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39-662: The term is used in various countries, such as Vietnam , Canada , Nigeria , and the United States . In India , the United Kingdom , Australia and Singapore , as well as parts of Canada , the word " unit " or " module " would be used to refer to an academic course as used in North America and the rest of Europe . In the Philippines, a course can be an individual subject (usually referred to by faculty and school officials) or

78-579: A Physics department, all courses numbered "PHYS 47xx" may be about magnetism, while all "PHYS 48xx" courses may be about optics. The course number 101 (pronounced "one oh one") is often used for a first or introductory course in a particular topic. This number appears to have been first used by the University of Buffalo in 1929. It eventually gave the US slang term " 101 " used to designate elementary knowledge in any subject, academic or not; as in "boiling potatoes

117-445: A course numbering system where each course is identified by the name of the major (or an abbreviation thereof) followed by a 3- or 4-digit number − for example, " French 213" (pronounced "two thirteen") or " CS 123" (pronounced "one twenty-three"). This common numbering system began to be used in the 1920s and was designed to make transfer between colleges easier. In theory, any numbered course in one academic institution should bring

156-643: A course: The exact work required depends on the discipline, the course, and the particular instructor. Unlike most European university courses, grades are generally determined by all of these kinds of work, not only the final examination. An elective course is one chosen by a student from a number of optional subjects or courses in a curriculum, as opposed to a required course which the student must take. While required courses (sometimes called "core courses" or "general education courses") are deemed essential for an academic degree, elective courses tend to be more specialized. Elective courses usually have fewer students than

195-487: A doctoral degree without first approval from the Ministry of Education and Training. Vietnam currently exists 7 university systems ( đại học ) , each university system divided into many member universities or constituent colleges ( trường đại học ), member schools ( trường or khoa ) or member institutes ( viện ) specializing in training and researching a specific group of disciplines to create their own strengths. The head of

234-621: A fixed scientific field; called trường đại học ). University systems in Vietnam consist of many member institutions, with each institution equivalent to a regular specialized university. In addition, in Vietnam, there are private universities operating under the management of the Ministry of Education and Training (in terms of expertise) and private enterprises (in terms of operation and management). Private universities in Vietnam are usually multidisciplinary universities, but in terms of decentralization in

273-544: A foreign language. Elective courses are also offered in the third and fourth years of university, though the choice is more restrictive and will depend upon the particular major the student has chosen. For example, at the University of British Columbia , students intending to specialize in Sanskrit as part of a major in Asian language and culture will usually have to complete several Sanskrit and Hindustani or Punjabi courses during

312-558: A particular chosen subject area, known as a major. Thus, students of the Arts or Humanities are required to take some science courses, and vice versa. Normally, students are free to choose their particular electives from among a wide range of courses offered by their university, as long as the students possess the prerequisite knowledge to understand the subject matter being taught. An English major, for example, might also study one or two years of chemistry, biology or physics as well as mathematics and

351-472: A period of adjustment as they navigate university life, there are numerous UK websites available that offer support and resources to help freshers with university preparations, such as providing guidance on accommodation, academic advice, social activities, and general tips for a successful start to their university journey. Unlike in Scotland , this term is not used in reference to pre-university education,

390-425: A student to the same standard as a similarly numbered course at other institutions. However, this is not a strict rule, and each institution is free to choose its own course numbers. Other countries may use very different numbering schemes or even no numbering system at all. In general, the equivalence between courses at different universities must be established by comparing their stated contents. The first digit of

429-563: A summer class, and 1 for a fall class. Sometimes the same course is taught by different faculty and/or at different times. In this case, a section number is used to differentiate between the different classes. Higher education in Vietnam This is a list of universities in Vietnam . The public higher education system in Vietnam basically consists of 2 levels: university system (called đại học ) and university (usually specialize in

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468-476: A university is called a director, and the head of a member university is called a rector. All 7 university systems are in the group of national key universities. Vietnam National University (VNU; Đại học Quốc gia ) is a special hierarchy of the Vietnamese higher education system. VNUs are not under the management of the Ministry of Education or any other organization, but operate completely independently, only under

507-457: Is a person in the first year at an educational institution, usually a secondary school or at the college and university level, but also in other forms of post-secondary educational institutions . In Albania the freshman/woman is called "fruth", which literally means "measles". The etymology of it is "a person that has not yet passed the social measles", social measles referring to the transformation of social skills that usually takes place in

546-652: Is allowed to organize and train religious studies (Buddhism) programs at undergraduate and graduate levels. The Vietnam Buddhist Academy system is managed independently by the Sangha through the Central Board of Education for Monks and Nuns. The Sangha actively develops training programs and enrollment regulations for each Academy and at the same time reports to the Government on enrollment and training results annually. Military academies and universitites are professionally managed by

