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155-515: The municipality lies 6 km southeast of Lauterecken and 7 km east of Offenbach-Hundheim on Landesstraße 383. Einöllen is located on a mountain ridge between the Odenbach and Lauter valleys at elevations between 303 and 360 m above sea level . The highest elevation within municipal limits is the Sattelberg at 381 m above sea level. Wolfstein lies roughly 7 km away, while it

310-519: A Kreis (district) and are called kreisfreie Gemeinden , and when they do also not belong to any other Land they are also called Stadtstaaten (plural of Stadtstaat ), i.e. city-states ( Berlin and Hamburg ). These large municipalities (cities, in German Städte , plural of Stadt ) may be further divided into local offices named Ortsämter (plural of Ortsamt ), each of them possibly grouping several suburbs (or small townships in rural areas) of

465-465: A Swiss consortium . Likewise in business for a long time was a printing business called Giloi. Further businesses in the northeastern commercial-industrial development on Bundesstraße 420 were the Buhl leatherware factory (which made commercial articles) and the automotive-electric firm Hess/Gabel (Bosch-Dienst). Supermarkets have also located here. Because of its central location in the northern part of

620-420: A Protestant church and until a Catholic church was built, it had to be shared by the denominations . This church was torn down in the latter half of the 19th century, and right nearby arose the current Evangelical church in 1865–1866. Work on a new Catholic church began in 1845 and it was ready for use by 1853. The council is made up of 16 council members, who were elected by proportional representation at

775-618: A Prussian division crossed the border to come and quell the uprising. In 1852, the Catholic church was built, and in 1862 the Protestant church. These replaced the former simultaneous church , which had had to be shared by the denominations. Even during the Austro-Prussian War (1866), there was no fighting in Lauterecken. The only wartime event was a Prussian demand for four horses. In both

930-949: A bakery and a plant nursery . In the 18th and 19th centuries, there were limestone and coal mines in Einöllen. The Drostengrube near the Strieth woods yielded more than 500 t of black coal in 1781. According to the local lore, one gallery dating from this time reaches right under the village's built-up area. Until after the Second World War , Einöllen was strongly characterized by agriculture . Almost every family owned grain or potato fields, orchards and vegetable gardens. In 1940, Einöllen had 71 agricultural operations, more than half of which, 44, worked an area of between 2 and 10 ha, while two bigger ones worked areas of more than 20 ha. There were seven hereditary farms, of which six were of less than 20 ha and one more. Making up

1085-610: A court case before the Reichskammergericht , which lasted long after his death. Many books have appeared about Georg Johannes's life, including one published by Paul Kittel in 2003. In 1566, the Duke managed to expand the duchy by adding Electoral Palatinate territories, in particular the County of Lützelstein in Alsace , where he later moved the seat of his residence. The county palatine now bore

1240-454: A dearth of other job opportunities, might have led to the birth of this endeavour, locally described as Wandermusikantentum . Registered in Einöllen for 1903 were 46 professional musicians. With their master, the young people – some only 14 years old – travelled in a group to Germany's cities, and also abroad to England , Norway , Sweden , the United States and even Australia . To pay for

1395-523: A document from 1583 as a landhold of the Offenbach Monastery. According to this record, at the time when the Reformation was introduced, the feudal lords put the estate into Erbbestand (a uniquely German landhold arrangement in which ownership rights and usage rights were separated; this is forbidden by law in modern Germany). The Windhof is actually not a vanished village at all. It now belongs to

1550-479: A donation to one of the Bishops of Verdun. Within this Verdun holding of Medard rose a castle ; a settlement near it came next. It is unknown whether the castle was built on a hill or in a dale (nothing is left of it), but either way, it seems likely that it was built by secular lords, unlawfully. In the early 12th century, it was generally customary to turn the care of relatively unprotected ecclesiastical holdings over to

1705-758: A geographical region in Iceland but the name lives on in the names of two public libraries in Iceland that were established during the amt era. The Amts libraries in Akureyri and Stykkishólmur which were established as the designated archives for the North and East Amt and the West Amt respectively. Ambacht can be seen as the Dutch equivalent to amt . Ambachten existed in Holland , Zeeland and Flanders up to about 1800. From 1662 to 1919,

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1860-438: A great, representative palatial castle. Soon afterwards, however, in 1544, Ruprecht died, leaving his own underage son and heir, Georg Johannes I of Veldenz-Lauterecken (known as Jerrihans), whose regency was assumed by Duke Wolfgang. Jerrihans became a "mistrustful, most whimsical and withdrawn person who constantly had new plans in his head and plotted his sometimes good thoughts and advantageous designs, which, however, owing to

2015-461: A man of the cloth, took on, together with Ludwig's widow the regency for the underage Count Palatine and later Duke Wolfgang , who, as thanks to his uncle, later gave him his own county palatine, which at first was made up of the Ämter of Veldenz and Lauterecken. Ruprecht, who at first had taken up residence on the Remigiusberg, raised Lauterecken to residence town and commissioned the building of

2170-625: A medical doctor in 1924, and became a specialist in internal medicine , a chief field doctor and in 1930, head of the North Sea hygiene-bacteriological research post and ship's doctor aboard the Reichsmarine survey ship Meteor . In 1934, he received a teaching post at the Landwirtschaftliche Hochschule Berlin ( Agricultural University of Berlin ) and then moved as a Reich office and staff leader for tradition and history to

2325-457: A permanent lack of monies, or of trust of others, could not be carried out." "Georg Hans" did indeed end up in financial trouble, which he sought to overcome, to no avail, with his wife's inheritance, for she was Swedish King Gustav I's daughter. He borrowed monies from the Lords of Mentzingen and from rich townsmen from the city of Strasbourg , which he could never pay back, and he became entangled in

2480-484: A run-down house near the Protestant schoolhouse to convert it into a new schoolhouse that was to house the Catholic school, whose origins stretched back to French King Louis XIV's time. His troops long occupied Lauterecken. The town's efforts, though, brought about no permanent solution. As early as 1874, a communal school was established in Lauterecken, but the space provided for it proved unsatisfactory. Only in 1900

2635-662: A secular Vogt . It was then that Gerlach I, a scion of the Counts of the Nahegau , who owned little of his own in the way of landholds but held several ecclesiastical Vögteien from the Bishoprics or Archbishoprics of Reims , Mainz and Verdun, founded his own county , which he named after the Verdun landhold of Veldenz on the Moselle . Right from the beginning, a rift opened in these lands between

2790-467: A southeastward extension of Hauptstraße, and more recently, new developments have taken in the area between Lauterstraße and the road that leads to Cronenberg . In the north end, off Hauptstraße, Herrenstraße ("Lord’s Street") and Schulstraße ("School Street") were built. Standing on the latter are the former Amt courthouse and, of course, the old schoolhouse, which nowadays houses the elementary school. Likewise in this part of Lauterecken, somewhat off to

2945-582: A tree decorated with colourful streamers, the Kerwestrauß (“kermis bouquet”) through the village. This is then fixed onto an inn, and then comes the Kerwepredigt (“kermis sermon”), in which the Kerwepfarrer (“kermis pastor”) reads out a rhyming, humorous account of the year's happenings. The kermis ends late Tuesday evening with the traditional burning of a straw doll, the so-called Kerwelotte . On 1 May, there

3100-605: A winged hatchet and two open armrings. Furthermore, there have been finds from the Iron Age or Hallstatt times , and two barrows that have never been explored, and whose origins have not been determined, also lie within town limits in the Jungenwald (forest). The Celts also left a refuge castle on the Marialskopf (mountain) near Medard . In Roman times, the area around the town was rather heavily settled, bearing witness to which are

