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53-523: The main entryway into Trondheim for hundreds of years has been at Elgeseter; the first bridge here is mentioned in 1178. It was on this bridge that the battle between the birkebeiners and the baglers took place in 1199. Two years after the city was destroyed by fire in 1681, the Old Town Bridge ( Norwegian : Gamle Bybro ) was built. Until then the Elgeseter Bridge was the only connection across

106-556: A common law, and an early parliament or thing . It was called Frostating and was held at the Frosta -peninsula. By some, this is regarded as the first real democracy . In the time after Håkon Grjotgardsson (838-900), Trøndelag was ruled by the Jarl of Lade . Lade is located in the eastern part of Trondheim , bordering the Trondheimsfjord . The powerful Jarls of Lade continued to play

159-451: A region where the social tensions were not as marked, and their motive was rather to stop the transition of power from Trøndelag to Viken and Vestlandet . The powerful Trønder families were simply being left behind by their peers in the south, who had acquired a strong leader in the Vestland earl Erling Skakke in the mid-12th century. In the early 1160s, Erling had taken control of Viken and

212-948: A remembrance of the child the Birkebeiners had to carry on their journey. The bike and ski events start in Rena and all three events finish in Lillehammer . There are also sister cross-country ski races held in Hayward Wisconsin (United States) (the American Birkebeiner ), in Edmonton (Canada) (the Canadian Birkebeiner ) and in Falls Creek (Australia). Tr%C3%B8ndelag Trøndelag ( Urban East Norwegian: [ˈtrœ̂ndəˌlɑːɡ] ; or Trööndelage   ( Southern Sami )

265-645: A very significant political role in Norway up to 1030. Jarls of Lade ( Ladejarl ) were: Trøndelag (together with parts of Møre og Romsdal ) was briefly ceded in 1658 to Sweden in the Treaty of Roskilde and was ruled by king Charles X until it was returned to Denmark-Norway after the Treaty of Copenhagen in 1660. During that time, the Swedes conscripted 2,000 men in Trøndelag, forcing young boys down to 15 years of age to join

318-455: Is Norway's only full-size speed skating hall north of Hamar . While the hall has never hosted a top level senior ISU Speed Skating World Cup event, it has frequently hosted Norwegian championships and junior world tour events. The final two stages of the 2022 Arctic Race of Norway were held within the county, as were the Norwegian road racing championships in 2010, 2017, and 2022. Trondheim

371-504: Is a county and coextensive with the Trøndelag region (also known as Midt-Norge or Midt-Noreg, lit. "Mid-Norway") in the central part of Norway . It was created in 1687, then named Trondhjem County ( Norwegian : Trondhjems Amt ); in 1804 the county was split into Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag by the King of Denmark-Norway , and the counties were reunited in 2018 after a vote of

424-402: Is a term used for the period between 1130 and 1240 in the history of Norway. During this period there were several interlocked conflicts of varying scale and intensity. Although weak in the beginning, the Birkebeiners had the upper hand for most of the conflict's duration. King Haakon IV was the ultimate victor for the Birkebeiners in 1217. In the earlier part of the reign of King Haakon, much of

477-529: Is also the starting point of the Styrkeprøven ≥500km endurance road race held most years since 1967, which heads down European route E6 through Trøndelag until Hjerkinn , after which point the race heads down to Oslo or just north of Oslo. Hitra and Frøya compete in the Island Games , though Norwegian press coverage outside the islands about their participations are virtually non-existent. Trøndelag

530-407: Is called a trønder . The dialect spoken in the area, trøndersk , is characterized by dropping out most vowel endings; see apocope . Trøndelag is one of the most fertile regions of Norway, with large agricultural output. The majority of the production ends up in the Norwegian cooperative system for meat and milk, but farm produce is a steadily growing business. The Old Norse form of the name

583-478: Is covered with fertile lands, especially the lowlands surrounding the Korsfjord, Trondheimsfjord, Borgenfjord, and Beitstadfjord. Trøndelag is the third largest county in Norway by agricultural land with its 1789sqkm, and has the second highest meat-output with a total of almost 75 000 tonnes in 2022. The county also houses the most milking-cows, and thereby has the highest milk output, with Steinkjer Kommune producing

