Misplaced Pages

#99900

50-588: (Redirected from Ejin Horo ) Ejinhoro may refer to: Ejin Horo Banner , subdivision of Inner Mongolia, China Ejinhoro Formation , geological formation in Inner Mongolia, China Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Ejinhoro . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

100-530: A AAAA-rated tourist attraction . Replicas of the former relics were made, and a great marble statue of Genghis was completed in 1989. Priests at the museum now claim that all of the Red Guards who desecrated the tomb have died in abnormal ways, suffering a kind of curse. Mongolians continued to complain about the poor state of the mausoleum. A 2001 proposal for its refurbishment was finally approved in 2004. Unrelated houses, stores, and hotels were removed from

150-601: A Mongolian separatist movement. The yurts and their relics were to be removed to Qinghai either at their armed insistence or at Shagdarjab's invitation. (Accounts differ.) The Japanese still attempted to use the cult of Genghis Khan to fan Mongolian nationalism; from 1941–4, the IJA colonel Kanagawa Kosaku constructed a separate mausoleum in Ulan Hot consisting of 3 main buildings in a 6 hectares (15 acres) estate. Once in Chinese hands,

200-1236: A Tourist Education Centre, the Sacrificial Sightseeing District, the Mongolian Folk Custom Village, the Shenquan Ecological Tourism Region, the Nadam Equestrian Sport Centre, and the Hot Air Balloon Club. The tomb complex consists of the Main Hall, the Imperial Burial Palace, the Western Hall, the Eastern Hall, the Western Corridor, and the Eastern Corridor. The Main Hall (正殿) is octagonal, 24.18 m (79.3 ft) high, and covers about 2,000 m (0.49 acres). It

250-698: A growing practice in the Mongolian shamanism of both Inner Mongolia , where the mausoleum is located, and Mongolia . The mausoleum is located in the Kandehuo Enclosure in the town of Xinjie, in the Ejin Horo Banner in the city of Ordos , Inner Mongolia, in China . The main hall is actually a cenotaph where the coffin contains no body (only headdresses and accessories), because the actual tomb of Genghis Khan has never been discovered. The present structure

300-628: A letter from the Beijing office overseeing Mongolia and Tibet ordered Arbinbayar , the head of the Ihe Juu League , that [As] the Black Sülde has been an object of veneration associated with Genghis Khan since the Yuan Dynasty and has been worshipped in our China for some thousand years, it is therefore definitely not allowed that it should be given to those stupid Khalkha who rudely fail to understand

350-591: A member of the Nationalists' provincial committee, wrote the booklet China's National Hero Genghis Khan ( t   《 中華 民族 英雄 成吉思汗 》 , s   《 中华 民族 英雄 成吉思汗 》 , Zhōnghuá Mínzú Yīngxióng Chéngjísī Hán ) to commemorate the event, listing the khan as a great Chinese leader in the mold of the First Emperor , Emperor Wu , and Emperor Taizong . A few days later, the Gansu governor Zhu Shaoliang held

400-576: A new sign for it in his calligraphy , reading "Genghis Khan Memorial Hall " ( t   成吉思汗 紀念堂 , s   成吉思汗 纪念堂 , Chéngjísī Hán Jìniàntáng ). As part of the Second United Front , it was allowed to pass out of the Communist controlled area to Xi'an , where Shaanxi governor Jiang Dingwen officiated another religious ritual before a crowd of tens of thousands on 25 June. (Accounts vary from thirty to 200,000.) Li Yiyan ,

450-422: A planned community called Ulanmulun New Village, and has a capacity of 936 families. Because of ground instability, coal mines producing less than 300,000 were shut down in 2000; those producing less than 600,000 tons annually were closed in 2007, drastically reducing the total number of mines in the area. An industrial park that will focus on the manufacture of equipment for coal mining and fossil fuel extraction