3255-459: Is a May Day celebration ( Maifeier ) complete with the raising of a Maypole . Every other year, the local clubs and the political establishment stage a village festival. Each summer, the Pfälzerwaldverein (a hiking club) holds its forest festival ( Waldfest ) at its own forest clubhouse in the Strieth (wood). Until 1960, Einöllen was well supplied with shops serving daily needs. Found in

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3410-509: Is a way station on the Glan-Blies cycle path. Amt (country subdivision) Amt is a type of administrative division governing a group of municipalities, today only in Germany, but formerly also common in other countries of Northern Europe . Its size and functions differ by country and the term is roughly equivalent to a British or U.S. county . The Amt (plural: Ämter ) is unique to

3565-600: Is about 35 km to each of Kusel , Kaiserslautern and Idar-Oberstein . Kreisstraße 42 leads through the actual village core and onwards to the Ausbacherhof (an outlying hamlet of Reipoltskirchen ) and Reipoltskirchen into the Odenbach valley, and to Rockenhausen and the Donnersberg . Running over the heights from Lauterecken is an old Roman road leading to Hohenöllen , near to that village's namesake Hohe Halde (“High Heap” or “High Dump”) with its famous view of

3720-527: Is also to this time that the Counts of Veldenz could trace their history, for the Frankish Bishopric of Veldenz acquired the area around Veldenz on the Moselle from the then Frankish king "for the wine ". The bishops then enfeoffed the Counts of Veldenz with this holding. This brought the estate of St. Medard am Glan with Lauterecken and Odenbach together under the Counts of Veldenz. Just when Lauterecken

3875-483: Is last mentioned in the mid 16th century, meaning that it might well have vanished even before the Thirty Years' War . The name is interpreted as having originally been "Bilo’s Estate". Nirthausen was first mentioned in an original document in 1377, and cropped up in another document in 1643. Its name is interpreted as "Nerito’s Estate". The Liebfrauenhof – whose name can be taken to mean "Estate of Our Lady " – appears in

4030-459: Is now 106 years ago”). Going by this, the building date would be 1430. Belonging in 1565 to the parish, whose seat was in Tiefenbach, were Diesenberg, Einöllen, Hohenöllen , Imetshausen, Mühlhausen, Oberweiler, Rossbach, Stahlhausen and Sulzbach. From 1670 to 1717, Einöllen was the sole parish seat, as the church in Tiefenbach had been destroyed. In 1729, the church was expanded. Belonging nowadays to

4185-528: Is spread very evenly over the year. At none of the weather stations are lower seasonal swings recorded. The very dense settlement in Lauterecken's inner town in a sloped location can be traced back to the mediaeval town fortifications, which stretched up the river Lauter southeastwards from its mouth. This old town centre was crossed by the thoroughfare known as the Obere Gasse ("Upper Lane") with its marketplace , which today, together with its extensions bears

4340-690: Is still alive and resides in Auckland, New Zealand. He gave the house that he had built there his birthplace's name. (See the Hinzweiler article – sections History and Famous people – for more about the West Palatine Wandermusikantentum ). The kermis (church consecration festival, locally known as the Kerwe ) is held on the second weekend in October. On Sunday afternoon, the village youth carry

4495-484: Is that even today there are many household or family names that are derived from feminine given names: Mahlches, (from Amalie), Gretches (from Margarete), Reles (from Aurelie), Rosas, Rosalies, Sennes (from Susanne), Settches (from Rosette). The women from whom these names were taken mostly lived alone in the village at the turn of the 20th century, while their husbands sought work far away, mostly as travelling musicians. The following table shows population development over

4650-407: Is to be found in Einöllen, and two of the three farmers who have moved out of the village are already seeking their livelihoods in other fields of endeavour. Many buildings formerly designed and planned for agriculture have been “modernized” into contemporary dwellings. About 1900, agriculture and crafts offered only a few people a fair livelihood. Anyone who wanted to earn a lot of money had to work in

4805-541: Is used to offer decentralized services of the municipality within local administrative offices for the residents in neighbouring suburbs. The Ortsteil itself may also be confusingly translated as a "municipality", but it is incorrect because it belongs to a city which is the only effective municipality ( Gemeinde ). The amt (plural, amter ; translated as "county") was an administrative unit of Denmark (and, historically, of Denmark-Norway ). The counties were established by royal decree in 1662 as replacements for

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4960-439: Is wooded. Lauterecken borders in the northeast on the municipality of Medard , in the east on the municipality of Cronenberg , in the southeast on the municipality of Hohenöllen , in the south on the municipality of Lohnweiler , in the southwest on the municipality of Wiesweiler , in the west on the municipalities of Hausweiler and Grumbach and in the northwest on the municipality of Kappeln and an exclave belonging to

5115-636: The Ampt Honhelden (using the archaic spelling of Amt ), along with the chapel estate of Einöllen as an annex was one of the Veldenzes’ two allodial holdings, the other being Waldgrehweiler , which at that time was known as Grebwilre (in Modern High German this would be Grafenweiler , meaning “Count’s Hamlet ). In many cases, these allodial holdings served lords as summertime seats, as it were, cottages . Einöllen apparently held much importance to

5270-592: The Verbandsgemeinde Lauterecken-Wolfstein , to which it also belongs. Lauterecken bears the nickname Veldenzstadt , after the comital family that once held sway here. It is also a state-recognized tourism resort town, and in terms of state planning is laid out as a lower centre . The town lies in the North Palatine Uplands in a hollow at the mouth of the Lauter , where it empties into

5425-592: The 1930 Reichstag elections , this had grown to 25.1%. By the time of the 1933 Reichstag elections , after Hitler had already seized power , local support for the Nazis had swollen to 50.3%. Hitler’s success in these elections paved the way for his Enabling Act of 1933 ( Ermächtigungsgesetz ), thus starting the Third Reich in earnest. In the Second World War in the town itself, roughly 60 people were killed in air raids . The Palatinate’s split from Bavaria came about after

5580-523: The Congress of Vienna put Lauterecken in the Kingdom of Bavaria , though, did an ordinary school in the modern sense arise. At first it used classrooms set up at the church chaplain's house, although these were soon outgrown by the rising number of pupils. In 1836, therefore, building work began on a Protestant schoolhouse, where sometime after 1837 a schoolteacher and an assistant were soon teaching. The town bought

5735-651: The Counts of Veldenz about 1200, or perhaps even back to Count Gerlach I's time. He died in 1163. An unambiguous clue as to the building date comes from the 1590 Meisenheim Reformed ecclesiastical visitation protocol. In a 1536 statement provided by the then notary public and pastor at Tiefenbach , Petrus Rod (also known as Peter Rad or Peter Radius), it says: “Die Gemeinde zu Eynoth hat die Kapelle St-, Barbarae et Huperti auf ihre Kosten erbaut und erhalten ohne jemands Zuthun, ist jetzt 106 Jahre her” (“The community at Einöllen built and maintained Saint Barbara ’s and Saint Hubert’s chapel at its own cost without anyone’s help;

5890-642: The County Palatine of Zweibrücken as of 1444. A 1615 record mentions the “ Weiher bey der Eich zu Ainot ” (“pond near the oak at Einöllen”). The pond area lies on a Roman road . An estate holder named Gauch also set up a church foundation in the Middle Ages , but this was finally wiped out in 1923 in the hyperinflation that then beset the Weimar Republic . The Veldenzes seem to have bestowed their lordly allodial seat upon somebody else, for in 1432, Einöllen

