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48-458: The Ellicott City Jail was the first detention facility in Howard County, Maryland . Ellicott City, Maryland , first housed inmates in a stone basement of a private residence on Fells lane. The "Thousand Dollar Jail" held as many as 15 prisoners in 4 cells without proper ventilation or drainage. The overcrowded facility conditions left prisoners unsegregated. John H. Herbert Esq. petitioned for

96-557: A deadly flu pandemic swept the county starting with an early outbreak in Camp Meade in adjacent Anne Arundel County. The 1930s saw a shift from one-room schoolhouses to centralized schools with bus service. By 1939 wheat harvesting fell to just 18,800 acres (7,600 ha). In 1940, local newspaper owner Paul Griffith Stromberg led a five-county commission to study a superhighway between Baltimore and Washington through Howard County. The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 eventually led to

144-642: A district that splits into Anne Arundel County to the south-east, along with two Democratic state delegates. From 1914 to 1968, Howard County was governed by a system of three elected commissioners with four-year terms. Prior to 1962, the only polling location in the county was located in Ellicott City. In May 1962, voters were offered a second location to vote, also in Ellicott City at the National Armory on Montgomery Road. Senator James Clark Jr. proposed

192-399: A family was $ 119,810. Males had a median income of $ 82,307 versus $ 59,128 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 45,294. About 2.8% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2000, there were 247,842 people, 90,043 households, and 65,821 families residing in

240-501: A five-person County Council and a County Executive in 1965. In 1968, the county implemented a charter form of government. In 1984 a councilmanic referendum was approved, switching council from at-large representation to district representation. The County Council serves as the county's legislative branch; members also provide constituent service and sit as members of the Zoning Board and Liquor Board. The current Howard County Executive

288-416: A new building in 1877. The existing jail was described as small, insecure, and defective in many ways In 1878, Howard County opened its first permanent jail facility on Emory road in Ellicott City. The granite building was designed to house twelve inmates. The building is an example of Romanesque revival architecture. It was named "Willow Grove" or Emory Jail. The 1878 commissioners' names are inscribed in

336-684: A planned community that included people from diverse socioeconomic and racial backgrounds. African-Americans have lived in Howard County for centuries, with the African-American population increasing greatly after the 1960s. Immigration from Asia, particularly Korea, India, and China, as well as Latin America, has also contributed to Howard County's diversity. While historically primarily Christian, Howard County now has sizable Jewish , Muslim , and Hindu populations. As of 2019, 18,700 Jewish people lived in

384-686: A quarter million residents by the year 2000. Race relations and desegregation became major issues of the time. From 1963 to 1966 the Rouse Company bought 14,000 acres (5,700 ha) of land and rezoned it for the Columbia Development. In 1972, the Marriott company proposed to build a regional theme park on Rouse-owned land but was denied zoning. The county has a number of properties on the National Register of Historic Places . According to

432-519: A quarter-acre site. The slate roof was repaired with a temporary shingle roof. Asbestos removal costs are a contributing factor to the reluctance to maintain the historic structure. In 2014 and 2015, Ellicott City Jail and the Hiene House was placed on the Preserve Howard top ten most endangered list due to walkway and parking lot construction plans. Howard County, Maryland Howard County

480-533: A record of acting as a bellwether in state-wide elections since the late 20th century: Since at least the 1950s, Howard County has voted for the successful senatorial candidate in both Maryland's Class I and Class III seats, and since 1998 the county has voted for the successful gubernatorial candidate, voting for Republican Bob Ehrlich in the 2002 gubernatorial election , Democrat Martin O'Malley in 2006 and 2010 , Republican Larry Hogan in 2014 and 2018 , and Democrat Wes Moore in 2022 . Since 1984,

528-478: A stagecoach stop and was later owned by Royal Harp III, Thomas Isaacs, Mr White, and the Grant family. The Dayton single-room school house was located along Green Bridge Road. After a fire in the single-room schoolhouse for colored children, a new brown tile two-room school was built at the crossroads of Ten Oaks, Green Bridge and Howard roads, and the colored children moved to the old white school. The two-room school

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576-691: Is Democrat Calvin Ball III , who was elected in November 2018 and took office on December 3, 2018. The county is entirely within Maryland's 3rd congressional district , represented by Democrat John Sarbanes . The County Council adopts ordinances and resolutions, and has all of the county's legislative powers. There are five council districts throughout the county. The current County Council as of December 2022 includes 4 Democrats and 1 Republican. Statistics for July 2014 indicate that Howard County's unemployment rate

