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77-449: The mosque has been used by large crowds of daily prayers, including during the special annual Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha prayers. It was the scene of religious festivals and special ceremonies, such as coronations, funerals, parades, and various other state functions attended by top government officials. It was from this mosque that King Amanullah Khan made an announcement of his country's full independence in 1919. Construction of

154-542: A circle in their palms or just coloring the fingertips. The older men might do those simple designs as well, but it is not that common. Henna is a "woman's" thing in Afghanistan when it comes to doing designs on their hands and feet. At night, multiple campfires are set around houses, sometimes to the point that entire valleys may initially appear to be engulfed in flame. Celebratory fire with automatic rifles, particularly tracer rounds, can also be expected in high density. Eid

231-424: A form of ra'y which enables jurists to opt for weaker positions if the results of qiyas lead to an undesirable outcome for the public interest ( maslaha ). Although istihsan did not initially require a scriptural basis, criticism from other schools prompted Hanafi jurists to restrict its usage to cases where it was textually supported from the 9th-century onwards. It is estimated that up to 30% of Muslims in

308-636: A speech at the Eidgah Mosque urging his countrymen to wage jihad against the British-Indians. After the Third Anglo-Afghan War , on August 19, 1919, King Amanullah announced Afghanistan's independence from this mosque. The mosque was recently remodeled. Most of its outdoor space is now a park. On 3 October 2021 an attack by the Islamic State – Khorasan Province killed several people near one of

385-428: Is Arabic for "Blessed Eid". As it comes after a month of fasting, sweet dishes and foods are often prepared and consumed during the celebration. Muslims typically decorate their homes, and are also encouraged to forgive each other and seek forgiveness. In countries with large Muslim populations, it is normally a public holiday with most schools and businesses closed for the day. Practices differ by country and region. In

462-449: Is a national holiday. In Kyrgyzstan the day is known as Orozo Ait ( Kyrgyz : Орозо айт ). The local population celebrate in various ways such as by partying, eating and singing. Festivals often feature long distance horse racing and other horse-based sports. People would tend to wear fancy and bright clothes, while people would sing Jaramazan tunes and receive cooked bread, candy or cash in return. Ramazon Hayit or Roʻza hayiti

539-440: Is a popular meal during Eid al-Fitr in Afghanistan. On the day of Eid al-Fitr, Afghans will first offer their Eid prayers and then gather in their homes with their families, greeting one another by saying " Eid Mubarak " and usually adding " Eidet Mobarak Roza wa Namazet Qabool Dakhel Hajiha wa Ghaziha, " which means "Happy Eid to you; may your fasting and prayers be accepted by God, and may you be counted among those who will go to

616-559: Is a public holiday in India . The holiday begins after the sighting of the new moon on Chand Raat . On that evening, people head to markets to finish their shopping for Eid, for clothing and gifts, and begin preparing their food for the next day. Traditional Eid food often includes biriyani , sheer khurma , and sivayyan , a dish of fine, toasted sweet vermicelli noodles with milk and dried fruit, among other regionally-specific dishes. Women and girls also put henna on each others' hands. In

693-590: Is a public holiday in Uzbekistan and widely celebrated. Traditional pastry such as kush-tili, plov and chak-chak are prepared by Uzbek families the day before Eid al-Fitr for consumption. Businesses tend to sell a high range of candies and children's toys during this period. Known as Oraza Ait (Ораза айт) Kazakh Muslims tend to visit each other during the celebration and handing out fried doughnuts such as baursaki to others. However mutton, soup, tea and kymyz (horse milk) are also popular food and drinks during

770-502: Is celebrated by Muslims worldwide because it marks the end of the month-long dawn-to-dusk fasting of Ramadan . Eid al-Fitr falls on the first day of Shawwal in the Islamic calendar ; this does not always fall on the same Gregorian day , as the start of any lunar Hijri month varies based on when the new moon is sighted by local religious authorities. The holiday is known under various other names in different languages and countries around