6045-500: The Department of Mont-Tonnerre (or Donnersberg in German ). Around 1800, under Napoleonic French rule, Einöllen was fleetingly a mairie (“mayoralty”), as witnessed by Jakob Gauch, whom historic records describe as the municipal head, border stone minder and provisional mayor. From 1815 on, the village belonged to the Kingdom of Bavaria , within which it lay in the canton of Wolfstein in

6200-721: The Franco-Prussian War (1871-1872) and the First World War (1914-1918), troops marched through the Glan valley time and again. Changes in territorial arrangements were hardly ever made until after the Second World War. The entity known as the canton lost any meaning in the course of the 19th century. In 1883, the Lautertalbahn ( railway ) was built, and in 1896/1897 came the now abandoned Lauterecken- Staudernheim line. In 1904,

6355-654: The Franks began thrusting into the land, advancing their imperial realm well beyond and westwards into what is now France . After King of the Franks Clovis I had himself baptized in Reims , Christianization was introduced into the Lauterecken area with the creation of missionary centres such as the Hornbach Monastery (founded by Saint Pirmin ), Kusel ’s Remigiusberg Monastery and Disibodenberg near Odernheim am Glan . It

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6510-609: The Glan , and likewise at the mouth of the Grumbach, which also empties into the Glan. Lauterecken lies at an elevation of some 170 m above sea level . Elevations on each side of the dales mostly reach some 300 m above sea level, with the highest elevation being found at the peak known as die Platt (322 m above sea level). Lauterecken is found roughly 20 km northeast of Kusel , and 25 km northwest of Kaiserslautern . The municipal area measures 893 ha, of which 307 ha

6665-568: The Janusz-Korczack-Schule , were at first taught. In 1999, all the special school ’s classes could be moved into the now free, newer building, which had once housed a few Hauptschule classes. Lauterecken today has one primary school , one special school with a focus on learning (Janusz-Korczak-Schule), a school centre with a Realschule plus and the Veldenz- Gymnasium . Lauterecken likely has its geographical location, where both

6820-553: The Kusel district . Lauterecken has a "Pro Seniore" home for the elderly, housing both those who can live independently and those in need of assistance or care. The town hall houses a small town library. The end of the Reformation also marked the beginning of schooling, conditioned as it was by the Protestant view that a Christian ought to be able to deal with God ’s Word in the Bible all by himself. Thus, school began in Lauterecken with

6975-570: The Landkommissariat (later Bezirk , and later still Landkreis or “rural district”) of Kaiserslautern. In the 18th and 19th centuries, there was coalmining in Einöllen, as there was in neighbouring villages. In 1900, Einöllen became a self-administering Bürgermeisterei (“mayoralty”) within the Kusel district. In August 1923, as in Hohenöllen , Rossbach and Rutsweiler , emergency money ( Notgeld )

7130-442: The Lauter and the Grumbach empty into the Glan , making it favourable to transport, to thank for its founding. Nevertheless, it must be borne in mind that in bygone ages, road traffic tended to avoid the dales and instead run along over the heights. Roads, as the word is commonly understood today, did not come into being until the 19th century. The expansion of the Glan valley road (Glantalstraße) came about sometime about 1840, after

7285-572: The Lauterschleife (a tight bow in the river Lauter ). Until just before the little wood known as the Harstholz, this Roman road forms the stretch of Landesstraße 383 that today runs through Einöllen. Then, at the so-called Hohe Dohl at the vorderer Weiher (“further pond”), it bends to the left, runs between the woods and the hinterer Weiher (“hinder pond”) and meets the other Roman road coming from Kaiserslautern and leading by way of Morbach and

7440-648: The New Stone Age include a hatchet made of black stone found in the Wälderbusch in 1932, a flint arrowhead from Taubhauser Weg, where an adze was also unearthed, a fragment of a stone hatchet and a tool with an asymmetrical tip, both made of flat stone, and a fragment of a quartzite blade from the Schäferberg. Another from the Bronze Age has been a hoard from the Schäferberg near the town limit with Grumbach with

7595-533: The New Stone Age . There could even be a link between the pre-Roman archaeological finds in Einöllen and the Roman villa unearthed between Reipoltskirchen and Hefersweiler in the Odenbach valley. Einöllen originally belonged to the Counts of Veldenz , whose comital seat was at Meisenheim , and who had split away from the Nahegau Counts in the early 12th century. According to Veldenz documents from 1268 and 1387,

7750-666: The Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg , or War of the Palatine Succession), the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars , troops of every European nationality marched through the Glan valley, much to the local inhabitants’ chagrin. In 1814, Marshal Blücher headquartered himself in the town. The fountain at the old schoolhouse commemorates this. Lauterecken remained with Electoral Palatinate until

7905-399: The Reichshandwerker- und Nährstand . He was responsible for folklore , blood group research, psycholinguistics , genetics , protohistory and genealogy . Gauch published books and many articles, among which were: Gauch's views on race were extreme, even for Nazi Germany , and at times actually caused Hitler's régime embarrassment. Although Gauch was cleared of any responsibility for

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8060-499: The Ruhr area or the Saarland . Nowadays, only a few people living in Einöllen actually work here. The foremost destination for women who commute is the firm Braun, a maker of elastic bandages in Wolfstein , whereas men mainly commute to jobs in Kaiserslautern and Kusel , or even as far as Ludwigshafen . One of the first teachers in Einöllen was Johann Nicolaus Frenger, who was born in Heiligenmoschel . From 1747 to 1758, he taught here, followed by his son Christian, who in turn

8215-425: The amter were composed of a number of municipalities ( kommuner ). The reform granted the counties wider areas of responsibility, most notably running the national health service and the gymnasium secondary schools. The municipal reform of 1 January 2007 abolished the amter and replaced them with five administrative regions , now mainly charged with running the national health service. In contrast to

8370-416: The amter , the regions hold no authority to levy taxes. The reform re-delegated all other areas of responsibility to either the municipalities or the state. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the number of municipalities from 270 to 98. In Germany an Amt was a medieval administrative district covering a manorial estate or the land owned by a castle or village. It

8525-424: The post office and, of course, the railway station, from which trains run into the Lauter valley towards Kaiserslautern , and which also serves as a station on the former Glantalbahn (railway) now used recreationally by draisine riders. A great new building zone arose after 1945 in the part of town called "Auf Röth" between Bundesstraße 420 and Bundesstraße 270, which leads towards Grumbach . Also built here

8680-404: The 14th century. Older names that the town has borne are iuxtra Luterecke (later edition of Prüm Abbey ’s directory of holdings, the Prümer Urbar ), die burge und dorffe zu Lutrecken (copy from 1343), in die borg zu Lutereckin oder in die stad dar vor (1350) and Luterecken burg vnd stat (1387, first mention in an original document). Neither of those theories, though, explains the origin of

8835-429: The 2001/2002 school year, this school has been offering all-day schooling. It is a vocationally oriented school where finishing the Tenth Class leads to the earning of the Mittlere Reife . At the old 1900 schoolhouse, the primary school can still be found, which has bit by bit also been assigned to teach pupils from nearby villages, too. In a sidebuilding, classes of the school for children with learning difficulties ,

8990-417: The Ausbacherhof to Meisenheim . Given the location between the two roads, the Harstholz was ideal for Roman settlements. Within the municipality's limits, from several springs lying towards the boundary with Relsberg, rises the Sulzbach, which in its upper reaches flows through what was once the village of Heinzweiler, and which downstream from Medard empties into the river Glan . Near the Harstholz rises

9145-496: The Ausbacherhof, in the Speyer State Archive, the names Einod and Einölln were used side by side, as were Ainodt and Einellen in 1612 according to a record from Disibodenberg . The first clergyman based in Einöllen was the Reverend Johann Kuch (or Kuchius), whose grave, with an epitaph , can still be found in the church. He planted a vineyard on the hill now known as the Kuchiuskopf, after him, and vines may still be found there today. A rural cadastral name also recalls Kuch,