624-485: Is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland . As of the 2020 census , the population was 334,529. Since there are no incorporated municipalities, there is no incorporated county seat either. Therefore, its county seat is the unincorporated community of Ellicott City . Howard County is part of the larger Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area . The county is part of the Central Maryland region of

672-408: Is at 5.2 percent (7,527 persons). Howard County Public School System employs 8,136 of which 4,670 are teachers. The County Government employs 3,323 outside of the school system with 672 police, 482 public works, and 472 fire and rescue employees. The top ten private sector employers in Howard County are as follows: Awards and recognitions achieved by Howard County or locations within it include

720-654: Is bounded on the north and northeast by the Patapsco River , on the southwest by the Patuxent River , and on the southeast by a land border with Anne Arundel County. Both the Patapsco and Patuxent run largely through publicly accessible parkland along the county borders. The Patuxent border includes the Triadelphia and Rocky Gorge reservoirs . Howard County lies in the humid subtropical climate zone. As one travels west in

768-618: Is listed as a "super" zip code. The median home value was $ 975,000 in 2016, with an average home size of 3,410 square feet. In 2014, a zoning case to move a large industrial mulching operation operated by a Sandy Spring Bank executive and RLO president from Trinity Church in Elkridge to agricultural preservation land in Dayton prompted a large citizen reaction. 39°15′06″N 76°59′27″W  /  39.25167°N 76.99083°W  / 39.25167; -76.99083 This article about

816-524: Is located southwest of Baltimore and north of Washington, D.C. , between Clarksville and Glenelg . A postal office operated in the community from 21 July 1864 to present with brief stops in service during the American Civil War . By 1878, the town expanded to three general stores and a wheelwright shop. One of the former is Maloney's General Store, built shortly after the Civil War, which served as

864-525: Is now on property owned by RLO Contractors. Dayton is in the 21036 zip code area and belongs to the 410 area code. The post office is still operating today. Dayton is also the home to the annual Dayton Daze Parade that began in honor of Lenny Hobbs. The Hobbs Family gas station was prominent in the crossroads community. The 21036 zip code is the wealthiest in the Baltimore metropolitan area as of 2013, with an average family net worth of $ 1.85 million, and

912-490: The 2020 United States census , there were 328,200 people by June 1, 2020 The population density was 1,300 inhabitants per square mile (500/km ) As of the 2010 United States census , there were 287,085 people, 104,749 households, and 76,333 families residing in the county. The population density was 1,144.9 inhabitants per square mile (442.0/km ). There were 109,282 housing units at an average density of 435.8 per square mile (168.3/km ). The racial makeup of

960-581: The Piscataway and Susquehannock peoples. The Maryland Historical Trust has documented Indigenous sites along the Patapsco, Patuxent, Middle and Little Patuxent River valleys. In 1652, the Susquehannock tribes signed a peace treaty with Maryland, giving up their provenance over the territory that is now Howard County. In 1800, the mean center of U.S. population as calculated by the US Census Bureau

1008-515: The U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 253 square miles (660 km ), of which 251 square miles (650 km ) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km ) (1.0%) is water. It is the second-smallest county in Maryland by land area and smallest by total area. Howard County is located in the Piedmont Plateau region of Maryland, with rolling hills making up most of the landscape. It

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1056-575: The wealthiest counties in the US . Many of the most affluent communities in the area, such as Clarksville , Dayton , Glenelg , Glenwood , and West Friendship , are located along the Route 32 corridor in Howard County. The main population center of Columbia/Ellicott City is regularly ranked in Money magazine 's Top 10 "Best Places to Live". According to data from the U.S. Census Bureau , Howard County ranks fourth in

1104-681: The " Maryland Line " of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War , commander notably at the Battle of Cowpens in South Carolina in 1781, among others. He was the fifth governor of Maryland , serving from 1788 to 1791. Prior to the European colonization of what is now Howard County in the 1600s, the area served as farming and hunting grounds for Indigenous peoples including