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636-522: Is governed by the Trøndelag County Municipality . The town of Steinkjer is the seat of the county governor and county administration. However, both the county governor and Trøndelag County Municipality also have offices in Trondheim. The county oversees the 41 upper secondary schools , including nine private schools. Six of the schools have more than 1000 students: four in Trondheim plus

689-613: Is one of the regions in Norway with the largest climatic variation - from the oceanic climate with mild and wetter winters along the coast to the very cold winters in the southeast inland highlands, where Røros is the only place in southern and central Norway to have recorded −50 °C (−58 °F). The first overnight freeze (temperature below −0 °C (32 °F) in autumn on average is August 24th in Røros, October 9th at Trondheim Airport Værnes, and as late as November 20th at Sula in Frøya. Most of

742-422: Is served mixed with coffee to create a drink called karsk . The strength of the coffee varies, often on a regional basis. The mixing proportions also depend on the strength of the spirit with more coffee being used for spirit with higher alcohol content. In southern regions, people tend to use strong filter coffee, while in the north they typically serve karsk with as weak coffee as possible. The "official dish" of

795-489: Is situated. The highest mountain is the 1,985-metre (6,512 ft) tall Storskrymten, which is located in the county border between Møre og Romsdal, Innlandet and Trøndelag. North of the Trondheimsfjord is the large Fosen peninsula, where Ørland Municipality is at its southwestern tip. Several valleys runs north or west to meet the fjord, with a river at its centre, such as Meldal, Gauldal, Stjørdal, Verdal. Further north

848-706: Is the long Namdalen with the largest river, Namsen , and Namsos is situated where the river meets the Namsen fjord. The rivers are among the best salmon rivers in Europe, especially Namsen, Gaula, and Orkla. On the northwestern part of the region is the Vikna archipelago with almost 6,000 islands and islets. There are many national parks in the region, including Dovrefjell–Sunndalsfjella National Park , Forollhogna National Park , Skarvan and Roltdalen National Park , Femundsmarka National Park and Børgefjell National Park . Trøndelag

901-614: The Steinkjer Upper Secondary School and the Ole Vig Upper Secondary School in Stjørdalshalsen . The county has ten Folk high schools , with an eleventh folk high school being possibly being opened in Røros, with a possible start in 2019. The county is often sub-divided into several geographical regions: There are ten towns/cities in Trøndelag, plus the "mining town" of Røros. Along the coast in

954-462: The 11th century. It is thought that the breed is a fork of Spanish Merino sheep brought to Norway by monks during the 1500s. This theory has little written evidence to support it, which may be explained by Spains monopoly on Merino sheep until the 1800s, and export of the breed was punishable by death. Another theory is that the fine wool-features come from Moroccan sheep that were left on some islands outside Frøya. The presence of Moroccan sheep on Tarva

1007-466: The Birkebeins are popularly celebrated for having escorted the one-year-old Haakon Haakonsson , an heir to the Norwegian throne, safely from Lillehammer to Østerdalen to Trondheim , a long and perilous journey through treacherous mountains and forests. This is commemorated through cross-country ski races , Birkebeinerrennet and Birkebeinerrittet . The Civil war era in Norway ( borgerkrigstiden )

1060-596: The Nidelva. The bridge has been reconstructed many times. In the 16th century it was for a period called " Gårdsbroen " and " Kanikke bro ". After the Old Town Bridge was completed, the bridge to Elgeseter fell to decay, and collapsed. In 1863 a wooden railway bridge was constructed at that location for the Trondhjem-Størenbanen railway line to Trondheim. This bridge was called " Kongsgårds bro ". The railway bridge

1113-564: The Swedish armies fighting against Poland and Brandenburg . Charles X feared the Trønders would rise against their Swedish occupiers, and thought it wise to keep a large part of the men away. Only about one-third of the men ever returned to their homes; some of them were forced to settle in the then Swedish Duchy of Estonia , as the Swedes thought it would be easier to rule the Trønders there, utilising

