395-469: A 5K display ( 5120 × 2880 ) at 60   Hz with 30   bit/px RGB color, or an 8K UHD display ( 7680 × 4320 ) at 30   Hz with 24   bit/px RGB color. Using Multi-Stream Transport (MST), a DisplayPort port can drive two 4K UHD ( 3840 × 2160 ) displays at 60   Hz, or up to four WQXGA ( 2560 × 1600 ) displays at 60   Hz with 24   bit/px RGB color. The new standard includes mandatory Dual-mode for DVI and HDMI adapters, implementing

474-402: A component breakout cable and an S-Video cable. The Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video interface standard designed to maximize the visual quality of digital display devices such as flat panel LCD computer displays and digital projectors. It is designed for carrying uncompressed digital video data to a display. There are four basic connectors: The connector also includes provision for

553-754: A computer and its display monitor, or a computer and a home-theater system. The video signal is not compatible with DVI or HDMI , but a DisplayPort connector can pass these signals through. DisplayPort is a competitor to the HDMI connector, the de facto digital connection for high-definition consumer electronics devices. Audio connectors are used for audio frequencies. They can be analog or digital . Single-wire connectors used frequently for analog audio include: Multi-conductor connectors: Digital audio interfaces and interconnects: A phone connector (tip, ring, sleeve) also called an audio jack, phone plug, jack plug, stereo plug, mini-jack, or mini-stereo. This includes

632-464: A connection is made, through a process called Link Training . This process determines the maximum possible speed of the connection. If the quality of the DisplayPort cable is insufficient to reliably handle HBR2 speeds for example, the DisplayPort devices will detect this and switch down to a lower mode to maintain a stable connection. The link can be re-negotiated at any time if a loss of synchronization

711-447: A cyan that lies outside the basic gamut of the primaries can be encoded as "green plus blue minus red". Since the 16-255 Y range is used (255 value is reserved in HDMI standard for synchronization but may be in files) and since the values of Cb and Cr are only little restricted, a lot of high saturated colors outside the 0–255 RGB space can be encoded. For example, if YCbCr is 255, 128, 128, in

790-468: A dedicated set of twisted-pair wires. DisplayPort   1.0 specified Manchester encoding with a 2   MBd signal rate (1   Mbit/s data rate). Version 1.2 of the DisplayPort standard introduced a second transmission mode called FAUX (Fast AUX), which operated at 720   Mbit/s with 8b/10b encoding (576   Mbit/s data rate), but it was deprecated in version 1.3. All DisplayPort cables are compatible with all DisplayPort devices, regardless of

869-537: A family of multi-pin electrical connectors used in a variety of applications. Mini-DIN is similar to the larger, older DIN connector . Both are standards of the Deutsches Institut für Normung, the German standards body. D-subminiature or D-sub is a common type of electrical connector used particularly in computers. Calling them "sub-miniature" was appropriate when they were first introduced, but today they are among

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948-403: A larger color space using xvYCC. On May 30, 2013, Eye IO announced that their encoding technology was licensed by Sony Pictures Entertainment to deliver 4K Ultra HD video with their "Sony 4K Video Unlimited Service". Eye IO encodes their video assets at 3840 x 2160 and includes support for the xvYCC color space. The following graphics hardware support xvYCC color space when connected to

1027-429: A press release on 3 January 2018, "VESA is also currently engaged with its members in the development of the next DisplayPort standard generation, with plans to increase the data rate enabled by DisplayPort by two-fold and beyond. VESA plans to publish this update within the next 18 months." At CES 2019, VESA announced that the new version would support 8K @ 60   Hz without compression and was expected to be released in

1106-544: A projector or monitor cannot handle a newer codec). XvYCC xvYCC or extended-gamut YCbCr is a color space that can be used in the video electronics of television sets to support a gamut 1.8 times as large as that of the sRGB color space . xvYCC was proposed by Sony , specified by the IEC in October 2005 and published in January 2006 as IEC 61966-2-4 . xvYCC extends