847-468: Is celebrated for one to three days, depending on the country. It is forbidden to fast on the Day of Eid, and a specific prayer is nominated for this day. As an obligatory act of charity, money is paid to the poor and the needy ( zakat al-Fitr ) before performing the 'Eid prayer. The Eid prayer is performed by the congregation in an open area such as a field, community center, or mosque. No call to prayer

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924-421: Is given for this Eid prayer, and it consists of only two rakaʿāt , with a variable amount of takbirs and other prayer elements depending on the branch of Islam observed. The Eid prayer is followed by the khutbah and then a dua asking for God's forgiveness, mercy, peace and blessings for all living beings across the world. The sermon also instructs Muslims as to the performance of rituals of Eid, such as

1001-408: Is popular for locals to buy new clothing, while women would shop for handbags, necklaces and other clothing. For some youngsters Eid nights involve dancing at a club. Children would receive coins of money from locals. In Cape Town , hundreds of Muslims—each with something to share with others at the time of the breaking of the fast—gather at Green Point in the evening of the last day of Ramadan for

1078-525: Is recited. Then, the Imam recites Sūrat al-Fātiḥah and Surat Al-'A`lá and the congregation performs Ruku and Sujud as in other prayers. In the second Rakat , the same above steps (five Takbeers, Sūrat al-Fātiḥah and Surat Al-'A`lá, Ruku and Sujud ) are repeated. After the prayer, Khutbah starts. During the Eid celebration, Muslims greet each other by saying 'Eid Mubarak' , which

1155-779: Is the main school of jurisprudence in the Balkans , Turkey , Lebanon , Egypt , the Levant , Central Asia and South Asia , in addition to parts of Russia and China . The other primary Sunni schools are the Maliki , Shafi'i and Hanbali schools. One who ascribes to the Hanafi school is called a Hanafi , Hanafite or Hanafist ( Arabic : ٱلْحَنَفِيّ , romanized :  al-ḥanafī , pl. ٱلْحَنَفِيَّة , al-ḥanafiyya or ٱلْأَحْنَاف , al-aḥnāf ). A standardized legal tradition ( madhhab ) did not exist among early Muslims. To them,

1232-475: Is the preferred snack during Eid celebrations. In modern times, supermarkets, corporates, and malls compete to attract children during this time via advertising in newspapers and on TV, and by offering special promotions and arranging closed Gargee'an events to market themselves. After the Eid al-Fitr prayer, the people of Jerusalem will decorate the courtyards of the al-Aqsa Mosque with toys for children who come from all Palestinian areas to participate in

1309-503: Is typically marked by a one- or two-day national holiday. Egyptians spend the first day of Eid al-Fitr to gather all family members and celebrate the Eid at public gardens. And also offers Eid Prayers in the Morning at their Local times, which are not same in different areas. Same as Cairo Salah time is not same to Alexandria. It is customary for children to also receive an Eidi , a small sum of money to be spent on activities throughout

1386-526: Is widely called Korité in Senegal and elsewhere across West Africa . It is a national holiday, celebrated for three days, with families normally having new clothes made for the holiday. Gifts and donations are normally exchanged. In the Ivory Coast , Eid is a large feast among Muslims. The celebration lasts between two and ten days depending on region. In Tajikistan the holiday is known as Idi Ramazon and

1463-426: The zakāt . The sermon of Eid takes place after the Eid prayer, unlike Friday prayer which comes first before prayer. Some imams believe that listening to the sermon at Eid is optional. After the prayers, Muslims visit their relatives, friends, and acquaintances or hold large communal celebrations in homes, community centers, or rented halls. As ritual dictates, Sunnis praise God in a loud voice while going to

1540-730: The Arab states of the Persian Gulf countries , men would typically buy new Kandora (traditional white long robe) or dye their existing Kandoras with walnut oil . Women would wear special clothes for the occasion along with special perfumes and braids. Most majlises would offer fruits, dates , tea or coffee to visitors. Those who live in rural areas tend to celebrate more modestly. Buildings, shops, roads and houses in UAE cities get decorated in bright festive lights. Many shows such as theatres would also occur. In Bahrain , families often celebrate