500-499: A second ceremony to break ground on a permanent temple to house the objects and the khan's cult, again approved and paid for by China's central government. By 1956, this new temple was completed, greatly expanding the purview of the original shrine. Rather than having eight separate shrines throughout Ejin Horo for the Great Khan, his wives, and his children, all were placed together; a further 20 sacred and venerated objects from around

550-553: A similar ritual before enshrining the khan's relics at the Dongshan Dafo Dian on Xinglong Mountain in Yuzhong County . The Gansu government sent soldiers and a chief official for the shrine and brought the remaining Darkhad onto the provincial government's payroll; the original 500 Darkhad were reduced to a mere seven or eight. Following this 900 km (560 mi) journey, the shrine remained there for ten years. At

SECTION 10

#1733085359100

600-516: Is a large, privately owned museum and park dedicated to Genghis Khan. There is also a hotel and there are many tourist ger camps in the area, some of which have horses and offer short trail rides . Buses make regular stops in the Ejin Horo Banner when traveling along China National Highway 210 . The nearest train station is about 33 km (21 mi) away in Dongsheng . Ordos Airport

650-471: Is a new interchange on highway 210 leading directly to the site. After Genghis Khan died in or around Gansu on 12 July AD   1227, his remains were supposedly carried back to central Mongolia and buried secretly and without markings, in accordance with his personal directions. His actual burial site remains unknown but was almost certainly not in Ejin Horo, which had only recently been conquered from

700-465: Is guarded by the Darkhad or Darqads ("Untouchables"), who also oversee its religious festivals, stop tourists from taking photographs, keep candles lit, and watch over the site's keys and books. The 30 or so official Darkhad at the mausoleum are paid about 4000   RMB a month for their services. Mongols gather four times annually: There is also a major ceremony in honor of the Black Sülde on

750-552: Is in the area. Mausoleum of Genghis Khan The Mausoleum of Genghis Khan is a mausoleum dedicated to Genghis Khan , where he is worshipped as ancestor, dynastic founder, and deity. The mausoleum is better called the Lord's Enclosure (i.e. shrine), the traditional name among the Mongols , as it has never truly contained the Khan's body. It is the main centre of the worship of Genghis Khan,

800-620: Is located at an elevation of 1,350 m (4,430 ft) on the Gandeli or Gande'er Prairie about 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Xilian and about 30 km (19 mi) south of the county seat of Ejin Horo Banner , Inner Mongolia . It is the namesake of its surrounding banner, whose name translates from Mongolian as "the Lord's Enclosure". The site is 115 km (71 mi) north of Yulin ; 55 km (34 mi) south of Dongsheng ; and 185 km (115 mi) from Baotou . There

850-667: Is named for the Mausoleum of Genghis Khan , whose Mongolian name Ejin Horo translates as "the Lord's Enclosure". The Ejin Horo Banner, as part of Ordos City , lies on a plateau in the southern portion of the Ordos Desert . The land surface consists primarily of arid grassland or sandy dunes. A tributary of the Yellow River flows through the banner. Ejin Horo Banner is made up of 7 towns . Others: Pasture degradation, soil erosion, and desertification were ongoing problems during

900-562: Is shaped like a flying eagle as a symbol of the khan's bravery and adventurousness. Its plaque, reading "Mausoleum of Genghis Khan", was written by Ulanhu in 1985. The site includes a 5 m (16 ft) high statue of Genghis Khan and two murals about his life, including a wall map of the extent of the Mongol Empire . The Imperial Burial Palace (寢宮) or Back Palace (後殿) is 20 m (66 ft) high and covers about 5.5 ha (14 acres). It has three yurts with yellow silk roofs;

950-521: Is under construction in the banner. The total cost is expected to be around 10 billion yuan (US$ 1.46 billion), but is expected to produce 8,000 new jobs, and a potential 40,000 secondary jobs. The Ejin Horo Banner is also known as the location of the Mausoleum of Genghis Khan . Ethnic Mongolians in China have made pilgrimages to the mausoleum for decades, especially during the annual Naadam Festival every summer. In recent years, there has been an increase in

