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38-589: Elba Ramalho (born August 17, 1951) is a Brazilian singer and songwriter. She is sometimes called "The Queen of Forró ". In addition to her successful solo career, Elba has collaborated with a number of well-established Brazilian acts, including Alceu Valença and her first cousin Zé Ramalho . In 2019, her album O Ouro do Pó da Estrada was nominated for the Latin Grammy Award for Best Portuguese Language Roots Album . On 2021, she received another nomination for

76-468: A different song for each crop, and for each phase of the collection. As the farmers and field hands corralled cows and carried crops from the fields into the houses and cafes, the songs came with them, and everybody joined in singing together. From there, talented local singers began performing the songs at parties and gatherings, and sometimes they did informal competitions with competing viola ( guitar ) players in freestyle rap-like improvisations. Originally

114-468: A fainter and drier sound on the other beats. The zabumba, which is played on both sides, on one side giving a grave sound and on the other a sharp whip-like sound, plays the syncopated rhythms essential to forró. Forró makes heavy use of the escala nordestina (literally North-eastern scale), which could be characterised as being a mixture of the Lydian and Mixo-lydian modes. The North-eastern scale represents

152-502: A housewife, Gonzaga was attracted to the accordion at a very early age, and he used to accompany his father at parties and religious celebrations. He later went to do his military service, where he learned to play the cornet . On leaving the army he decided to remain in Rio de Janeiro , performing in the streets and in bars. After noticing that the north-eastern people living in Rio de Janeiro missed

190-511: A reference to the traditional combination of accordion, triangle and zabumba): Starting in the 1990s, forró music experienced renewed aesthetics, becoming a more "commercial" genre of Brazilian pop music. A forró music industry developed in Northeastern Brazil in that decade, when many new bands (with names like "Mastruz Com Leite" and "Limão Com Mel") were started, bands that used drums , electronic keyboards and electric guitars , and

228-426: Is danced usually very close together, with the leader's left hand holding the follower's right hand, the leader's right arm around the follower's back and the follower's left arm around the leader's neck. Other styles may require to stay partially away, or in a considerable distance, only holding their hands up the shoulders. Influences from Cuban salsa , Samba de Gafieira and zouk has given mobility to forró, with

266-708: Is played by a trio combination of This combination of instruments was defined as the base of forró by Luiz Gonzaga . Before Gonzaga other combinations have been commonly used. The combination of triangle with accordion is a combination that has already existed in European folk music before and is also used in Cajun music in the United States. Forró thus conserves a format of a small ensemble with multiple (in this case two) percussionists, something that also used to be common in Europe and

304-550: Is the view held by Brazilian folklorist Luís da Câmara Cascudo , who studied the Brazilian Northeast through most of his life. Forrobodó is believed to come from the word forbodó (itself a corruption of fauxbourdon ), which was used in the Portuguese court to define a dull party. The word forrobodó is itself very common in Portuguese popular conversation to describe a fun, but almost depraved and limitless party. This word

342-529: The Central Northeastern Portuguese , is usually pronounced as a voiced or voiceless glottal fricative , in the beginning of words or "rr" digraph. Luiz Gonzaga Luiz Gonzaga do Nascimento (standard orthography 'Luís'; Portuguese pronunciation: [luˈiz ɡõˈzaɡɐ] ; December 13, 1912 – August 2, 1989) was a Brazilian singer, songwriter, musician and poet and one of the most influential figures of Brazilian popular music in

380-468: The universitário (university) forró that developed later in the South. Nordestino forró is danced with the couple much closer together, with their legs often inter-twined and a characteristic sideways shuffle movement. Because of the intimacy, there are not as many step variations in this style. Universitário forró, with its origins in the big southern cities of Brazil, is the more popular style outside of

418-455: The 1970s and 1980s, he slowly re-emerged, partly due to covers of his songs by famous artists like Geraldo Vandré , Caetano Veloso , Gilberto Gil , his son Gonzaguinha and Milton Nascimento . Some of his greatest hits are "Vozes da Seca" ("Voices From Drought"), "Algodão" ("Cotton"), "A Dança da Moda" ("The Dance in Fashion"), "ABC do Sertão" ("The ABC of Sertão"), "Derramaro o Gai" ("They Spilt

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456-496: The Beatles . He is widely recognized for single-handedly taking the baião style and the accordion to a wide audience. RCA (now BMG ), his recording label, was almost exclusively dedicated to printing his singles and albums . During the 1960s, as the public taste shifted to bossa nova and iê-iê-iê , he found himself increasingly stranded from big city stages, so he toured the countryside, where his popularity never abated. In