1185-565: A result, the rate at which data can be transmitted is only 80% of the physical bitrate. The transmission speeds are also sometimes expressed in terms of the "Link Symbol Rate", which is the rate at which these 8b/10b-encoded symbols are transmitted (i.e. the rate at which groups of 10 bits are transmitted, 8 of which represent data). The following transmission modes are defined in version 1.0–1.4a: DisplayPort 2.0 uses 128b/132b encoding; each group of 132 transmitted bits represents 128 bits of data. This scheme has an efficiency of 96. 96 %. In addition,

1264-645: A roadmap published by VESA in September 2016, a new version of DisplayPort was intended to be launched in "early 2017". It would have improved the link rate from 8.1 to 10.0   Gbit/s, a 23% increase. This would have increased the total bandwidth from 32.4   Gbit/s to 40.0   Gbit/s. However, no new version was released in 2017, likely delayed to make further improvements after the HDMI Forum announced in January 2017 that their next standard (HDMI   2.1) would offer up to 48   Gbit/s of bandwidth. According to

1343-417: A second data link for high resolution displays, though many devices do not implement this. In those that do, the connector is sometimes referred to as DVI-DL (dual link). So we need to know two things about the connector: For computers: There are exceptions to the above: Older sound cards had no common standard color codes until after PC 99 . The PC System Design Guide (also known as

1422-461: A small amount of overhead is added for the link layer control packet and other miscellaneous operations, resulting in an overall efficiency of ≈96.7%. The following transmission modes are added in DP 2.0: The total bandwidth of the main link in a standard 4-lane connection is the aggregate of all lanes: The transmission mode used by the DisplayPort main link is negotiated by the source and sink device when

1501-444: Is backward compatible with other interfaces, such as DVI and High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), through the use of either active or passive adapters. It is the first display interface to rely on packetized data transmission , a form of digital communication found in technologies such as Ethernet , USB, and PCI Express . It permits the use of internal and external display connections. Unlike legacy standards that transmit

1580-638: Is a graphics card port which enables some video cards to have bidirectional (input and output) video transfer through a Mini-DIN , usually of the 9-pin variety, and a specialised splitter cable (which can sometimes also transfer sound). VIVO is found predominantly on high-end ATI video cards, although a few high-end NVIDIA video cards also have this port. VIVO on these graphics cards typically supports Composite , S-Video , and Component as outputs, and composite and S-Video as inputs. Many other video cards only support component and/or S-Video outputs to complement Video Graphics Array or DVI , typically using

1659-686: Is a standardized optical fiber connection system. XLR connector plugs and sockets are used mostly in professional audio and video electronics cabling applications. XLR connector are also known as Cannon plugs after their original manufacturer. They are used for analog or digital balanced audio with a balanced line Digital audio interfaces and interconnects with the AES/EBU interface also normally use an XLR connector. RCA connectors , also known as phono connectors or phono plugs , are used for analog or digital audio or analog video. These were first used inside pre–World War II radio-phonographs to connect

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1738-483: Is able to host several signals on the same wire, with the data delivered and shown on the destination set. It is also fully bi-directional, with its full bandwidth used in one direction or the other, or split directions up to its maximum. DisplayPort is a digital display interface standard (approved May 2006, current version 1.4 published on March 1, 2016). It defines a new license-free, royalty-free, digital audio/video interconnect, intended to be used primarily between

1817-445: Is always Limited Range. Camera and display technology is evolving with more distinct primaries, spaced farther apart per the CIE chromaticity diagram. Displays with more separated primaries permit a larger gamut of displayable colors, however, color data needs to be available to make use of the larger gamut color space. xvYCC is an extended gamut color space that is backwards compatible with

1896-572: Is as specified in Nvidia docs. A mechanism for signaling xvYCC support and transmitting the gamut boundary definition for xvYCC has been defined in the HDMI 1.3 Specification. No new mechanism is required for transmitting the xvYCC data itself, as it is compatible with HDMI's existing YCbCr formats, but the display needs to signal its readiness to accept the extra-gamut xvYCC values (in Colorimetry block of EDID , flags xvYCC 709 and xvYCC 601 ), and