1000-728: The Tangut Empire . Without a body, the Mongols honored the khan's memory and spirit through his personal effects. These ceremonies allegedly date to the same year as his death. Kublai Khan built temples for his grandfather's cult in Daidu and Shangdu . Nine "palaces" for rituals concerning his cult were maintained by an imperial official in Karakorum . After the fall of the Yuan in 1368, these permanent structures were replaced by portable mausoleums called

1050-551: The reasoning of Heaven . In 1915, Zhang Xiangwen ( t   張 相 文 , s   张 相 文 , p   Zhāng Xiāngwén , w   Chang Hsiang-wen) began the scholarly controversy over the site of Genghis Khan's tomb by publishing an article claiming that it was in Ejin Horo. During World War II , Prince Demchugdongrub , the notional leader of the Japanese puppet government in Mongolia , ordered that

SECTION 20

#1733085359100

1100-627: The "eight white yurts " ( naiman tsagaan ger ). These had originally been palaces where the khan had lived, but were altered to mausoleums by Ögedei Khan . These yurts were first encamped at Avraga site at the base of the Khentii Mountains in Delgerkhaan in Mongolia 's Khentii Province . The shrine was entrusted to caretakers known as the Darkhad . Their leader was chosen from the Borjigin clan and

1150-507: The 14th day of the 7th lunar month. They follow traditional ceremonies, such as offering flowers and food to Heaven ( Tengri ). The ritual sacrifice to the spirit of Genghis Khan was listed as national-level intangible cultural heritage in 2006, and the sacrifice to the Black Sülde was given similar status at the provincial level in 2007. After the ceremonies, there are Naadam competitions, primarily wrestling , horse-riding , and archery , but also singing . The mausoleum complex

1200-435: The Ejin Horo Banner are estimated to be about 27.8 billion tons, which includes coal and natural gas. Although coal mining is of paramount importance to the regional economy, the poorly regulated industry has undermined parts of the area so badly that the ground surface has become unstable in places. Because of the relentless coal extraction, parts of one village began caving in; the residents were re-located starting in 2008 to

1250-636: The Genghis Khan Mausoleum averaged about 8000 visitors a day during its peak season and about 200 visitors a day at other times. The site is overseen by the Genghis Khan Mausoleum Administration Bureau. It was headed by Chageder and then Mengkeduren in the early 2000s. The present Genghis Khan Mausoleum Scenic Area stretches about 15 km × 30 km (9.3 mi × 18.6 mi), covering about 225 km (87 sq mi) in total. It consists of

1300-504: The Ordos were also brought to the new site. The government also mandated that the main ritual would be held in the summer rather than in the third lunar month, in order to make it more convenient for the headers to maintain their spring work schedules. With the Darkhads no longer liable for personally paying for maintenance of the shrine, most accepted these changes. An especially large celebration

1350-779: The Sulede Altar, the Sightseeing District for the Protection of Historic Relics, the Conservation District for Ecosystem Preservation, the Development-Restricted District of Visual Spectacles, the 4 km (2.5 mi) long Sacred Pathway of Genghis Khan between the entrance and the cenotaph, the 16 km (9.9 mi) long scenic pathway around the Bayinchanghuo Prairie, a Tourist Activity Centre,

1400-555: The area of the Ejin Horo Banner, with the construction or improvement of roads, transportation centers, and accommodation for travelers and tourists. It is the site of the Mausoleum of Genghis Khan , a AAAAA-rated tourist attraction that does not contain the body of Genghis Khan or, since the Cultural Revolution , any authentic artifacts from his life but which remains important as a cult site in Mongolian religion. The banner

1450-419: The area of the mausoleum to a separate area 3 km (1.9 mi) away and replaced with new structures in the same style as the mausoleum. The 150-million- RMB (about $ 20 million) improvement plan was carried out from 2005 to 2006, improving the site's infrastructure, expanding its courtyard, and decorating and repairing its existing buildings and walls. The China National Tourism Administration named