494-891: The Gas"), "A Letra I" ("The 'i' letter"), "Imbalança" ("Shake It"), "A Volta da Asa-Branca" ("The Return of The Picazuro Pigeon "), "Cintura Fina" ("Slender Waist"), "O Xote das Meninas" ("The Girls' Schottische", written with Zé Dantas, and "Juazeiro", "Paraíba", "Mangaratiba", "Baião-de-Dois", "No Meu Pé de Serra" ("There in My Homeland"), "Assum Preto" ("Blue-back Grassquit"), "Légua Tirana" ("Tyrannical league"), "Qui Nem Jiló" ("Like Solanum gilo", written with Humberto Teixeira . Other successful collaborations resulted in "Tá Bom Demais" ("It's So Good") (with Onildo de Almeida), "Danado de Bom" ("Damn Good") (with João Silva), "Dezessete e Setecentos" ("Seventeen And Seven hundred") and "Cortando o Pano" ("Cutting Cloth") (both with Miguel Lima). The surname Gonzaga

532-628: The North-East". The lyrics are about leaving the rural home in the Sertão because of drought, and about hope to be able to return when the rain will fall again on the dry, barren land of the Sertão. The rain will be announced by the arrival of asa branca , a certain white winged bird, which only flies there if it rains (there is a recent American version played by the group Forro in the Dark featuring David Byrne ). In

570-521: The Northeast. Its basic step is forward-backwards — slightly similar to traditional bolero or salsa in line. With more space between the pair, many more moves, steps and turns are possible than in Nordestino styles. The more common steps include: Universitário forró supposedly evolved from (and is very similar to) the pé-de-serra/baião styles, while Nordestino is used to refer to the styles more like

608-517: The Portuguese, who use the Rabeca Chuleira (Portugal having absorbed Arab influence dating back to the Moor's occupation from 711–1300 AD), or with the great Arab migrations to northeastern Brazil in the late 1800s to 1930s from Syria and Lebanon. There are several theories on the origin of the name. The main theory is that forró as a derivative of forrobodó , meaning "great party" or "commotion". This

646-420: The United States before the era of the drum set. This combination of instruments serves rather as a base and is not fixed, incorporating sometimes other instruments such as fiddle , flute , pandeiro , bass , cavaquinho and acoustic guitar . The combination of zabumba and triangle is almost always part of the rhythm section of any forró group. The accordion is always part of a forró ensemble, apart from

684-472: The baião (a word originated from baiano and assigned a warm-up for artists to search for inspiration before playing) into a more sophisticated rhythm. In later years, forró achieved popularity throughout Brazil, in the form of a slower genre known as xote , that has been influenced by pop-rock music to become more acceptable by Brazilian youth of Southeast, South and Central regions. A compilation album titled Brazil: Forró - Music for Maids and Taxi Drivers

722-477: The basis of a large part of the more traditional forró and the forró pé-de-serra, similar to the way the blues scale is the basis for the music of the Mississippi Delta. The escala nordestina is most evident in pieces such as "Vem Morena", baião of Luiz Gonzaga . The accordion is the typical melody instrument used in forró, and is sometimes called the "Soul of Forró" or the "Soul of the Sertão ", referring

760-494: The borders of the Northeast into the Southeast. As part of the popular culture it is in constant change. The dance known as college forró is the most common style between the middle-class students of colleges and universities in the Southeast, having influences of other dances like salsa and samba-rock. The traditional music used to dance the forró was brought to the Southeast from the Northeast by Luiz Gonzaga , who transformed

798-405: The first time to perform live, and got hyped. Later on, as well as playing popular tunes on the accordion, he began to sing his own material, and his skills as a songwriter were revealed. His greatest hit ever, " Asa Branca " (written with Humberto Teixeira ), was recorded in 1947 and covered countless times by many artists. He worked on the radio until 1954, enjoying huge popularity. He became (in

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836-465: The follower— and occasionally the leader— being spun, although it's not essential to spin at all. The more complex movements may prove impossible to be executed in the usually crowded dancing area of forrós. Below is a list of the most popular styles of forró in Brazil: Xote originally has its roots in the schottische . Miudinho and puladinho can be danced to baião music and even to arrasta-pé, but in

874-630: The large metal triangle, zabumba ( Afro-Brazilian drum) and guitar (called the violão) were the main instruments. Later on, with the French immigration between 1850 and 1950, the accordion was added to typical forró bands. The rabec, known as the Brazilian fiddle, joined the forró sound as well. The rebec has sephardic origins, and is possibly descended from the Arabic "rabeba" which may have arrived in Brazil by way of

912-449: The latter the leg work is so intense that it's impracticable. Some people like to include brega/calypso in the forró category, because this dance has suffered much influence of forró throughout the decades, but it's danced to its own rhythm (not to be confused with calypso music ). Forró dancing styles are informally often grouped into two main "families", simply for practical reasons: The older Nordestino (north-eastern) type of forró and

950-412: The location. Forró is danced in pairs. There are two dance roles , one of the leader and one of the follower . Especially in European forró communities, there is a trend to break and discuss the traditional gender roles of leading men and following women. Unlike many other social dances it becomes more and more common to see same-sex couples on the dance floor or leading women and following men. Forró