1975-486: Is available from all DisplayPort receptacles, on both source and display devices. DP_PWR is intended to provide power for adapters, amplified cables, and similar devices, so that a separate power cable is not necessary. Standard DisplayPort cable connections do not use the DP_PWR pin. Connecting the DP_PWR pins of two devices directly together through a cable can create a short circuit which can potentially damage devices, since

2054-485: Is detected. Audio data is transmitted across the main link during the video blanking intervals (short pauses between each line and frame of video data). The DisplayPort AUX channel is a half-duplex (bidirectional) data channel used for miscellaneous additional data beyond video and audio, such as EDID ( IC ) or CEC commands. This bidirectional data channel is required, since the video lane signals are unidirectional from source to display. AUX signals are transmitted across

2133-598: Is encapsulated (for example for synchronization or error-correction ). Application layer details define the actual audio or video format being transmitted, often incorporating codecs not specific to the interface, such as PCM , MPEG-2 , or the DTS Coherent Acoustics codec . In some cases, the application layer is left open; for example, HDMI contains an Ethernet channel for general data transmission. Some types of connectors are used by multiple hardware interfaces; for example, RCA connectors are used both by

2212-557: Is encouraging displays to use tethered cables for these speeds, rather than releasing standalone cables onto the market. It should also be noted that the use of Display Stream Compression (DSC), introduced in DisplayPort   1.4, greatly reduces the bandwidth requirements for the cable. Formats which would normally be beyond the limits of DisplayPort   1.4, such as 4K (3840 ×  2160) at 144   Hz 8   bpc RGB/Y′C B C R 4:4:4 (31.4   Gbit/s data rate when uncompressed), can only be implemented by using DSC. This would reduce

2291-563: Is much smaller and designed for laptop computers and other small devices, is compatible with the new standard. DisplayPort version 1.2a was released in January 2013 and may optionally include VESA's Adaptive Sync . AMD's FreeSync uses the DisplayPort Adaptive-Sync feature for operation. FreeSync was first demonstrated at CES 2014 on a Toshiba Satellite laptop by making use of the Panel-Self-Refresh (PSR) feature from

2370-519: Is not supported by DVD-Video but is supported by the high-definition recording format AVCHD and PlayStation 3 and Blu-ray. It is also supported by some cameras, like Sony HDR-CX405, that does actually tag the video as xvYCC with BT.709 inside Sony's XAVC . On January 7, 2013, Sony announced that it would release "Mastered in 4K" Blu-ray Disc titles which are sourced at 4K and encoded at 1080p . "Mastered in 4K" 1080p Blu-ray Disc titles can be played on existing Blu-ray Disc players and will support

2449-637: Is the first major update to the DisplayPort standard since March 2016, and provides up to a ≈3× improvement in data rate (from 25.92 to 77.37   Gbit/s) compared to the previous version of DisplayPort (1.4a), as well as new capabilities to address the future performance requirements of traditional displays. These include beyond 8K resolutions, higher refresh rates and high dynamic range (HDR) support at higher resolutions, improved support for multiple display configurations, as well as improved user experience with augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR) displays, including support for 4K-and-beyond VR resolutions. According to

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2528-451: Is used to reduce the bandwidth requirements to HBR2 levels, then an HBR2-rated cable will be sufficient. In version 2.1, VESA introduced the DP40 and DP80 cable certification tiers, which validate cables for UHBR10 and UHBR20 speeds respectively. DisplayPort 2.1a introduced DP54 cable certification for UHBR13.5 speed. The DisplayPort standard does not specify any maximum length for cables, though

2607-487: The HDMI   2.0 standard and HDCP   2.2 content protection. The Thunderbolt 3 connection standard was originally to include DisplayPort   1.3 capability, but the final release ended up with only version 1.2 for Intel® 6000 Series Thunderbolt™ 3 Controllers. Later Intel® 7000 Series Thunderbolt™3 Controllers would come to support DisplayPort   1.4 capability including HDR. The VESA's Adaptive Sync feature in DisplayPort version 1.3 remains an optional part of

2686-513: The Rec. 2020 color space, for HDMI interoperability, and extends the maximum number of inline audio channels to 32. DisplayPort version 1.4a was published in April 2018. VESA made no official press release for this version. It updated DisplayPort's Display Stream Compression implementation from DSC 1.2 to 1.2a. On 26 June 2019, VESA formally released the DisplayPort 2.0 standard. VESA stated that version 2.0