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1166-559: The Viken party, the tables turned when Sverre entered the political scene claiming to be the illegitimate son of king Sigurd Munn . Sverre sought assistance from the Swedish earl Birger Brosa who sent him Swedish forces after some hesitation. One of Birger Brosa's sons, Philippus Birgersson, became Sverre's earl. Under Sverre's leadership, the Birkebeiner movement was re-organized and pruned and

1219-474: The ancient maxim of divide and rule . In the fall of 1718, during the Great Northern War , General Carl Gustaf Armfeldt was ordered by king Charles XII of Sweden to lead a Swedish army of 10,000 men into Trøndelag to take Trondheim. Because of his poor supply lines back to Sweden, Armfeldt's army had to live off the land, causing great suffering to the people of the region. Armfeldt's campaign failed:

1272-449: The bishopric of Nidaros and had subsequently made his underage son Magnus Erlingsson the king of Norway. The party that was behind their rule was not called the Bagli party ( Bagler ) during their time, but only later. The rival forces against the Birkebeins were dubbed several names, successively Lendsmenn , Heklungs , Kuvlungs , Øyskjeggs and Bagler . After some initial victories for

1325-423: The defenders of Trondheim succeeded in repelling his siege. After Charles XII was killed in the siege of Fredriksten in Norway's southeast, Armfeldt was ordered back into Sweden. During the ensuing retreat, his 6,000 surviving threadbare and starving Caroleans were caught in a fierce blizzard . Thousands of Caroleans froze to death in the Norwegian mountains, and hundreds more were crippled for life. The county

1378-419: The first element has a stem form without umlaut . The county and national governments have also approved a Southern Sami name for the county: Trööndelage . When it is used with the word for county, it is Trööndelagen fylhke . People have lived in this region for thousands of years. In the early iron-age Trøndelag was divided into several petty kingdoms called fylki . The different fylki had

1431-401: The internationally acclaimed Trondheim Symphony Orchestra , Trondheim Soloists , Olavsfestdagene and Trondheim Chamber Music Festival . The region is popularly known for its moonshine homebrew , called heimbrent or heimert. Although officially prohibited, the art of producing as pure homemade spirits as possible still has a strong following in parts of Trøndelag. Traditionally the spirit

1484-520: The journey are dramatised in The Last King . The Birkebeins managed to hold some power, despite short reigns of their monarchs. In 1209, a resolution was made between Bagler and Birkebeiner. Bagler pretender Philip Simonsson was recognized as ruler of the eastern third of the country, Østlandet , without the title of king. Birkebeiner's Inge Baardsson was recognized to be King of Norway. They both died in 1217 and Birkebeiner-born Haakon IV ascended

1537-455: The last days of Saint Olaf . Jazz on a very high level is frequently heard in Trondheim, due to the high-level jazz education in Trondheim at Institutt for musikk (NTNU) . Trondheim is also the national centre of rock music; the popular music museum Rockheim opened there in 2010. Trøndelag is known for its local variety of rock music, often performed in local dialect, called "trønderrock". Several institutions are nationally funded, including

1590-432: The lowland areas near the fjords have a humid continental climate (or oceanic if -3C is used as winter threshold), while the most oceanic areas along the coast have a temperate oceanic climate with all monthly means above 0 °C (32 °F). The inland valleys, hills, and highlands below the treeline have a boreal climate with cold winters and shorter summers, but still with potential for warm summer temperatures. Above

1643-473: The most criminal elements were brutally purged from the party. The army consisted more and more of mercenaries from Sweden and England . As early as 1177, Sverre was proclaimed king by his followers, but in reality his power did not extend beyond the borders of Trøndelag and it took two decisive battles in 1179 and 1184 before he could be formally elected king. By then, both the main opponents were dead, i.e., earl Erling (1179) and King Magnus Erlingsson (1184), and

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1696-492: The most. In 2018 Trøndelag was the largest provider of beef, chicken, milk and eggs, outputting 21.1% of all milk production, and 18.9% of all beef, 28.7% of all chicken, 23.5% of all eggs, 13.2% of cereals and 23.2% of all hay produced in Norway. Trøndelag is very much a rural county, housing merely 8.7% of Norway's population. Trøndelag is the origin of multiple animal breeds, the best known being Grey Troender sheep and Sided Troender cattle (STN). Sided Troender cattle , as