1500-501: The central yurt houses the coffins of Genghis Khan and one of his four wives and the side yurts house the coffins of his brothers. Genghis Khan's coffin is silver decorated with engraved roses and a golden lock; weapons allegedly used by Genghis lie around it. There are also two other coffins for another two of his consorts. The site's main altar lies in front of this yurt. The cenotaph and its placement are highly unusual in China, which usually follows Han principles like feng shui in

1550-669: The conclusion of the Chinese Civil War , the Nationalist guard at the temple fled before the Communist advance into Gansu in the summer of 1949. Plans were put forward to move the khan's shrine to the Alxa League in western Inner Mongolia or to Mount Emei in Sichuan . Ultimately, Qinghai's local warlord Ma Pufang intervened and moved it 200 km (120 mi) west to Kumbum Monastery near his capital Xining , consecrating it with

Ejinhoro - Misplaced Pages Continue

1600-510: The establishment of Suiyuan Province the next year. The district's Communists set up rituals honouring Genghis Khan in the early 1950s, but abolished the traditional religious offices surrounding them like the Jinong and controlled the cult through local committees with loyal Party cadres. Without the relics, they relied largely on singing and dancing groups. In 1953, the PRC's central government approved

1650-500: The help of local and Mongolian lamas under Ulaan Gegen . Following the Communist conquest of Xining a few months later, the Communist general He Banyan sacrificed three sheep to the khan and offered ceremonial scarves ( hadag ) and a banner reading "National Hero" ( 民族 英雄 , Mínzú Yīngxióng ) to the temple housing his shrine. Ejin Horo fell to the Communists at the end of 1949 and was controlled by their Northwest Bureau until

1700-521: The late 20th century. From the 1950s through the 1970s, the use of fuel wood and overgrazing from sheep and goats caused up to an estimated annual loss of 1,000 km (390 sq mi) of arable land. During the 1980s, the rate decreased substantially due to government programs and the availability of coal as a household fuel. The top industries are coal mining and extraction, mineral extraction, chemical engineering, sheep and goat herding, and cashmere production. Total fossil fuel reserves beneath

1750-503: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ejinhoro&oldid=932810209 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Ejin Horo Banner China's growing economy has led, in recent years, to increased development in

1800-411: The lives of Genghis Khan and his descendants. The site uses a five-colour scheme of blue, red, white, gold, and green to represent the multiethnic nature of Genghis Khan's empire and also the sky, sun and fire, milk, earth, and prairie. Genghis Khan worship is a practice of Mongolian shamanism . There are other mausoleums dedicated to this cult in Inner Mongolia and Northern China. The mausoleum

1850-462: The mobile tomb and its relics be moved to avoid a supposed "Chinese plot to plunder it". This was rebuffed by the local leader Shagdarjab , who claimed that the shrines could never be moved and locals would resist any attempt to do so. When he accepted Japanese weaponry to defend it, however, the Nationalist government became alarmed at the possibility of Japan using the cult of Genghis Khan to lead

1900-422: The number of tourists visiting the site, often wealthy urban Chinese on domestic excursions. Local entrepreneurs are attempting to accommodate these visitors, and capitalize on the new situation; government subsidies reflect an attempt to stimulate the improvement of tourist facilities, which have held a AAAAA rating from China's National Tourism Administration since 2011. The mausoleum does not claim to contain

1950-427: The placement of tombs, employing mountains, rivers, and forests in the belief that this increases its spiritual power. The Eastern Hall or Palace (東殿) is 20 m (66 ft) high. It holds the coffin of Tolui (Genghis Khan's 4th and favourite son) and his wife Sorghaghtani . The Western Hall or Palace (西殿) is 23 m (75 ft) high. It holds nine banners with holy arrows thought to house or connect with

2000-450: The recently-formed Inner Mongolian provincial government's request for 800,000   RMB to create the present permanent structures. Early the next year, the central government permitted the return of the objects at Kumbum to the site being constructed at Ejin Horo. The region's chairman Ulanhu officiated at the first ritual after their return, decrying the Nationalists for having "stolen" them. After this ritual, he immediately held