2765-456: The Thunderbolt 3 interface which implements up to 8 lanes of DisplayPort. In a standard DisplayPort connection, each lane has a dedicated set of twisted-pair wires, and transmits data across it using differential signaling . This is a self-clocking system, so no dedicated clock signal channel is necessary. Unlike DVI and HDMI, which vary their transmission speed to the exact rate required for

2844-571: The composite video and component video interfaces, but DVI is the only interface that uses the DVI connector. This means that in some cases not all components with physically compatible connectors will actually work together. Analog A/V connectors often use shielded cables to inhibit radio frequency interference (RFI) and noise . Several generic digital data connection standards are designed to carry audio/video data along with other data and power: Some digital connection standards were designed from

2923-508: The 21.6   Gbit/s bandwidth of HBR2 that was introduced with the DisplayPort 1.2 standard. The DisplayPort   1.2 standard defines only a single specification for High Bit Rate cable assemblies, which is used for both HBR and HBR2 speeds, although the DP cable certification process is governed by the DisplayPort PHY Compliance Test Standard (CTS) and not the DisplayPort standard itself. The DP8K certification

3002-595: The 769 colors in the Munsell Color Cascade (so called Michael Pointer's gamut) to the BT.709 space and to the xvYCC space. About 55% of the Munsell colors could be mapped to the sRGB gamut, but 100% of those colors map to within the xvYCC gamut. Deeper hues can be created – for example a deeper cyan by giving the opposing primary (red) a negative coefficient. The quantization range of the xvYCC 601 and xvYCC 709 colorimetry

3081-1042: The Cb/Cr channels for gamut-extension. xvYCC expands the chroma values to 1-254 (i.e. a raw value of -0.567–0.567) while keeping the luma (Y) value range at 16-235 (though Superwhite may be supported), the same as Rec. 709. First the OETF (Transfer Characteristics 11 per H.273 as originally specified by the first amendment to H.264 ) is expanded to allow negative R'G'B' inputs such that: V = { − 1.099 ( − L ) 0.45 + 0.099 L ≤ − 0.018 4.500 L − 0.018 < L < 0.018 1.099 L 0.45 − 0.099 L ≥ 0.018 {\displaystyle V={\begin{cases}-1.099(-L)^{0.45}+0.099&L\leq -0.018\\4.500L&-0.018<L<0.018\\1.099L^{0.45}-0.099&L\geq 0.018\end{cases}}} Here 1.099 number has

3160-603: The DP_PWR pin connected: Recently VESA has experienced quite a few complaints regarding troublesome DisplayPort operation that ended up being caused by improperly made DisplayPort cables. These "bad" DisplayPort cables are generally limited to non-DisplayPort certified cables, or off-brand cables. To further investigate this trend in the DisplayPort cable market, VESA purchased a number of non-certified, off-brand cables and found that an alarmingly high number of these were configured improperly and would likely not support all system configurations. None of these cables would have passed

3239-480: The DP_PWR pins on two devices are unlikely to have exactly the same voltage (especially with a ±10% tolerance). For this reason, the DisplayPort   1.1 and later standards specify that passive DisplayPort-to-DisplayPort cables must leave pin 20 unconnected. However, in 2013 VESA announced that after investigating reports of malfunctioning DisplayPort devices, it had discovered that a large number of non-certified vendors were manufacturing their DisplayPort cables with

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3318-407: The DisplayPort 1.2 standard does set a minimum requirement that all cables up to 2 meters in length must support HBR2 speeds (21.6   Gbit/s), and all cables of any length must support RBR speeds (6.48   Gbit/s). Cables longer than 2 meters may or may not support HBR/HBR2 speeds, and cables of any length may or may not support HBR3 speeds or above. DisplayPort cables and ports may have either

3397-410: The DisplayPort certification test, moreover some of these cables could potentially damage a PC, laptop, or monitor. Digital display interface Physical characteristics of the electrical or optical equipment include the types and numbers of wires required, voltages, frequencies, optical intensity, and the physical design of the connectors. Any data link layer details define how application data

