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37-600: The son of a prominent cleric of the same name, Elisha Payne was born in Canterbury, Connecticut , on March 7, 1731. He graduated from Yale College in 1750, studied law, and attained admission to the bar. In addition, Payne was a partner with his brother-in-law in a successful mercantile business. From 1765 to 1768 Payne served in the Connecticut Assembly . In 1774 Payne relocated to Orange, New Hampshire , then called Cardigan, where he practiced law, farmed, and operated

74-601: A successful saw and gristmill. In addition, he served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives . In 1775 Payne was appointed a lieutenant colonel in the New Hampshire militia. In 1776 he was named a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas and Register of Probate for Grafton County . In 1780 Payne relocated to Lebanon, New Hampshire . During this period Vermont was an independent republic, and for several years there

111-552: A town meeting called by Judson the vote was 99% for rejection. While Judson did not and could not have created the antipathy, he placed himself at the head of it. The project was abandoned. A similar incident soon followed in Judson's home town, Canterbury. Although he had earlier welcomed Prudence Crandall 's Canterbury Female Boarding School , his support vanished when she accepted a black student and refused pressures to expel her. Judson, Canterbury's most famous and influential citizen,

148-644: Is Canterbury Elementary School, whose mascot is the Kitt Fox. The local middle school for fifth through eighth grades is Dr. Helen Baldwin Middle School, whose mascot is the bulldog. As Canterbury has no high school of its own, Canterbury students have the option of attending H.H. Ellis Technical High School , Griswold High School , Killingly High School , Norwich Technical High School , Norwich Free Academy , or Woodstock Academy . Andrew T. Judson Andrew Thompson Judson (November 29, 1784 – March 17, 1853)

185-496: Is First Selectman, Mark O. Weeks (R) is Second Selectman, Jonathan T. Lane (D) is Third Selectman. Natalie Ruth Ellston was elected to serve as Town Clerk and Tax Collector of Canterbury CT. Laurie Epler is the hired Town Treasurer. Students from grades Kindergarten through 8 are zoned to the Canterbury School District . The district has two schools: The local elementary school for kindergarten through fourth grades

222-594: Is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km ) of it (0.62%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,692 people, 1,717 households, and 1,339 families residing in the town. The population density was 117.6 inhabitants per square mile (45.4/km ). There were 1,762 housing units at an average density of 44.2 per square mile (17.1/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 97.34% White , 0.36% African American , 0.28% Native American , 0.26% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 0.30% from other races , and 1.45% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.07% of

259-624: The Prudence Crandall Museum . It has been designated as a National Historic Landmark , and it is the leading tourist attraction in Canterbury. In 2009 a life-size bronze statue of Prudence Crandall with an African-American student was installed in the state capital. According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 40.2 square miles (104 km ), of which, 39.9 square miles (103 km ) of it

296-620: The Quinebaug River , Peagscomsuck Island, and the Plainfield Settlement . In 1703 this section was officially separated from Plainfield and named The Town of Canterbury. The town's name is a transfer from Canterbury , England. Canterbury was a very influential town at this period, and was particularly noted for the public spirit and high character of its leading men, and its cultivated and agreeable society. Andrew T. Judson , State attorney and successful lawyer, Dr. [Andrew] Harris,

333-497: The United States House of Representatives of the 24th United States Congress and served from March 4, 1835, until July 4, 1836, when he resigned to accept a federal judicial appointment. Another source says that he was defeated for reelection. During that time the abolitionist, and mentor of Prudence Crandall, William Lloyd Garrison sent him a petition from 46 residents of Brooklyn, Connecticut , urging him to end slavery in

370-706: The Vermont Supreme Court . In addition, he was appointed a major general in the Vermont militia. Payne was appointed in 1782 as one of Vermont's delegates to negotiate with the Continental Congress . After the attempted union of western New Hampshire and Vermont was ended, Payne resumed his involvement in New Hampshire politics and government, serving in the New Hampshire Senate from 1786 to 1787, and

407-661: The Black Law in 1838. In 1877 the town of Canterbury recognized Crandall, who had moved to Elk Falls, Kansas , with a small pension. Crandall, who by then was living in poverty, said that this helped improve her living condition. She died in 1890. In 1995, the Connecticut General Assembly designated Prudence Crandall as the state's official heroine because she opened the first school in the United States for black girls. The school still stands in Canterbury, operating as