9300-399: The Breitbach, which empties into the river Lauter in Oberweiler-Tiefenbach . Einöllen's municipal area measures 571 ha, of which 80 ha is wooded. Einöllen borders in the northeast on the municipality of Reipoltskirchen , in the southeast on the municipality of Relsberg , in the south on the town of Wolfstein , in the southwest on the municipality of Oberweiler-Tiefenbach and in

9455-412: The Counts of Veldenz for its “lordly pond” (alongside winegrowing at the Wingertsberg or Herrenberg at Hohenöllen). Thus, the Counts of Veldenz apparently came to the vorderer Weiher and hinterer Weiher (“further pond” and “hinder pond”), whose names still crop up today as rural cadastral toponyms, and to the neighbouring wood, the Harstholz, to do their fishing and bird hunting. Einöllen belonged to

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9610-456: The County of Veldenz met its end when Count Friedrich III of Veldenz died without a male heir. His daughter Anna wed King Ruprecht's son Count Palatine Stephan . By uniting his own Palatine holdings with the now otherwise heirless County of Veldenz – his wife had inherited the county, but not her father's title – and by redeeming the hitherto pledged County of Zweibrücken, Stephan founded a new County Palatine, as whose comital residence he chose

9765-406: The Duchy converted to Reformed belief, Palatinate-Veldenz did not embrace this newer faith and kept its people with Lutheranism. Nevertheless, in the time of the occupation by French King Louis XIV's troops and in the time of Electoral Palatinate rule that followed, a strong reversion to Catholic belief set in. In 1690, there was once again a Catholic community. Soon, roughly one third of all

9920-408: The Einöllen mother church are the branches of Relsberg , Hohenöllen-Sulzhof in the Verbandsgemeinde of Lauterecken and the Ausbacherhof, which belongs to the municipality of Reipoltskirchen. Catholic citizens attend church services in Reipoltskirchen. Both Evangelical and Catholic Christians were buried at the churchyard, but there have been no burials there since 1820. A new municipal graveyard

10075-413: The Evangelical church in the old town towards the eastern slope, is Bergstraße ("Mountain Street"). Still preserved on the lands of the former graveyard on the Igelskopf ("Hedgehog’s Head" – a mountain) is the imposing warriors’ memorial. A new graveyard was laid out in the town's northeast. As early as the late 18th century, Lauterecken was growing beyond the area within the fortifications. In the southwest,

10230-469: The French had withdrawn from the German lands on the Rhine ’s left bank in 1814, the French departments were soon dissolved and the victorious powers imposed yet a new regional order. The Congress of Vienna annexed the Palatinate to the Kingdom of Bavaria . This brought the unwelcome presence of a border running along the river Glan between Bavaria and, eventually, after a cession , Prussia . Beginning at Niedereisenbach ( Glanbrücken ) and going downstream,

10385-437: The German Bundesländer (federal states) of Schleswig-Holstein , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Brandenburg . Other German states had this division in the past. Some states have similar administrative units called Samtgemeinde ( Lower Saxony ), Verbandsgemeinde ( Rhineland-Palatinate ) or Verwaltungsgemeinschaft ( Baden-Württemberg , Bavaria , Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt , Thuringia ). An Amt , as well as

10540-446: The Glan Valley Railway ceased operations about 1985. Nonetheless, it has since grown into a tourist attraction , for between Altenglan and Staudernheim , visitors can now ply the route themselves on a pedal-powered draisine . The Lauter Valley Railway links the town with the upper centre of Kaiserslautern . Lauterecken lies roughly at the halfway point between the two termini and has its own stop on this line. For cyclists, Lauterecken

10695-438: The Glan and Lauter Area"), founded in the 19th century and shut down in 1937, and the Nordwestpfälzische Zeitung ("Northwest Palatine Newspaper"; 1900-1938). The newspaper was taken over by the Allgemeine Zeitung , which still appears as a regional offshoot of a major newspaper in Meisenheim . A further widespread daily newspaper is the Rheinpfalz, Westricher Rundschau appearing in Ludwigshafen and Kusel . Major events on

10850-403: The Glan now marked the boundary between the "Baierischer Rheinkreis" – a new exclave of the Kingdom of Bavaria created by the Congress of Vienna – and the Principality of Lichtenberg , whose capital was Sankt Wendel , and which was an exclave of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld , which as of 1826 became the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha . As part of this state, it passed by sale in 1834 to

11005-472: The Glan, coming down from Altenglan , near the middle of town. Here at these forks arose the town of Lauterecken, which was once called Lautereck. Within what are now Lauterecken's town limits once lay two villages named Bilstein and Nirthausen, and also an estate called the Liebfrauenhof. For a time, another estate called the Windhof (despite the name, not a wind farm ) also belonged to Lauterecken. Bilstein first crops up in an original document from 1304, and

11160-596: The Kingdom of Prussia . Under this new order, Lauterecken lay within this Rheinkreis beginning in 1816 and was given functions as the seat of a Bürgermeisterei ("mayoralty") and a canton. The canton was assigned to the Landcommissariat (today Landkreis or district) of Kusel. The town played a special rôle in the 1849 Badish -Palatine uprising. At the Lauterecken Revolutionary People's Association,

11315-567: The Kuchiuswögelchen. After the rectory at Tiefenbach was laid waste by the French in 1670, the parish seat was moved to Einöllen. In 1402, the Counts transferred the parish church to the Order of Saint John . The Early Gothic window that is still preserved in the church's belltower, which may well date from as early as the 12th century, suggests that the church may go back to a chapel built by one of

11470-568: The Nazis’ war crimes, his name was brought up at Adolf Eichmann ’s trial as one who was said to have provided ideological justification for the Holocaust by writing that “non-Nordics” were “sub-human”. Gauch clung to his Nazi beliefs all his life. Lauterecken Lauterecken ( pronunciation ) is a town in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany. It is the seat of

11625-517: The Protestants’ favour as ethnic Germans driven out of Germany's former eastern territories came to town looking for a new place to live. Adherents of Islam nowadays also live in town, and many inhabitants adhere to no religion at all. For a long time, near what is today the Stadtkirche ("Town Church"), once stood a forerunner building about which nothing is known for sure. It was replaced in 1725 by

11780-563: The Second World War. In 1949, the Textilwerk Lauterecken sprang up between the Glan and Bundesstraße 420 as a branch plant of the Vogtland woollen mill in Hof an der Saale . Employed here for a time in three spinning mills and one cotton weaving mill were 1,500 workers. As a result of shrinking economic activity in the textile sector, the firm shut the Lauterecken branch plant down. After

11935-826: The Selz-Hagenbach Exchange from the Oberamt of Meisenheim and the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (to which the County of Veldenz had passed in 1444) to the Electorate of the Palatinate ’s Amt of Wolfstein and Oberamt of Kaiserslautern. After the French Revolution in 1789 and the subsequent French occupation that lasted until 1814, Einöllen belonged to the Canton of Wolfstein and

12090-475: The agricultural lands were 346 ha of cropland, 217 ha of grain fields, 3 ha of gardening and fruitgrowing lands, 124 ha of meadowland, 1 ha of vineyard and 86 ha of forest. The farms Heinzweiler, Harstholz, Hobstätten and Kinzenäcker have not been mentioned as homesteads since the 17th century; their names, however, persist as cadastral toponyms for farm fields. Since 1960, three agricultural operations have established themselves outside