3476-463: The DisplayPort connector, while active dual-link DVI adapters typically rely on an external power source such as USB. The first version, 1.0, was approved by VESA on 3 May 2006. Version 1.1 was ratified on 2 April 2007, and version 1.1a on 11 January 2008. DisplayPort 1.0–1.1a allow a maximum bandwidth of 10.8   Gbit/s (8.64   Gbit/s data rate) over a standard 4-lane main link. DisplayPort cables up to 2 meters in length are required to support

3555-472: The Embedded DisplayPort standard, and after a proposal from AMD, VESA later adapted the Panel-Self-Refresh feature for use in standalone displays and added it as an optional feature of the main DisplayPort standard under the name "Adaptive-Sync" in version 1.2a. As it is an optional feature, support for Adaptive-Sync is not required for a display to be DisplayPort 1.2a-compliant. DisplayPort version 1.3

3634-496: The HDMI 1.0 specification. Type C was defined by the HDMI 1.3 specification. Type A is electrically compatible with single link DVI-D. Type B is electrically compatible with dual link DVI-D but has not yet been used in any products. IEEE 1394 (branded "FireWire") is a digital data transfer protocol commonly used for digital cameras (common on MiniDV tape camcorders), but also used for computer data and audio data transfers. Unlike Point-to-Point connections listed above, IEEE 1394

3713-468: The ITU-R BT.709 tone curve by defining over-ranged values. xvYCC-encoded video retains the same color primaries and white point as BT.709 , and uses either a BT.601 or BT.709 RGB-to-YCC conversion matrix and encoding. This allows it to travel through existing digital limited range YCC data paths, and any colors within the normal gamut will be compatible. It works by allowing negative RGB inputs and expanding

3792-539: The PC ;97, PC 98, PC 99, or PC 2001 specification) is a series of hardware design requirements and recommendations for IBM PC compatible personal computers, compiled by Microsoft and Intel Corporation during 1997–2001. PC 99 introduced a color code for the various standard types of plugs and connectors used on PCs. The color codes for audio plugs follow: Newer connectors are identified by their shape and not their colour. For efficiency and simplicity,

3871-559: The USB-C connector via DP Alt Mode to allow for simultaneous SuperSpeed USB data and video, DP 2.0 can enable such configurations as: VESA announced version 2.1 of the DisplayPort standard on 17 October 2022. This version incorporates the new DP40 and DP80 cable certifications, which test DisplayPort cables for proper operation at the UHBR10 (40   Gbit/s) and UHBR20 (80   Gbit/s) speeds introduced in version 2.0. Additionally, it revises some of

3950-696: The USB4 link. VESA announced version 2.1a of the DisplayPort standard on 8 January 2024. This version replaces the DP40 cable certification with the new DP54 certification, which tests DisplayPort cables for proper operation at the UHBR13.5 (54   Gbit/s) speed introduced in version 2.0. The DisplayPort main link is used for transmission of video and audio. The main link consists of a number of unidirectional serial data channels which operate concurrently, called lanes . A standard DisplayPort connection has 4 lanes, though some applications of DisplayPort implement more, such as

4029-915: The VESA website. DisplayPort version 1.2 was introduced on 7 January 2010. The most significant improvement of this version is the doubling of the data rate to 17.28   Gbit/s in High Bit Rate 2 (HBR2) mode, which allows increased resolutions, higher refresh rates, and greater color depth, such as 3840 × 2160 at 60   Hz 10   bpc RGB. Other improvements include multiple independent video streams (daisy-chain connection with multiple monitors) called Multi-Stream Transport (MST), facilities for stereoscopic 3D , increased AUX channel bandwidth (from 1   Mbit/s to 720   Mbit/s), more color spaces including xvYCC , scRGB , and Adobe RGB 1998 , and Global Time Code (GTC) for sub 1   μs audio/video synchronisation. Also Apple Inc. 's Mini DisplayPort connector, which