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444-609: The District of Columbia . Judson made no response. Judson was nominated by President Andrew Jackson on June 28, 1836, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut vacated by Judge William Bristol . He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 4, 1836, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on March 17, 1853, due to his death in Canterbury. He

481-575: The New Hampshire House of Representatives from 1787 to 1788. He served in the New Hampshire House again in 1790, 1793, 1796 to 1797, and 1800. Payne was treasurer of Dartmouth College from 1779 to 1780, and a trustee of the college from 1784 to 1801. In 1788 Payne was a delegate to the New Hampshire convention that considered adoption of the United States Constitution and voted for its ratification. Payne also appears to have been

518-403: The average family size was 3.06. In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.9 males. The median income for a household in the town

555-525: The better for our country, for the niggers, and yourselves. Judson did appear as a character witness on behalf of Reuben Crandall , Prudence's brother, a physician who was arrested in Washington, D.C., for (illegally) possessing abolitionist literature and was nearly lynched . He did so because Reuben had recommended to Prudence that she abandon her plans to educate black girls in Connecticut. The prosecutor

592-496: The charter that was granted by Charles II of England , and adopted the new Constitution of 1818 , which remained in effect until 1965. Judson was the leading enemy of African Americans in the state of Connecticut. He believed that they were inferior to whites, and if not in use as slaves should be moved to Africa, "where they came from". He was an officer of the American Colonization Society , which raised funds for

629-633: The equals of the whites. Africa is the place for them. I am in favor of the Colonization scheme . Let the niggers and their descendants be sent back to their fatherland and there improve themselves as much as they may, and civilize and Christianize the natives, if they can. ...You are violating the Constitution of our Republic, which settled forever the status of the black men in this land. They belong to Africa. Let them be sent back there, or kept as they are here. The sooner you Abolitionists abandon your project

666-561: The establishment of a college for African Americans in New Haven. As a judge in the United States v. The Amistad he ruled the enslaved captives aboard La Amistad be released and returned to Africa. Judson was born on November 29, 1784, in Eastford , Windham County , Connecticut , the son of Elisabeth (Work) and Andrew Judson. Judson received limited schooling and read law in 1806. He

703-538: The final clinching vote of the New Hampshire legislature that ultimately ratified the United States Constitution . The final vote in the New Hampshire legislature was 57–47, which means that Payne's fifty-third vote was the deciding vote needed to officially ratify the United States Constitution . Payne was married twice: first to Anna Waldo (1753–1759) and, after her death, to Elizabeth Spaulding (1762–1809). Among his children were: Payne died in Lebanon on July 20, 1807. He

740-405: The population. There were 1,717 households, out of which 37.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.5% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.0% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and

777-515: The relocation of a few thousand African Americans to the land that became Liberia . What was labelled the New Haven Excitement by abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison was the unexpected uproar that followed the proposal by the minister Simeon Jocelyn to establish a "colored" college in New Haven. At the time, 1831, there was none, and blacks would only exceptionally be admitted to any college at all, approximately once every seven years. At

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814-429: The school. The Connecticut General Assembly passed a "Black Law", which prohibited the education of black children from out of state. Crandall persisted in teaching, and in 1833 was arrested and kept in jail overnight. Unsuccessful and long legal proceedings were mounted but violence by a mob of Canterbury residents forced the closure of the school in 1834. Crandall left the state and never returned. Connecticut repealed

851-452: The skillful surgeon. Esquire Frost, the devoted champion of temperance, Rufus Adams, with his fund of dry humor, George S. White, with his strong character and multifarious knowledge, Luther Paine, John Francis, Thomas and Stephen Coit, Samuel L. Hough, all solid men interested in public affairs — had their homes at or near Canterbury Green, and gave tone and prominence to the town. Few country towns could boast such social attractions. Dr. Harris

888-404: The state's attorney for the county and the court's next choice, state Lieutenant Governor Ebenezer Stoddard , were suspiciously both "ill", since he was the only one of three prosecutors with knowledge of the case he called and questioned the witnesses, and gave the prosecution's closing argument. The jury was unable to reach a verdict. At her retrial he was no longer "assistant" prosecutor. She

925-417: Was Francis Scott Key , former partner of Roger Taney , who hoped to use the trial to advance the cause of colonization; he was a founding member of the American Colonization Society . After eight months in jail Reuben Crandall was found not guilty, but died shortly after of tuberculosis contracted in jail. Judson was elected as a Jacksonian Democrat from Connecticut's at-large congressional district to