12245-507: The building had long stood empty, it was taken over by the BITO (Bittmann GmbH Lagertechnik) logistics firm whose main location was in Meisenheim . A major factory that did various kinds of printing was the firm Lony, originally located in town near the former Lower Gate, later moving to the commercial-industrial development on Bundesstraße 420 going towards Medard , and later being taken over by

12400-546: The centre of Überlauterecken, already an independent municipality by the Middle Ages , was swallowed up into the spreading town. Originally, this Stadtteil could only be reached across the Rheingrafenbrücke, but nowadays it can be reached by way of a better street, Schiller ‌straße, and across the Schillerbrücke. Further expansions arose in the town's south end along Lauterstraße, a street that can be considered

12555-527: The centuries for Einöllen: Einöllen was once known as Eynet (1432), or Einheit (1438). The latter form is worthy of note, not only because in Modern High German it means “unit” or “oneness”, but also because it is a form of Einod , an old word meaning “personal property”, here referring to the Veldenzes’ allodial holding. Beginning about 1550, however, especially in the Meisenheim visitation protocols,

12710-651: The centuries for Lauterecken, with some figures broken down by religious denomination: About the roots of the name Lauterecken, there has been disagreement among the locally based regional historians. The two sides can be roughly broken down as follows: The former, which relates the name ending to the town's geographical location, has thus far been held to be the right one and it was even supported by earlier placename researchers and compilers of town descriptions (Widder, Pöhlmann, Christmann and nowadays Karl Pfleger). Quite recently, researcher Martin Dolch has had slight doubts about

12865-401: The county. None of Leopold Ludwig's sons could claim the succession. Gustav Philipp, the eldest, was, for reasons that are no longer clear today, held prisoner in a tower at the palace in Lauterecken, and in 1679, while fleeing custody, he was shot dead in the Wälderbusch (a wilderness area) near the town. Two other sons fell in the war. Leopold Ludwig himself died in 1694. The "orphaned" county

13020-505: The course of administrative restructuring in the state, Verbandsgemeinden were founded. Einöllen belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Wolfstein . Mentioned in a 1544 Weistum (a Weistum – cognate with English wisdom – was a legal pronouncement issued by men learned in law in the Middle Ages and early modern times) was a Schultheiß named Hans Möller (or Müller). Other “old” names are Keller (1580) and Schmidt (1648), whereas

13175-593: The district, Lauterecken is home to three medium-size businesses and various shops. One business of national standing is the fruit juice producer Niehoffs-Vaihinger, a plant of the Cellpack Group (food packaging), which since 2003 has belonged to the industrial concern Behr Bircher Cellpack BBC (no relation to the British Broadcasting Corporation ). Part of the town's heating energy comes from an environmentally friendly high-performance heat pump from

13330-516: The establishment of a Sunday school at which the faithful were to practise singing hymns and be quizzed in Catechism . Soon afterwards came the first attempts to establish schooling for all children. A schoolhouse stood near the Lower Gate. These early efforts to set up a system of education fell by the wayside in the course of the Thirty Years' War . Long after that war there were no such efforts, for

13485-518: The estate of St. Medard, which is independent of Verdun Cathedral "). The Counts held sway in four consecutive lines: The last named is taken to be the actual "Lauterecken comital line", which characterized the town with the building of two castles, whose appearance is preserved in Matthäus Merian's engraving from about 1650. Thus, from 1543 to 1694, Lauterecken was the residence town of the sideline of Palatinate-Veldenz-Lauterecken. In 1689, however,

13640-631: The example shown on the municipality's own website renders it in green. However, these renderings both conform to the blazon (“ natürliches ”/“proper”), which prescribes natural colour. The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate ’s Directory of Cultural Monuments: Einöllen lies in the so-called Musikantenland (“Minstrels’ Land”) in the northeast part of the Kusel district. The profession Musikant , perhaps better described as Wandermusikant (“travelling minstrel” or “travelling musician”), might have arisen about 1830. A certain predisposition for music , but perhaps more significantly

13795-527: The extensive archaeological finds in Medard and Lohnweiler , for instance. Within Lauterecken's own limits in the late 19th century, a farmer discovered a Gallo-Roman villa rustica . As well, a Roman gravestone was once incorporated into a house wall in the town. Roman roads have been found on the heights around Lauterecken. After the Romans, who had occupied the area for more than three centuries, had withdrawn,

13950-522: The firm in Freital named Thermea. It draws heat from the river Lauter, whose water has a yearly average temperature of 10 °C. Only in freezing temperatures does the alternative, a condensing boiler , spring into action. Lauterecken is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde , and also hosts its administration. Moreover, a branch of the Bundesagentur für Arbeit is located here, one of three in

14105-475: The following clubs are active in Lauterecken: * BSW ( Stiftung Bahn-Sozialwerk ) is a social assistance agency run by railwaymen for railwaymen and their families. It goes without saying that in days of yore in this former residence town, not only was agriculture , along with winegrowing , well developed, but also service and handicraft businesses had set up shop, too. At first, the most important service

14260-520: The former Palatine-Veldenz Amt of Lauterecken was permanently given the status of an Electoral Palatinate Oberamt , after it had already been occupied by Electoral Palatinate troops in 1697 anyway. In 1744, the Electoral Palatinate administration had Lauterecken's town wall torn down. Throughout this time, however, there was little in the way of peace. In the Nine Years' War (known in Germany as

14415-457: The former fiefs ( Len ). The amter were originally composed of market towns ( købstæder ) and parishes , and held only small areas of responsibility. There were some changes to the borders of these counties over time, most notably when Roskilde County ( da ) was merged into Roskilde County ( da ) in 1808, and when Skanderborg County ( da ) was periodically merged into Århus County Skanderborg County ( da ). After Southern Jutland

14570-510: The gravely endangered Lower Gate and two others at corners in the defensive wall (these two can be seen in the Merian engraving). Any attempt by historians to describe a castle integrated into the town fortifications at this early time has come up against considerable difficulties. There can, however, be no doubt that there was a castle complex either within the town or nearby that served a mainly defensive purpose rather than that of simply representing

14725-683: The hitherto small region the Ämter of Nerzweiler, Reichenbach and Bosenbach. Belonging to this new Amt were the following places: Albersbach , Aschbach , Bettenhausen , Bosenbach , Eßweiler , Föckelberg , Fockenberg , Gimsbach , Hinzweiler , Hundheim , Jettenbach , Kollweiler , Lauterecken, Limbach , Lohnweiler , Matzenbach , Miesenbach , Mühlbach , Nerzweiler , Neunkirchen am Potzberg , Niedersteegen , Niederstaufenbach , Obermohr , Oberstaufenbach , Obersteegen , Oberweiler im Tal , Reichenbach, Reichenbachstegen , Rothselberg , Rutsweiler am Glan , Schrollbach , Theißberg , Wiesweiler and other places that now no longer exist. In 1444,

14880-402: The hospital services of the købstader without paying taxes for them, it became evident that reform was necessary. In 1958, interior minister Søren Olesen set in motion administrative reforms that would culminate in 1970. The municipal reform of 1 April 1970 reduced the number of counties to fourteen and eliminated the administrative distinction between (rural) parish and town. From then on,

15035-518: The late 19th century, the Tressel tannery switched to making shoes , although no major shoe factory grew out of it. In Zweibrücken , documents mentioned a lordly brewery in the town and small schnapps distilleries , which obviously went out of business during French Revolutionary or Napoleonic times. Alongside the lordly brewery stood several small breweries and a small schnapps distillery, none of which could stand up to competition . A major brewery