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4108-400: The beginning to primarily carry audio and video signals simultaneously: Many analog connectors carry both: S/PDIF is an audio-only format carried over electrical coaxial cable (with RCA jacks ) or optical fibre ( TOSLINK ). Note that there are no differences in the signals transmitted over optical or coaxial S/PDIF connectors—both carry exactly the same information. Selection of one over

4187-418: The case of a full level YCbCr encoding (0–255), then the corresponding R'G'B' is 255, 255, 255 which is the maximum encodable luminance value in this color space. But if Y=255 and Cr and/or Cb are not 128, this codes for the maximum luminance but with an added color: one primary must necessarily be above 255 and cannot be converted to R'G'B'. Adapted software and hardware must be used during production to not clip

4266-579: The electrical requirements for DisplayPort devices in order to improve integration with USB4 . In VESA's words: DisplayPort 2.1 has tightened its alignment with the USB Type-C specification as well as the USB4 PHY specification to facilitate a common PHY servicing both DisplayPort and USB4. In addition, DisplayPort 2.1 has added a new DisplayPort bandwidth management feature to enable DisplayPort tunnelling to coexist with other I/O data traffic more efficiently over

4345-459: The existing BT.709 YCbCr broadcast signal by making use of otherwise unused data portions of the signal. The BT.709 YCbCr signal has unused code space, a limitation imposed for broadcasting purposes. In particular only 16-240 is used for the color Cb/Cr channels out of the 0-255 digital values available for 8 bit data encoding. xvYCC makes use of this portion of the signal to store extended gamut color data by using code values 1-15 and 241-254 in

4424-414: The first half of 2019. With the increased bandwidth enabled by DisplayPort 2.0, VESA offers a high degree of versatility and configurations for higher display resolutions and refresh rates. In addition to the above-mentioned 8K resolution at 60   Hz with HDR support, DP 2.0 (UHBR20) through USB-C as DisplayPort Alt Mode enables a variety of high-performance configurations: When using only two lanes on

4503-425: The full 10.8   Gbit/s bandwidth. DisplayPort 1.1 allows devices to implement alternative link layers such as fiber optic , allowing a much longer reach between source and display without signal degradation, although alternative implementations are not standardized. It also includes HDCP in addition to DisplayPort Content Protection (DPCP). The DisplayPort   1.1a standard can be downloaded free of charge from

4582-432: The full-size connector, it does not have an option for a mechanical latch. The mDP receptacle has dimensions of 7.50   mm (width) × 4.60   mm (height) × 4.99   mm (depth). The mDP pin assignments are the same as the full-size DisplayPort connector. Pin 20 on the DisplayPort connector, called DP_PWR, provides 3.3   V (±10%) DC power at up to 500   mA (minimum power delivery of 1.5   W). This power

4661-565: The highest levels of bandwidth. Cables may be submitted to VESA for an optional certification at various bandwidth levels. VESA offers five levels of cable certification: Standard, DP8K, DP40, DP54, and DP80. These certify DisplayPort cables for proper operation at the following speeds: In April 2013, VESA published an article stating that the DisplayPort cable certification did not have distinct tiers for HBR and HBR2 bandwidth, and that any certified standard DisplayPort cable—including those certified under DisplayPort   1.1—would be able to handle

4740-437: The largest common connectors used in computers. The DB25 is used for multi-track recording and other multi-channel audio, analog or digital ( ADAT interface (DB25)), and was the standard connector for IBM compatible PC printer connection before USB and other connections became popular. It offered 8 simultaneous data pathways to the printer. Video In Video Out , usually seen as the acronym VIVO (commonly pronounced vee-voh),

4819-734: The maximum resolution or refresh rate available. DisplayPort cables are not classified by "version". Although cables are commonly labeled with version numbers, with HBR2 cables advertised as "DisplayPort   1.2 cables" for example, this notation is not permitted by VESA. The use of version numbers with cables can falsely imply that a DisplayPort   1.4 display requires a "DisplayPort   1.4 cable", or that features introduced in version 1.4 such as HDR or DSC will not function with older "DP   1.2 cables". DisplayPort cables are classified only by their bandwidth certification level (RBR, HBR, HBR2, HBR3, etc.), if they have been certified at all. Not all DisplayPort cables are capable of functioning at