1152-481: The 1800s and 1900s, Howard County was a predominantly white and mainly rural county with a small population. In 1950, the population was only 23,000. Since the 1950s, the county's population has increased tenfold and has diversified into a majority minority county. Almost half of Howard County's population identified as non-Hispanic and/or non-white by 2017. Much of the racial diversification of Howard County came after 1967, when The Rouse Company designed Columbia to be

1200-485: The January 1851 constitutional convention, Thomas Beale Dorsey submitted a petition led by James Sykes. A committee was formed with Dorsey, Bowie, Smith, Harbine and Ricaud. After several postponements, the district was erected officially as Howard County on July 4, 1851, after the approval of the new constitution at the election held June 4, 1851. The plantations of modern Howard County used slave labor as early as 1690. At

1248-556: The Maryland Constitution in November 1864. On May 1, 1883, Howard County joined Anne Arundel County and Harford County in liquor prohibition. By 1899, Howard County contained 400 miles (640 km) of dirt and 48 miles (77 km) of stone roads, including three paid turnpikes maintained by 118 men. Most traffic consisted of loads delivered to rail crossings. In 1909, County Commissioners Hess, Werner and O'Neil were charged with malfeasance regarding contract bids. In 1918,

1296-410: The age of 18 living with them, 58.9% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 27.1% were non-families, and 21.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.72, and the average family size was 3.20. The median age was 38.4 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 103,273, and the median income for

1344-428: The age of 18 living with them, 60.50% were married couples living together, 9.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.90% were non-families. 20.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71, and the average family size was 3.18. In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.10% under

1392-406: The age of 18, 6.30% from 18 to 24, 34.40% from 25 to 44, 23.80% from 45 to 64, and 7.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.90 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 101,003, and the median income for a family was $ 117,186 in 2009. The per capita income

1440-507: The building housed the Central Alarm operation in a top floor office. In 1975, a separate division was created by County Executive Edward L. Cochran . Its first director was Gerald H. McClellan. The jail was transferred to a new facility in Jessup in 1984. Within 10 years, Howard county raised its detention facilities from 12 to 360 inmates. The jail is unoccupied with most ironwork removed on

1488-442: The construction of Interstate 70 across northern Howard County and Interstate 95 across the eastern part of the county. The sparsely populated county hosted population centers in Ellicott City, Elkridge, Savage, North Laurel and Lisbon with W.R. Grace and Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab as the largest new employers. Residents elected officials that campaigned to keep the county rural while planners prepared public works to support

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1536-433: The county away from the Baltimore area, the winter temperatures get lower and winter snow is more common. Annual rainfall is about 45 inches (1,100 mm) throughout the county. Over a 60-year period from 1950 to 2010, there were 394 National Climatic Data Center reportable events causing 617 injuries, and 99 fatalities. There were 9 reported tornadoes, reaching a maximum of F2, with no recorded fatalities. For much of

1584-591: The county has also voted for the state-wide presidential winner, a streak of 10 straight presidential elections. At the state level of government, Howard County is represented by nine Democrats in the Maryland House of Delegates and three Democrats in the Maryland Senate . One Democratic state senator from the county represents a district that spills into Montgomery County to the west, as do two Democratic state delegates. Another Democratic state senator represents

1632-411: The county was 62.2% white, 17.5% Black or African American, 14.4% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 2.0% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 5.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 17.7% were German , 13.9% were Irish , 10.6% were English , 7.0% were Italian , and 4.6% were American . Of the 104,749 households, 39.3% had children under

1680-539: The county, making up 5.8% of the total population. More than 6,000 non-Jewish people in the county have Jewish people in their households. As of 2010, only 1% of Jews in the county were Orthodox , while one-third each were Conservative and Reform and one-quarter were secular or non-denominational. In the same year, one-quarter of the Jewish community were poor or financially insecure, 17% made less than $ 50,000 per year, and half made annual incomes of $ 100,000 or more. As of

1728-573: The county. The population density was 983 inhabitants per square mile (380/km ). There were 92,818 housing units at an average density of 368 per square mile (142/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 74.33% White, 14.42% Black, 0.24% Native American, 7.68% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.11% from other races, and 2.19% from two or more races. 3.02% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 15.1% were of German, 11.0% Irish, 9.3% English, 6.6% Italian and 5.7% American ancestry. There were 90,043 households, out of which 40.00% had children under