585-613: Is called Erstsemester , or in short and more common, Ersti , with erst meaning 'first' and the -i adding a benevolently diminutive tone. The plural is Erstis . Unlike the word freshman , which stands for a student in their whole first year , the German word Ersti is exclusively used for students in their first semester . Students of higher semesters are accordingly called Zweitsemester , Drittsemester , Viertsemester etc. and sometimes, but rarely, also Zweitis , Drittis , Viertis , etc. Students at

624-409: Is cooking 101". There is a record of usage in this generic sense in 1986. The University of Northern Iowa changed its course numbering system from 3 digits to 4 digits at the start of the fall 2011 semester. The University of Northern Iowa offers classes up to 7999. The College of William and Mary uses 5 digits for course reference numbers (CRNs). The CRN's first digit is 2 for a spring class, 3 for

663-636: Is known as "trote" (lit. "prank") there. The first known hazing episode in Brazil happened in 1831 at the Law School of Olinda and resulted in the death of a student. In 1999, a Chinese Brazilian calouro of the University of São Paulo Medicine School named Edison Tsung Chi Hsueh  [ pt ] was found dead at the institution's swimming pool; this has since become one of the most well known episodes of violent hazing and has received extensive national media coverage since that year. The term "first year"

702-466: Is used for a first-year student at university or college. The student orientation period at Canadian universities is often called "Frosh week." Mechón or mechona is used for the first-year students of University of Chile , a term that has spread to the rest of the universities in the country. The term brucoš is used for either first-year college or university students or students who haven't yet passed any exams. Some Asian countries use

741-620: The Ministry of Education. As for the private universities, all are under the management of the Ministry of Education. The current Vietnamese government also maintains a national key university policy. This is a list of universities with high achievements and training quality, classified according to the scientific fields that the university offers. These universities will receive more benefits in operation and management, for example: priority to receive support packages to build training programs and facilities, approve projects to open new majors and education programs, being able to educate and self-award

780-453: The Ministry of National Defense. The Minister of National Defense sets admission standards for each academy such as candidate's background, entry health, quota,... Meanwhile, the Ministry of Education and Training supports the academies. organize and operate teaching and management activities, as well as on behalf of the Ministry of National Defense, receive input enrollment documents and manage output graduation records. Academies in bold are on

819-490: The Prime Minister issued Decision No. 1512/QD-TTg on the transformation of Trường Đại học Bách khoa Hà Nội into Đại học Bách khoa Hà Nội . Accordingly, Hanoi University of Science and Technology became the sixth university system in Vietnam. Currently, some universities such as National Economics University , University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City are preparing projects to become university systems, and are waiting for

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858-416: The approval of Ministry of Education and Training . List of universities in Vietnam divided by management organizations including ministries, associations or central-level special units in Vietnam. Universities in bold are on the national key university list. The Vietnam Buddhist Sangha is the national organization of Buddhism Community in Vietnam, only orthodox religious organization in Vietnam that

897-471: The beginning of their first year of university are often known in England and Wales as freshers ; however, the term ' first years ' is also used. The first week of term before lessons is widely known as freshers' week , when there are usually no classes, and students take part in induction events and fairs; but this arrangement is not universal. As freshers are newcomers to the institutions and often experience

936-464: The condition that they will be jointly managed by the Ministry of Education and Training and the Board of Directors of the corporation. The Ministry of Education and Training manages educational expertise, and issues related to building training programs, teaching and managing students,... while the Board of Directors manages issues about financial expenditure, investment attraction, and operational structure of

975-481: The control of the Prime Minister of Vietnam. Regional universities ( đại học vùng ) are university systems under the management of the Ministry of Education and Training. Their organization and operation are similar to VNUs, but the directors will work with the Minister of MOET instead of the Prime Minister. Can Tho University is completing the project of upgrading to the fourth regional university. On December 5, 2022,

1014-459: The course number usually designates its level, or relative difficulty, of the course, and may roughly correspond the year of study in which the course is likely to be taken (e. g. 1 for freshman , 2 for sophomore , 3 for junior , 4 for senior in undergraduate courses, and 5 and above for graduate courses). Correspondingly, "a 200-level course" (pronounced "two hundred") would mean a sophomore-level course. The attribution of digits other than

1053-608: The education system, these private universities are only equivalent to a public specialized university. All universities in Vietnam are managed by a corresponding central authority, most of which are managed by the Ministry of Education and Training. Some are managed by ministries and other government organizations such as the Ministry of Construction , the Ministry of Health , the Vietnam Women's Union , etc. However, these organizations only manage professional issues (consultations, specialized knowledge), and remains in consultation with