988-777: The lyrics of the songs became more similar to the lyrics of the sertanejo genre of Brazilian music, talking about romantic relationships and similar themes. Due to the use of electric guitars and electronic keyboards this new kind of forró music was initially called forró eletrônico ("electronic forró" in Portuguese). In the following decades this new kind of forró became much more popular in Northeastern Brazil than "traditional" forró. There are various rhythms of forró: xote (a slower-paced rhythm), baião (the original forró) and arrasta-pé (the fastest), and forró itself. Amongst these there are many styles of dancing, which varies from region to region, and may be known by different names according to

1026-414: The more recent genre of forró universitario, lyrics have a much more urban flavour and relate more to life of a young urbanized middle class, as lyrics found nowadays in rock music. As in many other musical styles, lyrics are also often about love and romance, passion, jealousy, or reminiscing about an ex-lover. Today various musical instruments are used in the various styles of forró (although always with

1064-480: The music from their home states, he started to give listeners the sort of music they craved to hear: xaxados , baiões , chamegos and cocos . At Ary Barroso 's talent show, Luiz Gonzaga played his chamego "Vira e Mexe" and was acclaimed by the audience and by the host, who gave him the highest score. After discovering this niche in the market, Gonzaga became a regular at radio shows and started making records. In 1943, he dressed up in typical north-eastern costumes for

1102-808: The original xote . The first forró festival outside Brazil was in 2008; 'Forró de Domingo' in Stuttgart , Germany and since its last edition in 2018, it was the biggest forró festival outside Brazil. A dance performance from the 2014 edition has more than 54 million views on YouTube and is the most watched forró performance on this platform. Today, there are many more annually forró festivals celebrated in Germany and other parts of Europe. Since 2016, festivals have also been organised in North America, Russia, Oceania and Japan. In 2019, over 70 international festivals were planned outside of Brazil. Guttural R , when spoken in

1140-412: The region where Forró has originated. As forró diversified away from its roots, it has incorporated other influences, and more significantly, diversified into quite distinct musical styles. Forró lyrics have changed with time and regarding the subgenre, as the music moved from being a purely North-Eastern music genre to being a genre popular all across Brazil. Traditionally, lyrics were about life in

1178-406: The rural North-East (in particular the Sertão ) and other North-Eastern themes, such as concerns about droughts, migration to look for work and thus about longing or homesickness ( saudade ). An example of this is the probably most emblematic (anonymous) song " Asa Branca ", made famous across all of Brazil in the 1940s by Luiz Gonzaga , sometimes also called the "Hymn of the Sertão" or "Hymn of

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1216-536: The same category, this time for the album Eu e Vocês . This article about a Brazilian actor is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Forr%C3%B3 A theory on the origin of forró music is that it originated on the farms and plantations in Pernambuco and all over northeast Brazil , where farmers and workers used to sing to the cows and together with each other as they gathered coffee and other crops like sugarcane, corn, and vegetables. They had

1254-448: The sub-style of "forró rabecado", where the accordion is replaced by a fiddle. The triangle keeps an ongoing pulse on all the sixteenth notes of the 4 beat, while accentuating the third sixteenth. In this sense, the function can be compared to the rhythm guitar or the hi-hat of the drum set in rock music , although the triangle accentuates the third beat more strongly with its high pitched metallic sound, being damped to give

1292-525: The twentieth century. He has been credited with having presented the rich universe of Northeastern musical genres to all of Brazil, having popularized the musical genre baião and has been called a "revolutionary" by Antônio Carlos Jobim . According to Caetano Veloso , he was the first significant cultural event with mass appeal in Brazil . Luiz Gonzaga received the Shell prize for Brazilian Popular Music in 1984 and

1330-399: The words of Caetano Veloso , Caderno de Confessões Brasileiras, 1988) a "pop music" star, taking a genre straight from folklore to the pop music, creating with the combination of accordion , zabumba , and triangle (which became later the basic ensemble for Forró ) one of the western world's first "small pop music ensembles", ten years before the popularization of the rock music ensemble by

1368-464: Was carried by Portuguese migration waves to Brazil, and lost the light negative meaning and was slowly simplified by their children. Forró is the most popular genre of music and dance in Brazil's Northeast, to the extent that historically "going to the forró" meant simply going to party or going out. The music is based on a combination of three instruments ( accordion , zabumba and a metal triangle). The dance however becomes very different as you cross

1406-413: Was only the fourth artist to receive this prize after Pixinguinha , Antônio Carlos Jobim and Dorival Caymmi . The Luiz Gonzaga Dam was named in his honor. Gonzaga's son, Luiz Gonzaga do Nascimento Jr, known as Gonzaguinha (1945–1991), was also a noted Brazilian singer and composer. Son of Januário José dos Santos (1888–1978), a farmer and accordion player, and Anna Batista de Jesus (1893–1960),

1444-461: Was released internationally in 1989, and was nominated for a Grammy Award in the United States two years later. Forró, referring to the music and not the dance, encompasses today various musical styles. The original musical style, from which have grown most of the musical styles today denoted as forró, was the forró of Luiz Gonzaga (and others such as Jackson do Pandeiro and Marinês). This musical style, commonly called also forró pé-de-serra ,

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