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4898-495: The original 6.35 mm (quarter inch) jack and the more recent 3.5 mm (miniature or 1/8 inch) and 2.5 mm (subminiature) jacks, both mono and stereo versions. There also exists 4.4 mm Pentaconn connectors . A DIN connector is a connector that was originally standardized by the Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN). Mini-DIN is a variation. The BNC connector is a very common type of RF connector used for terminating coaxial cable. TOSLINK or Optical Cable

4977-526: The other rests mainly on the availability of appropriate connectors on the chosen equipment and the preference and convenience of the user. Connections longer than 6 meters or so, or those requiring tight bends, should use coaxial cable, since the high light signal attenuation of TOSLINK cables limits its effective range. High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is a compact audio/video standard for transmitting uncompressed digital data. There are three HDMI connector types. Type A and Type B were defined by

5056-498: The other. The video signal path can range from six to sixteen bits per color channel , and the audio path can have up to eight channels of 24-bit, 192   kHz uncompressed PCM audio. A bidirectional, half-duplex auxiliary channel carries device management and device control data for the Main Link, such as VESA EDID , MCCS , and DPMS standards. The interface is also capable of carrying bidirectional USB signals. The interface uses

5135-571: The output chroma. These are used to encode more saturated colors by using a greater part of the RGB values that can be encoded in the YCbCr signal compared with those used in Broadcast Safe Level. The extra-gamut colors can then be displayed by a device whose underlying technology is not limited by the standard primaries. In a paper published by Society for Information Display in 2006, the authors mapped

5214-474: The physical bandwidth requirements by 2–3×, placing it well within the capabilities of an HBR2-rated cable. This exemplifies why DisplayPort cables are not classified by "version"; although DSC was introduced in version 1.4, this does not mean it needs a so-called "DP   1.4 cable" (an HBR3-rated cable) to function. HBR3 cables are only required for applications which exceed HBR2-level bandwidth, not simply any application involving DisplayPort   1.4. If DSC

5293-457: The same codec or signal convention is used by the storage medium. For example, VHS tapes can store a magnetic representation of an NTSC signal, and the specification for Blu-ray Discs incorporates PCM, MPEG-2, and DTS. Some playback devices can re-encode audio or video so that the format used for storage does not have to be the same as the format transmitted over the A/V interface (which is helpful if

5372-457: The source needs to signal the actual gamut in use in AVI InfoFrame and use gamut metadata packets to help the display to intelligently adapt extreme colors to its own gamut limitations. This should not be confused with HDMI 1.3's other new color feature, deep color . This is a separate feature that increases the precision of brightness and color information, and is independent of xvYCC. xvYCC

5451-424: The specific video format, DisplayPort only operates at a few specific speeds; any excess bits in the transmission are filled with "stuffing symbols". In DisplayPort versions 1.0–1.4a, the data is encoded using ANSI 8b/10b encoding prior to transmission. With this scheme, only 8 out of every 10 transmitted bits represent data; the extra bits are used for DC balancing (ensuring a roughly equal number of 1s and 0s). As

5530-453: The specification. DisplayPort version 1.4 was published 1 March 2016. No new transmission modes are defined, so HBR3 (32.4   Gbit/s) as introduced in version 1.3 still remains as the highest available mode. DisplayPort   1.4 adds support for Display Stream Compression 1.2 (DSC), Forward Error Correction , HDR10 metadata defined in CTA-861.3, including static and dynamic metadata and

5609-594: The turntable pickup to the radio chassis. They were not intended to be disconnected and reconnected frequently, and their retaining friction was quite sufficient for their original purpose. Furthermore, the design of both cable and chassis connectors was for minimum cost. Initially intended for audio-frequency connections only, the RCA plug was also used for analog composite video and non-critical radio-frequency applications. Video connectors carry only video signals. Common video-only connectors include: The Mini-DIN connectors are