15190-411: The later influential family Gauch, which produced, among other people, a prominent Nazi academic and postwar Holocaust denier ( Hermann Gauch ), first crops up in Einöllen's history only about 1740. The earliest population figures for Einöllen come from a 1587 homage list. Named herein were 14 bowmen and 3 simple servants. All together, there were then some 90 persons living in the village. Striking

15345-502: The local lords. In 1384, it was said that the work on the original town fortifications was completed. At the so-called brotherly partition in 1387, Count Friedrich of Veldenz received the town of Lauterecken with its castle and Burgmannen along with a few outlying villages, while Medard passed as a village in the Amt of Odenbach to Count Heinrich. In 1393, Count Friedrich III founded an actual Amt of Lauterecken, which he expanded by adding to

15500-422: The municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results: "FWG" is a voters’ group. Lauterecken's mayor is Isabel Steinhauer-Theis. The town's arms might be described thus: Argent a lion passant azure armed and langued gules upon a triangle reversed voided inside which a triangle voided, its angles conjoined with

15655-455: The municipality named Ortsteile (plural of Ortsteil ), named from small villages or hamlets or localities. The Ortsteil (suburb or township) may have been a former parish, but today it is meant only for civil purpose and essentially used for planning within the municipality; the Ortsamt (sometimes just named informally but confusingly as an Amt , or informally translated as an "urban district")

15810-585: The municipality of Grumbach. Yearly precipitation in Lauterecken amounts to 707 mm, which falls into the middle third of the precipitation chart for all Germany. Only at 41% of the German Weather Service's weather stations are lower figures recorded. The driest month is April. The most rainfall comes in June. In that month, precipitation is 1.4 times what it is in April. Precipitation varies only slightly and

15965-556: The name Hauptstraße ("Main Street") throughout the old town. Behind the marketplace stands the Evangelical church , which in its current form dates from 1865–1866, while near the former southeastern town gate, the Obertor ("Upper Gate") stands the Catholic church, which was consecrated in 1853. Further important buildings on Hauptstraße are the former bursary office from 1897 (on the far side of

16120-509: The name Veldenz-Lützelstein. During French King Louis XIV's wars of conquest, the county ended up in great distress. Since Lauterecken was, strictly speaking, still a Bishopric of Verdun landhold, the Chambers of Reunion demanded its reunification with France. Leopold Ludwig , the last Count Palatine of Veldenz-Lützelstein, opposed this demand and until the French occupation was over, had to leave

16275-498: The name, noting that where the Glan meets the Lauter, it does not form an Ecke (the last element in the town's name, and also German for "corner"), that is to say, a wedge-shaped point of land (for a well known German example of one of these, see Deutsches Eck ). Those who propound the latter theory point to the hill castles that bear names ending in —eck (Schlosseck, Sponeck, etc.). The name itself does not crop up in documents before

16430-509: The neighbouring municipality of Grumbach . During the Middle Ages , the townsfolk belonged to the unified Catholic faith and long belonged to the Church of Medard. In the time of the Reformation , on orders from the Dukes of Zweibrücken and following the principle of cuius regio, eius religio , everyone in the town had to convert to Lutheran belief. When towards the end of the 16th century

16585-412: The northwest on the municipality of Hohenöllen . Also belonging to Einöllen are the outlying homesteads of Berghof and Hobstätterhof. Serving as Einöllen's original anchor was its church, around which arose the first houses. The village spread out to both the east and the south. About 1900, the thoroughfares Landesstraße 383 and Kreisstraße 42 were each built up along both sides. A new building area

16740-414: The old Bürgermeistereien were dissolved. In 1972, Lauterecken became, after many authorities, such as the office of weights and measures, the financial office, the local court and the customs office had been withdrawn from the town, the seat of a Verbandsgemeinde administration within the Kusel district with all together 25 Ortsgemeinden . The following table shows population development over

16895-468: The original ecclesiastical landholders and the counts, who were striving to hold the lands as their own. The bishops’ power steadily ebbed, although it theoretically remained in place until the old lordly structures were swept away in the time of the French Revolution . In 1157, Lauterecken had its first documentary mention as Tiefburg dem von der Domkirche Verdun abhängigen Hofe St. Medard kirchlich zugehörig ("lowland castle belonging ecclesiastically to

17050-552: The other above-mentioned units, is subordinate to a Kreis ( district ) and is a collection of municipalities. The amt is lower than district-level government but higher than municipal government, and may be described as a supra-municipality or "municipal confederation". Normally, it consists of very small municipalities ( Gemeinden , plural of Gemeinde ). Larger municipalities do not belong to an Amt and are called amtsfreie Gemeinden (independent municipalities); some of these municipalities might also not be governed by or linked with

17205-463: The prefix Lauter— ; however, another source deals with that by saying that the town is named after the little river, the Lauter, which rises at the northern edge of the Palatinate Forest southeast of Kaiserslautern and flows 35 km down to Lauterecken, where its water – which according to the name was once lauter (meaning "clean", although the word is now obsolete in this sense) – flows into

17360-971: The primary school in Wolfstein, while older students have been going to the Hauptschule , likewise in Wolfstein, the Gymnasium in Lauterecken or others in Kaiserslautern . The kindergarten is attended by children from Einöllen and Relsberg . To the west runs Bundesstraße 270. Serving Wolfstein is a railway station on the Lautertalbahn . Dr. Hermann Gauch (b. 1899 in Einöllen; d. 1978 in Kaiserslautern, buried in Einöllen), SS Untersturmführer , Nazi race theorist and Holocaust denier – Gauch graduated as

17515-530: The region was politically thoroughly restructured in the course of the French Revolution . In the newly established administrative entities that arose after the dissolution of the old feudal structure, Lauterecken lay in the Department of Mont-Tonnerre (or Donnersberg in German ) and the Arrondissement of Kaiserslautern, while the town itself became the seat of both a canton and a mairie ("mayoralty") bearing its name. Also belonging to this mairie were

17670-572: The river Glan, and today a police inspectorate) and the town hall from 1829. Parallel to Hauptstraße, running southwest to the Lauter, is Schlossgasse ("Palace Lane"), formerly known as Untere Gasse ("Lower Lane"), which leads from the Veldenzturm (" Veldenz Tower") along the former town wall to the historic Rheingrafenbrücke ("Rhinegrave’s Bridge"). The beginning of this street also marks the former palace area, which stretched on down to Hauptstraße. One important street, which branches off Hauptstraße near

17825-489: The road network was expanded in the 19th century, Lauterecken was also linked to the railway network. In 1883, the Lauter Valley Railway ( Lautertalbahn ) came into service, as did the double-tracked Glan Valley Railway ( Glantalbahn ) through the Glan valley going towards Odernheim am Glan in 1894 and between 1902 and 1904 also the railway towards Altenglan . While the Lautertalbahn still runs regularly today,

17980-658: The road through the Lauter valley towards Wolfstein and Kaiserslautern had been built a few years earlier. About 1850, the road into the Nahe valley by way of Grumbach was built, replacing an old road over the heights coming from Idar-Oberstein . Today, Lauterecken lies at the junction of Bundesstraßen 420 ( Oppenheim — Neunkirchen, Saarland ) and 270 (Idar-Oberstein—Kaiserslautern— Pirmasens ). Distances to other places are as follows: Kusel 22 km, Meisenheim 6 km, Wolfstein 8 km, Kaiserslautern 32 km, Bad Kreuznach 42 km, Idar-Oberstein 31 km. Soon after

18135-649: The schoolhouse lay in ruins. Count Palatine Leopold Ludwig , though, was said to be a great promoter of education. After he had already decreed a school order in 1695 in Hanau-Lichtenberg, he did much the same for the town and Amt of Lauterecken, which in 1706 was laid down as the Lauterecker Schulordnung . A general school, independent of the Church, was introduced by the French in French Revolutionary times with their Primärschule . Only after