962-510: Was $ 55,547, and the median income for a family was $ 65,095. Males had a median income of $ 41,521 versus $ 28,672 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 22,317. About 3.5% of families and 4.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 4.2% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over. Canterbury's new administration was elected in November 2019. They will serve through November 2021. Christopher J. Lippke (R)

999-643: Was a United States representative from Connecticut and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut . He also served in the Connecticut House of Representatives . He was a member of the Toleration Party and an officer of the American Colonization Society . A leading white supremacist, he led opposition to Prudence Crandall 's school for African Americans in Connecticut and advocated for African Americans to be subjugated or sent to Africa. He also opposed

1036-484: Was a political movement to join New Hampshire's Connecticut River Valley towns, including Lebanon, to Vermont. In 1778 members of this movement tried to induce Payne and his townsmen to join by appointing Payne to Vermont's Governor's Council , but Payne declined. In 1781 Payne was elected to the Vermont House of Representatives . He was subsequently elected Lieutenant Governor of Vermont and appointed Chief Justice of

1073-517: Was admitted to the bar and entered private practice in Montpelier , Vermont , from 1806 to 1809. He continued private practice in Canterbury , Connecticut, from 1809 to 1815, 1817 to 1819, and in 1834. He was Canterbury town clerk at the time of the Prudence Crandall affair, on which see below. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1816, and from 1822 to 1825. He

1110-667: Was buried in East Lebanon Cemetery. Canterbury, Connecticut Canterbury is a town in Windham County, Connecticut , United States. The town is part of the Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region . The population was 5,045 at the 2020 census . The area was settled by English colonists in the 1680s as Peagscomsuck . It consisted mainly of land north of Norwich, south of New Roxbury, Massachusetts (now Woodstock, Connecticut), and west of

1147-429: Was entertained, although it was said that Mrs. Judson as a Windham lady assumed superiority over her neighbors. Her husband, who liked to rally her upon this weakness, once called her down to the parlor to receive a Windham visitor, and most blandly presented to her an intrusive frog, which had hopped into the hall. His own tact and courtesy made ample amends for his wife's reputed deficiencies. Pleasant familiar intercourse

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1184-425: Was found guilty, but upon appeal, the appeals court, apparently seeking a way to avoid taking a position, dismissed the case on a technicality. At this point opposition to Crandall's school became violent: an attempt to set the building on fire, an attack at night breaking all the windows. For her students' safety she closed the school, and left the state. Since 2014 she has been Connecticut's state heroine. While this

1221-558: Was going on, Judson explained his position to one of Crandall's supporters, the Brooklyn, Connecticut , abolitionist minister Samuel J. May : Mr. May, we are not merely opposed to the establishment of that school in Canterbury; we mean there shall not be such a school set up anywhere in our State. The colored people never can rise from their menial condition in our country; they ought not to be permitted to rise here. They are an inferior race of beings, and never can or ought to be recognized as

1258-560: Was maintained among the village residents. All united with uncommon unanimity in plans for village improvement and public benefit, and it was in carrying out one of these projects that they struck upon the rock which foundered them. In 1832, Prudence Crandall , a schoolteacher raised as a Quaker, stirred controversy when she opened the Canterbury Female Boarding School and admitted black girls as students. Prominent Canterbury resident Andrew T. Judson led efforts against

1295-483: Was one of the most genial and hospitable of men, and his new model house with its rare appendage of a conservatory and choice flower-garden, was the wonder of all the County. Mrs. Harris had inherited the social characteristics of her distinguished father, General Moses Cleaveland , and received their unnumbered guests with all his ease and heartiness. A handsome new house had been also built by Mr. Judson, in which much company

1332-630: Was state's attorney for Windham County from 1819 to 1833. He was a member of the Connecticut Senate from 1830 to 1832. While in the Connecticut House of Representatives, Judson was one of the most active members of the Toleration Party , which had for its object disunion between church and state. After a severe struggle the Tolerationists, aided by the Democrats, succeeded in setting aside

1369-432: Was the organizer of the pressures. "No other person in Connecticut was more fiercely opposed to Crandall's school for black women." He got the Connecticut legislature to pass a law, called a " Black Law ", prohibiting the teaching of blacks not from Connecticut. Crandall was arrested and spent a night in the county jail, a fact that was publicized. While he was only assistant prosecutor of Crandall's first trial, upon which

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