5688-549: The value 1 + 5.5 * β = 1.099296826809442... and β has the value 0.018053968510807..., while 0.099 is 1.099 - 1. The YCC encoding matrix is unchanged, and can follow either Rec. 709 or Rec. 601 (Matrix Coefficients 1 and 5). The possible range for non-linear R’G’B’ 601 is between -1.0732 and 2.0835 and for R’G’B’ 709 is between -1.1206 and 2.1305. That is achieved when YCC values are "1, 1, any" and "254, 254, any" in B' component. xvYCC 709 covers 37.19% of CIE 1976 u'v' , while BT.709 only 33.24%. The last step encodes

5767-1052: The values to a binary number (quantization). It is basically unchanged, except that a bit-depth n of more than 8 bits can be selected: Y x v   n = ⌊ 2 n − 8 ( 219 × Y + 16 ) ⌉ C b x v   n = ⌊ 2 n − 8 ( 224 × C b + 128 ) ⌉ C r x v   n = ⌊ 2 n − 8 ( 224 × C r + 128 ) ⌉ {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Y_{{\rm {xv}}\ n}&=\left\lfloor 2^{n-8}(219\times Y+16)\right\rceil \\Cb_{{\rm {xv}}\ n}&=\left\lfloor 2^{n-8}(224\times Cb+128)\right\rceil \\Cr_{{\rm {xv}}\ n}&=\left\lfloor 2^{n-8}(224\times Cr+128)\right\rceil \\\end{aligned}}} With negative primary amounts allowed,

5846-917: The version of each device or the cable certification level. All features of DisplayPort will function across any DisplayPort cable. DisplayPort does not have multiple cable designs; all DP cables have the same basic layout and wiring, and will support any feature including audio, daisy-chaining, G-Sync / FreeSync , HDR, and DSC. DisplayPort cables differ in their transmission speed support. DisplayPort specifies seven different transmission modes (RBR, HBR, HBR2, HBR3, UHBR   10, UHBR   13.5, and UHBR   20) which support progressively higher bandwidths. Not all DisplayPort cables are capable of all seven transmission modes. VESA offers certifications for various levels of bandwidth. These certifications are optional, and not all DisplayPort cables are certified by VESA. Cables with limited transmission speed are still compatible with all DisplayPort devices, but may place limits on

5925-427: The video data levels that are above the sRGB space. This is almost never the case for software working with an RGB core. The more complex example is YCbCr BT.709 values 139, 151, 24 (that is RGB -21, 182, 181). That is out-of-gamut for BT.709, but is not for sYCC and xvYCC 709 , and to convert those values to display gamut you would convert to XYZ (0.27018, 0.40327, 0.54109) and then to display gamut. The XYZ matrix

6004-516: Was announced by VESA in January 2018, and certifies cables for proper operation at HBR3 speeds (8.1   Gbit/s per lane, 32.4   Gbit/s total). In June 2019, with the release of version 2.0 of the DisplayPort Standard, VESA announced that the DP8K certification was also sufficient for the new UHBR10 transmission mode. No new certifications were announced for the UHBR13.5 and UHBR20 modes. VESA

6083-436: Was approved on 15 September 2014. This standard increases overall transmission bandwidth to 32.4   Gbit/s with the new HBR3 mode featuring 8.1   Gbit/s per lane (up from 5.4   Gbit/s with HBR2 in version 1.2), for a total data throughput of 25.92   Gbit/s after factoring in 8b/10b encoding overhead. This bandwidth is enough for a 4K UHD display ( 3840 × 2160 ) at 120   Hz with 24   bit/px RGB color,

6162-411: Was first announced in October 2008 for use in the new MacBooks and Cinema Display. In 2009, VESA adopted it as an official standard, and in 2010 the specification was merged into the main DisplayPort standard with the release of DisplayPort   1.2. Apple freely licenses the specification to VESA. The Mini DisplayPort (mDP) connector is a 20-pin single-orientation connector with a friction lock. Unlike

6241-458: Was the sole connector type introduced in DisplayPort   1.0. It is a 20-pin single-orientation connector with a friction lock and an optional mechanical latch. The standard DisplayPort receptacle has dimensions of 16.10   mm (width) × 4.76   mm (height) × 8.88   mm (depth). The standard DisplayPort connector pin allocation is as follows: The Mini DisplayPort connector was developed by Apple for use in their computer products. It

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