18290-545: The schoolhouse on Schulstraße. Only the lower Hauptschule classes were taught at first in Lauterecken in a new building. The upper classes were taught in the new school building in Offenbach-Hundheim . In 1996, a new school building was built at the school centre "Auf Röth" (this name is a prepositional expression, a common practice in Germany) for all Hauptschule students from the whole Verbandsgemeinde of Lauterecken . Since

18445-416: The shutdown, a company that manufactured fruit juices called Schloss Veldenz located on the mill lands. The Rheingrafenmühle originally belonged to the Counts of Grumbach, who had been granted leave to use the more favourable water conditions in Lauterecken for a lordly mill. This mill ground its last in 1957. The wool weavers owned a walking mill on the Lauter, which was mentioned as early as 1542. In

18600-487: The side of this street, the modern Verbandsgemeinde administration building was built sometime after 1970. Farther on towards the mountain, stretching in a thoroughly loose pattern, is a major housing development . To the north, Hauptstraße meets Saarbrücker Straße beyond the Glan and the railway line. Also known as Bundesstraße 420, this is a busy highway. Before Hauptstraße meets this road, though, Bahnhofstraße (" Railway Station Street") branches off northeastwards to

18755-538: The sides of the other, both of the third. The lion appearing in Lauterecken's current arms is drawn from arms once borne by the House of Wittelsbach . Lauterecken has had other arms. The arms shown in the Coffee Hag albums about 1925 are sable a triangle reversed voided argent, that is, a black shield bearing only one charge , a silver, hollow triangle standing on one point. Very similar arms were apparently borne in 1841, but

18910-464: The strategic railway line from Lauterecken to Altenglan was built. Ten years later, troop transport trains were running on the line towards France, while hospital and prisoner trains ran in the other direction. It was similar in the Second World War . Seventy men from Lauterecken did not return from the fighting in the First World War , and in the Second, 167 either fell or went missing in action . Moreover,

19065-441: The time that followed arose a gristmill -oilmill, a sawmill and a bark mill , all of which makes it clear that weaving mills and tanneries also did business in town. Guild letters still exist from the wool and linen weavers, and also the tailors and cloth shearers, likewise from the 16th century. Several tanneries in Lauterecken are mentioned beginning in the 18th century, and certainly were in town some time before that. In

19220-499: The town and castles were destroyed. When Count Gerlach I founded the original County of Veldenz, Lauterecken had evidently outstripped the neighbouring village of Medard. Even before 1350 (likely in 1349), Lauterecken had been raised to town. In the latter half of the 14th century, the fortifications sprang up with three gates (Untertor or "Lower Gate", Bergtor or "Mountain Gate", Obertor or "Upper Gate") and five towers, of which three stood near

19375-478: The town clerk Franz König took over the chairmanship and demanded that the town supply 70 Rhenish guilders ’ worth of gunpowder and lead , which at first the town refused to do, but then later, after an assembly of the townsmen, it approved the demand. The freedom movement was stronger here than in almost any other place in the Landcommissariat . The extensive money collections and troop recruiting, however, came to naught, for on 13 June 1849, coming from Grumbach ,

19530-527: The town itself lost 56 women, old men and children in bombing raids. Three memorials, one at Veldenzplatz, one on the Igelskopf ("Hedgehog’s Head" – a mountain) and one at the new graveyard remind visitors to keep the peace. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the Nazi Party (NSDAP) became quite popular in Lauterecken. In the 1928 Reichstag elections , 16.5% of the local votes went to Adolf Hitler ’s party, but by

19685-587: The town of Zweibrücken : the County Palatine Zweibrücken – later a Duchy. Once Count Palatine Ludwig II introduced the Reformation into the Duchy of Palatinate Zweibrücken , Lauterecken townsfolk, too, had to convert to Lutheran beliefs. Ludwig II's death from the effects of overindulgence in drink in 1532 at the age of 30 steered the town and Amt of Lauterecken onto a whole new historical course. Ludwig's brother Ruprecht , who had once been

19840-875: The town's calendar are the Spring Market ( Frühjahrsmarkt ) on the first weekend in May, the great Folk Festival ( Heimatfest ) on the second weekend in August, the Autumn Market ( Herbstmarkt ) on the second weekend in October, the Christmas Market ( Weihnachtsmarkt ) on the first weekend in December and the Tower Festival ( Turmfest ), although this last event is held only every other year. Any special old customs that may once have been observed in Lauterecken are now unknown. As of 2005,

19995-480: The townsfolk belonged to the Catholic faith, and the other two thirds were Protestant . The Reformed faith according to John Calvin ’s teachings never did play any important rôle, even before the 1818 Protestant Union, although they did for a while have a prayer house at their disposal. There were also only a few Jews in town. The ratio of Catholics to Protestants shifted in the wake of the Second World War markedly in

20150-596: The triangle was gules (red). Lauterecken fosters partnerships with the following places: There are regular school exchanges and citizen visits between Lauterecken and Sombernon, along with friendships between various clubs and families. The Sombernon Stone, placed on the Roseninsel (island), reminds everyone of this contribution to peace in Europe . The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate ’s Directory of Cultural Monuments: The town's cultural life

20305-429: The upper grades) came to Lauterecken, and in the years that followed, it became a full Gymnasium. In the 1968/1969 school year, it moved to a new building. In 1954, the textile mill began work as an offshoot of the company Vogtländische Spinnerei Hof. More businesses were brought to town, so that today, Lauterecken boasts more than 1,000 jobs. In the course of administrative restructuring in Rhineland-Palatinate in 1968,

20460-409: The village in those days were four grocer ’s shops, two hairdresser ’s shops, two locksmiths , two blacksmiths , two painting businesses, two butcher ’s shops, two bakers , two tailors , two shoemakers , one wainwright and two inns . The two inns are still in business, and alongside them are a building company, a woodworking company that makes furniture , a window construction company,

20615-465: The village was called Ainot or Ainöt . Thereafter, the name seems to have assimilated somewhat to the neighbouring village's name, Hohenöllen , which evolved from Hoenhelden (Modern High German: hohe Halde , meaning “high heap” or “high dump”), eventually becoming today's Einöllen. Thus in 1438, the name had already become Eynhelden . In 1599, from a description of two estates, the Ingweilerhof and

20770-461: The village's built-up area on the other side of the Sulzbach, one of which lies right near the former Hobstätten farm mentioned above. The strip fields Kinzenacker, Hebenacker, Krippes, Wetterhembusch, Dörrstück and Zwerchgräben never were of any great quality for farming. The fields with the greatest yields were Auf dem Grund, Layenacker, Dellweidchen and Rudershöll. Nowadays, only one professional farmer

20925-493: The villages of Cronenberg , Heinzenhausen , Hohenöllen and Lohnweiler , while the other mairies in the canton were those of Becherbach, Hundheim and Odenbach. The boundary between the Departments of Mont-Tonnerre and Sarre ran through the Lauterecken area along the river Glan . Places that stood mostly on the river's right bank belonged to Mont-Tonnerre, while those standing mostly on the left bank belonged to Sarre. After

21080-536: The voyages, they gave concerts aboard the steamships on which they travelled. With the money that they earned, they could buy fields back in their homeland or even build houses, which they would then adorn with a lyre , the musician's hallmark. In 1955, the 75-year-old former Wandermusikant Heinrich Engel came back to visit his home village. He had travelled with an orchestra to Australia in 1895, and had then settled in New Zealand . As of April 2014, his youngest daughter