1617-600: The Indian subcontinent and Anatolia , and it was adopted as the chief legal school of the Ottoman and Mughal Empire . In the modern Republic of Turkey , the Hanafi jurisprudence is enshrined in Diyanet , the directorate for religious affairs, through the constitution (art. 136). The Hanafi school is the largest of the four traditional Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence, followed by approximately 30% of Sunni Muslims worldwide. It

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1694-560: The Maturidi school of theology . It encompasses not only the rulings and sayings of Abu Hanifa, but also the rulings and sayings of the judicial council he established. Abu Hanifa was the first to formally solve cases and organize them into chapters. He was followed by Malik ibn Anas in arranging Al-Muwatta . Since the Sahaba and the successors of the Sahaba did not put attention in establishing

1771-748: The Quran , hadith , consensus ( ijma ), legal analogy ( qiyas ), juristic preference ( istihsan ) and normative customs ( urf ) as sources of the Sharia . Abu Hanifa is regarded by modern scholars as the first to formally adopt and institute qiyas as a method to derive Islamic law when the Quran and hadiths are silent or ambiguous in their guidance; and is noted for his general reliance on personal opinion ( ra'y ). The islamic jurists are usually viewed as two groups: Ahl al-Ra'y (The people of personal opinion) and Ahl al-Hadith (The People of Hadith). The jurists of

1848-640: The Beirut waterfront. Other activities include art exhibitions. Ma'amoul and Kahk are popular cookie treats baked and consumed during Eid in Palestine, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. In Iraq, kleicha (the traditional snack) and lamb are popular foods. The Iraqi Kurds tend to visit cemeteries to remember their lost ones one day before the festival. After the prayers, Iraqi Kurdish families would gather together for large breakfasts of rice and stew, as well as candies, nuts and caffeinated beverages. In Iran , where

1925-466: The Eid al-Fitr prayer rituals. Many Palestinians go out to visit the families of Palestinian prisoners in Israel , visit the prisons themselves, and visit graves to lay wreaths on them. Palestinians and Jordanians decorate their homes and prepare sumptuous meals for family and friends. They prepare new clothes and shoes for the festival. Eid festivities in Palestine and Jordan may vary culturally depending on

2002-471: The Eid prayer in Eidgah . Children do "Salam" by touching the feet of the elderly members of the family. And elders give them a small amount of money which is known as "Salami" or " Eidi ", which is a major part of Eid happiness for children. Bengali dishes which are rich in flavor like Biryani , Polao , Pitha , Kabab , Korma , Chingri Malaikari , Shorshe Ilish , Payesh , Shirni , Halwa etc. are served by

2079-422: The Eid prayer: Allāhu Akbar, Allāhu Akbar, Allāhu Akbar. Lā ilāha illà l-Lāh. Allāhu Akbar, Allahu akbar, wa-li-l-Lāh al-ḥamd Recitation ceases when they get to the place of Eid or once the Imam commences activities. The prayer starts by doing niyyah "intention" for the prayer before the takbir is said by the imam . Next, the takbir al- ihram is performed, by saying takbir three times, raising hands to

2156-752: The Eid. Egyptians like to celebrate with others, so the streets are always crowded during the days and nights of Eid. Eid is popularly known as Small Sallah in Nigeria . During the day, people generally greet each other by saying Barka Da Sallah, which when translated means "Greetings on Sallah" in the Hausa language . The celebrations last as long as 3 days. Tunisia celebrates Eid for three days (with preparations starting several days earlier), two of which are national holidays. Special Sweets and biscuits, including Baklava and several kinds of " ka'ak ", marzipan , cookies are made or bought to give to friends and relatives on

2233-493: The Eidgah Mosque in Kabul initiated sometime before the death of Emir Abdur Rahman Khan in 1901. It was completed by his son Habibullah Khan . Afghan history records indicate that in 1901, the then Emir of Afghanistan, Habibullah Khan, publicly performed the priestly functions by celebrating the Eid ul-Fitr at Eidgah Mosque. The chief priest of Kabul immediately proclaimed Habibullah to be