1776-401: The following Census-designated places in the county: Unincorporated places not listed as Census-designated places but known in the area include: 39°14′7″N 76°56′29″W  /  39.23528°N 76.94139°W  / 39.23528; -76.94139 Dayton, Maryland Dayton is an unincorporated community located in Howard County , Maryland , United States. Dayton

1824-609: The following: Howard County does not have any commercial or public-use airport facilities. A 1967 Airport Study Commission recommended a facility for 150–250 aircraft to provide economic development, but was not initiated. With the closure of Haysfield Airport in 2012, there is one privately owned airstrip, Glenair Airport in Glenelg . Commercial air service is provided by Baltimore/Washington International Airport , Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport , and Washington Dulles International Airport . The Census Bureau recognizes

1872-409: The jail by chipping away the mortar from a granite wall block with a piece of iron, and pushed the stone out for an opening. During World War II, the jail was used to house German POWs that were used as labor on local farms. Prisoners were paid, but only received two meals a day with proceeds going to the sheriff for his own use. The conditions later prompted a congressional inquiry. On 18 April 1959,

1920-539: The list for all Maryland school districts. Reservoir High School is currently the largest school in the county with over 1,900 students. In 2013 Howard County Library System was selected as the Library of the Year by Library Journal and cited by editor-at-large, John N. Berry, as "a 21st-century library model, with a position, doctrine, purpose, and curriculum worthy of study and consideration by every library in America, if not

1968-483: The nation for educational attainment, with an estimated 63.6% of residents 25 and over holding a bachelor's degree or higher. In 2022, the Howard County Public School System was ranked the best school district in Maryland. In 2010, the center of population of Maryland was located in the Howard County town of Jessup . The name of the county honors Colonel John Eager Howard , an officer in

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2016-470: The state. Recent county development has led to some realignment towards the Washington, D.C. media and employment markets. The county is home to Columbia , a major planned community of approximately 100,000, founded in 1967. Howard County is frequently cited for its affluence, quality of life, and excellent schools. Its estimated 2020 median household income of $ 124,042 (~$ 143,882 in 2023) makes it one of

2064-439: The stone (Samuel Brown, Jerome C. Berry, and Willam Rowles). Eight cells were originally constructed, including "dark cells" which held condemned prisoners awaiting morning executions. In 1885, ten masked men broke into the jail, and lynched Nicholas Snowden, an inmate held for the murder of a young girl. By 1889, the jail was over capacity and housed 15 inmates under warden John Lilly. In February 1895, shop owner Daniel F Shea

2112-631: The time of the Underground Railroad , some Howard County residents assisted slaves who were escaping to freedom. This was particularly risky, as many prominent plantation families were Confederate sympathizers during the Civil War , contributing militiamen to the South to protect local interests. Maryland was exempt from the Emancipation Proclamation , later abolishing slavery in the update of

2160-700: The world." In 2015 the Howard County Library System was designated the top Star Library in its class. Howard County has voted for the Democratic presidential candidate in every election from 1992 on. In the 2020 presidential election , Democratic Party candidate Joe Biden received the highest percentage of Howard County's votes of any presidential candidate in the history of the county. The less populated western and northern parts of Howard County lean Republican. The more heavily populated southern and eastern parts are heavily Democratic. Howard County has

2208-414: Was $ 44,120. About 2.70% of families and 4.00% of the population were below the poverty line . The Howard County Public School System , the school district for the entire county, manages 71 schools and serves approximately 49,000 students. The graduation rate from this school district was 90.4% in 2009, and the county's schools are ranked among the best in the state. Student test scores consistently top

2256-583: Was found in what is now Howard County. In 1838, Dr. William Watkins of Richland Manor proposed the "Howard District" of Anne Arundel County . After several adjournments, the area of western Anne Arundel County was designated the Howard District in 1839. The district had the same status as a county except that it was not separately represented in the Maryland General Assembly . In 1841, the county built its first courthouse in Ellicott City. At

2304-620: Was murdered by Jacob Henson and Henson was sentenced to death. Fearing that Governor Brown might release Henson due to insanity, a group of residents broke into the jail and lynched Henson on Merricks Lane with a sign saying "Brown cannot rule our cort". Governor Brown condemned the citizens and ordered all condemned prisoners to the Maryland Penitentiary from then on. Despite orders from the governor to suspend capitol punishment at county facilities, prisoners were executed on site by hanging as late as 1916. In 1921, three prisoners escaped

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