21235-506: The war through the new territorial order imposed in the French zone of occupation , and it was merged into the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate , formed in 1946 by French General Marie-Pierre Kœnig , and Lauterecken was grouped into the Regierungsbezirk of Pfalz ("Palatinate"), whose seat was at Neustadt an der Weinstraße . The town then experienced an enormous upswing. In 1954, "Progymnasium" (that is, Gymnasium that does not have

21390-648: Was a dower estate held by Sofie von Eich, who was Wilhelm Wolf von Sponheim's wife. He, in turn, was one of the owners of Castle Alt-Wolfstein (near Wolfstein). In 1595, according to records from Disibodenberg , tithing rights in Einöllen belonged to the Order of Saint John . In the 15th century, the Amt seat was moved and there then appeared the Amt or Gericht (court region) of Einöllen, which also took in Hohenöllen , Sulzbach (now Sulzhof, an outlying homestead of Hohenöllen), Oberweiler, Tiefenbach , Rossbach, Stahlhausen and Immetshausen . In 1768, Einöllen passed by way of

21545-470: Was a new school centre with a primary school , a Hauptschule and a Gymnasium . Commercial-industrial operations in Lauterecken are concentrated mainly in the town's north end on Bundesstraße 420. Already in prehistoric times , mankind was making its presence felt in the lands around what is now the town of Lauterecken as long ago as 5000 BC, leaving its traces in the form of extensive archaeological finds. Artefacts unearthed locally that come from

21700-487: Was built on a plot that was later to be expanded into a school centre. Under the regional new order, about 1970, there suddenly arose within a small area three Hauptschulen in Sankt Julian , Offenbach and Lauterecken, which bit by bit were drawn together. In Lauterecken, with steadily growing numbers of students and school centralization, additions kept having to be built to house new classrooms. Temporary wings appeared at

21855-415: Was changed to read: In Blau ein links hingewendeter goldener Pflug, natürliches Ackerland durchpflügend. The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Azure on cropland proper a plough sinister Or. The arms have been borne since 6 October 1925, when they were approved by the Bavarian Ministry of State. While the arms shown in this article render the ground in brown,

22010-476: Was followed by Christian's nephew Johann Jakob Frenger. About the turn of the 20th century, levels 1 to 7 were all being taught in one room – now the municipal centre – by a teacher named Bühler. Once a small school for levels 1 to 4 was built (today the kindergarten ), about 1900, there was more room, improving the situation. Mr. Kleindienst taught here, while Mr. Matthias took care of the “big” school. Since 1968, primary school pupils have been attending classes at

22165-413: Was founded is something that cannot be determined with any certainty today. Assuming that the town sprang up alongside a castle , it might have been founded about the year 1000. Older than Lauterecken and of particular importance in the Early Middle Ages was the neighbouring village of Medard , which was held by the Bishopric of Verdun , and which apparently was given by King Childebert II about 580 as

22320-613: Was given up after the Second World War . Hard stone was quarried in the area known as Ingenhell beginning in the 19th century. For a time, more than 200 workers were employed there. On ropeway conveyors , the stone was brought to the dale. After 1970, the hard stone quarry was shut down. Building and removal businesses, which were to a great extent bound to the stone quarrying industry, are nevertheless still in business now. Besides sandstone and hard stone, limestone and coal were also mined within Lauterecken's limits in earlier times. Manufacturing operations of any great size only arose after

22475-421: Was headed by an Amtmann , usually a lesser nobleman or cleric, appointed by a territorial lord to administer and dispense justice within the Amt . While Iceland was a territory of the Danish-Norwegian realm, amts (singular: amt ; plural: ömt ) were established in the country on top of the existing counties . From 1684 to 1770, Iceland as whole was a single amt in the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway but

22630-442: Was issued in Einöllen to finance the installation of an electrical supply , with each note being signed by the then mayor, Welker, and his deputy, Wannenmacher. In the Second World War , the Americans marched into the village on 19 March 1945. After the war and the establishment of Germany's new political order, the village was part of the Kusel district in the then newly founded state of Rhineland-Palatinate . Beginning in 1969, in

22785-408: Was laid out north of the village, towards Hohenöllen. The council is made up of 8 council members, who were elected by majority vote at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. Einöllen's mayor is Siegfried Berndt. The German blazon originally read: In Blau ein linkshingewendeter goldener Pflug, der natürliches Ackerland durchfurcht. In 1985, however, this

22940-475: Was now actually supposed to pass back to the Counts of Palatine Zweibrücken , and indeed, Zweibrücken did at first take over the provisional administration. However, a years-long dispute arose with Electoral Palatinate , which likewise claimed the right of succession in Palatinate-Veldenz. The dispute was settled in 1733 with the Veldenz Succession Treaty of Mannheim , under whose terms the Ämter of Veldenz and Lauterecken passed wholly to Electoral Palatinate, and

23095-445: Was once borne by the school, and then later by the folk high school and the corresponding clubs. There is also a company for training and continuing training. In earlier centuries, Lauterecken was also said to be a publishing centre for various newspapers . There were the Boten für das Lauter- und Glantal with the enclosure Blätter für Geschichte und Heimatkunde für die Glan- und Lautergegend ("Pages for History and Local Studies for

23250-522: Was opened in the municipality's west beginning in 1970. The Einöllen area might have been settled as early as Roman times, and even somewhat earlier. In the Harstholz (wood) lie two (Dr. Hermann Gauch , who was a local, mentioned three) pre-Roman Celtic barrows . A stone sarcophagus found right nearby makes it clear that there were people here. At the Ohligrech (apparently a vulgar corruption of Ewige Quelle , meaning “Everlasting Spring”) in 1929, Dr. Hermann Gauch found several whetted stone axes from

23405-484: Was returned to Denmark after the 1920 Schleswig plebiscites , four new counties were created in the area. During the 20th century, the powers of the counties were expanded, when they were granted responsibility for the hospital service. The købstæder , which by this time had been separated from the counties and were overseen by the Interior Ministry , assumed the same responsibility. As the population became increasingly urbanized, and many rural communities came to rely on

23560-404: Was the Felsenbrauerei , which was founded in 1860 and has since gone out of business. Since 2000, the railway station building has housed a small but very popular "inn brewery" ( Gasthausbrauerei ). In the 19th century, the sandstone industry earned major importance. Sandstone from Lauterecken were shipped for building magnificent buildings in big cities. Owing to shrinking demand, this industry

23715-417: Was the mills . As early as 1387, a mill in "Inghelden" is recorded. It likely stood on the brook that empties into the Glan northeast of Lauterecken. The Stadtmühle ("Town Mill") on the Glan and the Rheingrafenmühle ("Rhinegrave’s Mill") on the Lauter had their first documentary mentions in the 16th century. Belonging for a while to the Town Mill, which shut down for good in 1966, was an oilmill . After

23870-434: Was then split into two amts: North and East Amt ( Norður- og Austuramt ) and South and West Amt ( Suður- og Vesturamt ). The latter was in 1787 split into a West Amt ( Vesturamt ) and South Amt ( Suðuramt ). Iceland was thus divided into three amts until 1872, when the South and West amts were again merged. Amts were abolished in 1904, when Iceland gained home rule from Denmark. Amts are not used to denote

24025-455: Was work begun on a new schoolhouse that had room for all schoolchildren, and that also proved to be a model for the town with its architecture and location. After the Second World War , the arrangements changed. In the new building zone "Auf Röth", the state of Rhineland-Palatinate brought the Staatliches Gymnasium into service in 1969. The new building in the Stadtteil "Auf Röth", above Bundesstraße 420 going towards Wiesweiler ,

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