1092-413: The end of S1. The first year of primary education in Scotland is known as Primary 1 ( P1 ). At the four ancient Scottish universities the traditional names for the four years at university are Bejan ("Bejant" at the University of St Andrews ) (1st), Semi (2nd), Tertian (3rd) and Magistrand (4th), though all Scottish universities will have a "freshers' week" (as with all British universities) and

1131-564: The entire programme (usually referred to by students and outsiders). Courses are made up of individual sessions, typically on a fixed weekly schedule. There are different formats of course in universities: Many courses combine these formats. Lecture courses often include weekly discussion sections with smaller groups of students led by the principal instructor, another instructor, or teaching assistant . Laboratory courses often combine lectures, discussion sections, and laboratory sessions. Students are expected to do various kinds of work for

1170-642: The equivalent terms being year sevens for the first year of secondary school and first years , lower sixths and year twelves used at sixth forms . First year (also known as S1 in Scotland) is the first year of schooling in secondary schools in Scotland and is roughly equivalent to Year 8 (Second Form) in England and Wales and Year 9 (Second Form) in Northern Ireland. Most pupils are 12 or 13 years old at

1209-469: The first is even less standardized, but in general, sequences of related courses tend to have consecutive numbers, indicating prerequisites or recommended sequence. So, for instance, a college may not allow students to enroll in English 201 before they have passed English 101 and 102. It is common for the middle digit(s) to indicate the subfield in the department within which the course is offered − for example, in

Course (education) - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-480: The first two years of university, as well as additional courses in other languages of India in the third and fourth years of study. In addition to these required courses, however, students would choose among several third- and fourth-year elective courses on topics not directly related to India, such as the history and culture of China , Japan or Indonesia . In the United States, most colleges and universities use

1287-588: The first year of university. Freshmen/women are regarded as socially inept. In much of the Arab world , a first-year is called a mubtadi' ( مبتدئ ; plural مبتدئون , mubtadi'ūn ), which is Arabic for "beginner". In Brazil , students that pass the vestibulares and begin studying in a college or university are called "calouros" or more informally "bixos" ("bixetes" for girls), an alternate spelling of "bicho", which means "animal" (although commonly used to refer to bugs). Calouros are often subject to hazing , which

1326-669: The national key university list. These Universities and Institutes also operate similarly to the military academies above. However, the governing body of police academies is the Ministry of Public Security instead of the Ministry of National Defense. These are local universities, under the management of the government and the people's committees of the provinces. These universities are usually multidisciplinary but small in size. Private universities in Vietnam are set up by private companies/corporations and provide higher education services similar to public universities. The Vietnamese government allows corporations to set up private universities on

1365-487: The operation of the school, however, it has the right to ask the directors to explain their management activities to ensure compliance with the provisions of Vietnamese law. Normally, these universities have the right to enroll students by separate methods, independent of the general regulations of the Vietnamese Ministry of Education. Freshman A freshman , fresher , first year , or colloquially frosh ,

1404-455: The required courses. The term elective is also used for a period of medical study conducted away from the student's home medical school , often abroad. Motivations for choosing such a program include a wish to experience other cultures and to learn how to work in the clinical situations in other countries. Typically, North American universities require students to achieve both breadth of knowledge across disciplines and depth of knowledge in

1443-455: The same names as used in the United States (freshman, sophomore , junior, senior), among them Malaysia . In some elite institutions in France, freshman/woman is called "cagne", the etymology of which is from Middle Age French, meaning "weighed down by the books", "lame because weighed down by books." In Germany , a first-semester student of a university program (Bachelor, Master, State exam etc)

1482-907: The term is as widely used with more traditional terms. Freshman is commonly in use as a US English idiomatic term to describe a beginner or novice, someone who is naive, a first effort, instance, or a student in the first year of study (generally referring to high school or university study). New members of Congress in their first term are referred to as freshmen senators or freshmen congressmen or congresswomen , no matter how experienced they were in previous government positions. High school first year students are almost exclusively referred to as freshmen, or in some cases by their grade year, 9th graders . Second year students are sophomores, or 10th graders , then juniors or 11th graders , and finally seniors or 12th graders . At college or university, freshman denotes students in their first year of study. The grade designations of high school are not used, but

1521-442: The university. This list includes universities in Vietnam but established and managed by international organizations or foreign governments. Unlike universities established under the cooperation between the Vietnamese government and foreign governments (for example, VGU, VJU, VKU,...), the universities in this list are under the independent management of a foreign organization/government. The Vietnamese government does not interfere in

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