1749-463: The name implies, is a white cow with coloured sides. It is based on "Rørosfe" from the Røros area, but later merged with the less standardized Nordland cattle. Together they are viewed as one breed with roots in both Trøndelag and Nordland, and has been since the 1920s. The breed standards are based on the original Trønder standards rather than the looser Nordland standards, with some cows being red, prioritizing black sides on hornless white cows. These are

1802-455: The opposition was greatly reduced. The Birkebeiner's political program was a continuation of earl Erling's centralization which underscores the geographical motivations behind the movement. Their leadership did not seek a social revolution, only to move the centre of power back to Trøndelag. The opposition around Viken organized in 1196 into a new faction called the Bagler . Around the year 1200,

1855-441: The parties of Bagler and Birkebeiners. The rallying point was regularly a royal son, who was set up as the figurehead of the party in question, to oppose the rule of the king from the contesting party. The Birkebein party was formed of some earlier groups with the original goal of deposing king Magnus V of Norway (Magnus Erlingsson) and his father Earl Erling Skakke . From a socio-historical perspective, scholars have interpreted

1908-416: The party as the result of the rapid increase in landless markamenn (meaning "border men"), who settled along the Swedish border and made their living by pillaging the rich old settlements. It was this lawless population that became the foremost basis of the Birkebeiner, even though it is questionable whether their leaders were paupers wearing shoes made of birch bark. Their leadership came from Trøndelag ,

1961-410: The party. Today, the historic event of the rescue of Haakon Haakonsson is honoured in Norway by three annual sporting events, a run, Birkebeinerløpet ; a mountain bike race, Birkebeinerrittet ; a cross-country ski race, Birkebeinerrennet and, beginning in 2012, Landeveisbirken , a road bicycle race. Common for the bike and ski events is the requirement of carrying a backpack weighing 3.5 kg as

2014-402: The population had grown to 1200, whereof 500 are fertile ewes, distributed among 35 herds, and efforts are being made to revive the breed..The Committee on Farm Animal Genetic Resources has collected and frozen 3500 sperm-samples for future breeding. Troender Rabbit (Trønderkanin) Is the only domestic Norwegian breed of rabbit. The breed was very popular during WWII as it grew fast and provided

2067-506: The pretender to the throne. In 1206, the Birkebeiners set off on a dangerous journey through treacherous mountains and forests, taking the now one-year-old Haakon Haakonsson to safety in Trondheim . Norwegian history credits the Birkebeiners' bravery with preserving the life of the boy who later became King Haakon Haakonsson IV , ended the civil wars in 1240 and forever changing Northern Europe 's history through his reign. The events surrounding

2120-707: The region is sodd which is made from diced sheep or beef meat and meatballs in boiled stock. Association football and handball are widely played and watched throughout the county. As of 26 January 2024, teams in tier 1 through 3 in men's football include Rosenborg BK , Ranheim Fotball , Levanger FK , IL Stjørdals-Blink , and Strindheim IL . Tier 1 through 3 in women's football include Rosenborg BK Kvinner , KIL/Hemne , and Tiller IL . In men's handball, tier 1 and 2 include Kolstad Håndball , Melhus IL , and Charlottenlund SK , while in women's handball, tier 1 and 2 include Byåsen HE and Levanger Håndballklubb . Fosenhallen outside Botngård in southwestern Fosen ,

2173-472: The rival groups shared the goal of controlling the entire country. In 1202, when King Sverre died, he had managed to acquire most of Norway, but in Østerdalen , the Baglers were still very powerful. Sverre's death meant some decrease in the power of the Birkebeins. His successor, King Haakon Sverresson , died only two years later, leaving his son Haakon Haakonsson as the ultimate target for the Baglers to get rid of

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2226-534: The royal power was in the hands of Skule Bårdsson . In 1239, the conflict between the two erupted into open warfare, when Skule had himself proclaimed king in Nidaros . The rebellion ended in 1240 when Skule was put to death. The background for these conflicts was the unclear Norwegian succession laws , social conditions and the struggle between Church and King. There were then two main parties, firstly known by varying names or no names at all, but finally condensing into