2050-534: The relics did not go to Qinghai as planned. On 17 May 1939, 200 specially-selected Nationalist troops conveyed the relics to Yan'an , then the principal base of the Chinese Communists . Upon their arrival on 21 June 1939, the Communists held a large public sacrifice to Genghis Khan with a crowd of about ten thousand spectators; the Central Committee presented memorial wreathes ; and Mao Zedong produced

Ejinhoro - Misplaced Pages Continue

2100-456: The remains of Genghis Khan . A 17th-century source asserts that only the shirt, shoes, and tent of the great khan were buried at the Ejin Horo Banner, and even the few artifacts at the site were destroyed by Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution . There are other locations in Outer Mongolia that lay claim to the final resting place of Genghis Khan. Near the official Mausoleum, there

2150-525: The shrine also received 500 taels (about 16–17 kg or 35–37 lb) of silver each year to maintain its rituals. The site's rituals became more local, more open to lower-class people, and more Buddhist . The Mongolian prince Toghtakhutörü and the Darkhad built a permanent mausoleum in Setsen Khan Aimag in 1864. This traditional Chinese structure was described by a Belgian missionary in 1875 but

2200-548: The site a AAAAA-rated tourist attraction in 2011. On 10 July 2015, 20 tourists aged 33 to 74—10 South Africans , 9 Britons , and an Indian —were detained at Ordos Ejin Horo Airport , arrested on terrorism -related charges the next day, and ultimately deported from China after they watched a BBC documentary about Genghis Khan in their hotel rooms prior to visiting the mausoleum. Authorities had considered it "watching and spreading violent terrorist videos". In 2017,

2250-407: The soul of the Great Khan. They also represent 9 of Genghis's generals. It also holds Genghis's saddle and reins, some weapons, and some other objects like the khan's milk barrel. All of the items currently displayed are replicas. The 20 m (66 ft) high Eastern (東廊) and Western Corridors (西廊) connecting these halls are decorated with 150 m (1,600 sq ft) of murals about

2300-456: Was built between 1954 and 1956 by the government of the People's Republic of China in the traditional Mongol style. It was desecrated and its relics destroyed during the Cultural Revolution , but it was restored with replicas in the 1980s and remains the center of Genghis Khan worship . It was named a AAAAA-rated tourist attraction by China's National Tourism Administration in 2011. The cenotaph

2350-567: Was destroyed at the Panchen Lama 's suggestion in order to end an outbreak of plague among the Darkhad in early 20th century. Around the fall of the Qing , the mausoleum became notable as a symbol for Mongolian nationalists. The Buryat scholar Tsyben Zhamtsarano advocated a removal of the shrine to northern Mongolia c.  1910 . After the Mongolian Revolution , a sacrificial rite

2400-481: Was held for Genghis Khan to "bring peace and safety to... human beings and other creatures" and to "drive out bandits, thieves, illness, and other internal and external malefactions" in 1912. Some Mongolians planned to remove some of the ritual objects—particularly the Black Sülde, an allegedly magical heaven -sent trident —to the independent northern Mongolian territory from the Inner Mongolian shrine; in 1914,

2450-501: Was held in 1962 to mark the 800th anniversary of Genghis Khan's birth. In 1968, the Cultural Revolution 's Red Guards destroyed almost everything of value at the shrine. For 10 years, the buildings themselves were turned into a salt depot as part of preparations for a potential war with the Soviet Union . Following Deng Xiaoping 's Opening Up Policy , the site was restored by 1982 and sanctioned for " patriotic education " as

2500-595: Was known as the Jinong since the first, Kamala, had been appointed King of Jin . The Darkhad moved from the Kherlen River to the Ordos , which took its name ( Mongolian for "palaces") from the mausoleum's presence there. The caretakers oversaw commemorative and religious rituals and were visited by pilgrims . Mongol khans were also crowned at the yurts. Under the Qing , 500 Darkhad were exempted from military service and taxation;

#99900