2279-469: The southwest are the largest islands in Norway south of the Arctic Circle, including Hitra and Frøya . The broad and long Trondheimsfjord is a main feature, and the lowland surrounding the fjord are among the most important agricultural areas in Norway. In the far south is the mountain ranges Dovrefjell and Trollheimen , and in the southeast is highlands and mountain plateaus, and this is where Røros

2332-411: The throne, relatively unopposed, under the regency of Duke Skule . The city arms of Lillehammer show a Birkebeiner skiing in honour of the historic rescue. The mascots Håkon and Kristin of the 1994 Winter Olympics are depicted as Birkebeiner children, bearing the names of the son and daughter of king Sverre. Near Drammen , the sports association Idrettsforeningen Birkebeineren took their name from

2385-479: The traits most reminiscing of the old "Rørosfe". Red Troender cattle is a now extinct breed based on the Scottish Ayrshire cattle. This domestic breed of horned red cows was mixed into extinction in the 1960s, and is now succeeded by Norwegian Red Cattle (NRF). Tautra sheep (Tautersau) was a breed of sheep from the island Tautra, which was and still is heavily populated by monks, who have held sheep since

2438-717: The treeline is alpine tundra . There are 38 municipalities in Trøndelag. Kristiansund Municipality in Møre og Romsdal held a referendum on 17 January 2022 on whether to move from Møre og Romsdal to Trøndelag, which was rejected; 36.77% voted to move, while 63.23% voted to stay. Similar referendums were hosted and rejected the preceding autumn in Aure on 13 September 2021 (45% to move, 51% to stay), and in Smøla on 26 September 2021 (27.24% to move, 70.23% to stay). Bindal Municipality in Nordland

2491-432: The two counties in 2016. The largest city in Trøndelag is the city of Trondheim . The administrative centre is Steinkjer , while Trondheim functions as the office of the county mayor. Both cities serve the office of the county governor; however, Steinkjer houses the main functions. Trøndelag county and the neighbouring Møre og Romsdal county together form what is known as Central Norway . A person from Trøndelag

2544-427: Was Þrǿndalǫg . The first element is the genitive plural of þrǿndr which means "person from Trøndelag", while the second is lǫg (plural of lag which means "law; district/people with a common law" (compare Danelaw , Gulaþingslǫg and Njarðarlǫg ). A parallel name for the same district was Þróndheimr which means "the homeland ( heim ) of the þrǿndr ". Þróndheimr may be older since

2597-510: Was converted into a roadway bridge in 1885, after the train station was relocated to Brattøra . This Trøndelag location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a bridge in Norway is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Birkebeiner The Birkebein Party or Birkebeinar ( Old Norse : Birkibeinar ; Norwegian : Birkebeinarane ( nynorsk ) or Birkebeinerne ( bokmål ))

2650-427: Was documented in 1757, and they are thought to have been brought inland. What is known for certain is that Hertfordshire Ryelander rams were imported in the late 1700s to mate with the local Tautra sheep. The Norwegian government held a breeding station on Edøy, that was laid to waste by invading forces during WWII. Despite a couple of decentralized breeding stations the population was too low, and to prevent inbreeding it

2703-455: Was mixed, amongst others with Old Norwegian Sheep, to improve the quality of other breeds. Grey Troender sheep is an endangered domesticated breed counting only 50 specimens in the year 2000. The crossbreeding to create the Grey Troender started in the late 1800s with heavy influence from Old Norwegian Sheep and Tautra Sheep. To protect this breed the government subsidises breeders. By 2011

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2756-573: Was originally decreed by Stortinget on 8 June 2017 to become part of Nærøysund (and thus become part of Trøndelag), but the decision was reversed after another hearing on 21 November 2017, well in advance of Nærøysund becoming a municipality on 1 January 2020. The region's official theatre is the Trøndelag Teater in Trondheim. At Stiklestad in Verdal , the historical play called The Saint Olav Drama has been played each year since 1954. It depicts

2809-583: Was the name for a rebellious party in Norway, formed in 1174 around the pretender to the Norwegian throne , Eystein Meyla . The name has its origins in propaganda from the established party that the rebels were so poor that they made their shoes of birch bark . Although originally a pejorative , the opposition adopted the Birkebeiner name for themselves, and continued using it after they came to power in 1184. Today,

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