2310-476: The French petit four ), and popcorn are baked in large batches to serve to guests and to give to family and friends; dressy Eid clothes are either shopped for or sewn; girls and women decorate their hands and feet with henna ; and parts of the house may even be painted. The night before Eid, the whole household partakes in cleaning the house and yard and setting out the finest bedsheets, table cloths, and decorations. On

2387-610: The Hajj-pilgrimage." Family elders will give money and gifts to children. It is also common practice to visit families and friends, which may be difficult to do at other times of the year. Children walk from home to home saying " Khala Eidet Mubarak " ("aunt happy Eid"), and they receive cookies or Pala . Young girls and women apply henna "tattoo"s on their hands and feet. The older women while applying it too, don't do very complicated designs. The boys and young men in some communities might apply it as well but, with very simple designs like

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2464-494: The Hanafi school are often accused of preferring ra'y over hadith. Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari says in his book Fiqh Ahl al-`Iraq wa Hadithuhum : "Ibn Hazm thinks of the jurists as Ahl al-Ray and Ahl al-Hadith. This differentiation has no basis and is without a doubt only the dream of some exceptional people, that have been influenced by the statements of some ignorant narrators, after the mihna of Ahmad bin Hanbal." He also states that

2541-594: The Hanafis could only be called Ahl al-Ray, because of how talented and capable they are when it comes to ra'y . And not because of their lack of knowledge in hadith or them not relying on it, as the term Ahl al-Ray usually implies. Regardless of their usage of Ra'y as one of the sources of their jurisprudence, the Hanafite scholars still prioritize the textual approach of the Sahaba. Careful examination by modern Islamic jurisprudence researcher Ismail Poonawala has found that

2618-431: The Imam himself. And under his guidance, his senior students would participated in it. Abu Hanifa had a unique "discussions and debate" method to conduct on the issues until they were settled. If resolved, Abu Yusuf would have been ordered to codify it." Explaining the method of Abu Hanifa in teaching his companions, Al-Muwaffaq Al-Makki says, “Abu Hanifa established his doctrine by consultation among them. He never possess

2695-686: The Sahaba and the Tabi'is . At the end of the Tabi'i period, the expansion of the Islamic empire meant that legal experts felt the need to give the Shari'ah a scientific form— Fiqh —which Abu Hanifa did by creating a unique methodology. At the same time he also established the Aqidah as an individual religious science. Ja'far al-Sadiq , a descendant of Muhammad was one of the teachers of Abu Hanifah and Malik ibn Anas who in turn

2772-419: The authoritative views of the founders of the school are compiled. They are Al-Mabsut (also known as Kitab al-Asl), Al-Ziyadat , Al-Jami' al-Saghir , Al-Jami' al-Kabir , Al-Siyar al-Saghir and Al-Siyar al-Kabir (doctrine of war against unbelievers, distribution of spoils of war among Muslims, apostasy and taxation of dhimmi ). The Hanafi school favours the use of istihsan , or juristic preference,

2849-572: The bank of a river or under a big banyan tree near the local bazaar. The tradition of Eid procession can be traced back to the Mughal era of Old Dhaka. Bangladesh has the biggest Eidgah, the Gor-E-Shahid Eidgah Maidan . The Dhanmondi Shahi Eidgah is a listed archaeological site of the Department of Archaeology and has historical, architectural and heritage values. Sholakia holds the record of

2926-586: The celebration of Eid al-Fitr. According to certain ahadith , these festivals were initiated in Medina after the migration of Muhammad from Mecca . Anas ibn Malik , a companion of Muhammad , narrated that when Muhammad arrived in Medina, he found people celebrating two specific days in which they entertained themselves with recreation. Muhammad then remarked that God had fixed two mandatory days of festivity: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha . Eid al-Fitr begins at sunset on

3003-575: The children. Sri Lankan Muslims like to eat watalappam , falooda , samosa , gulab jamun , sheerkurma , oil cake and other national and regional dishes. In Bangladesh Eid is celebrated with great pomp and festivities. The preparation for Eid in Bangladesh starts from the last quarter of the holy month of Ramadan . The markets and shopping malls become overwhelmed with people. Those who live away from their families for their job or livelihood, they return to their home towns and villages to celebrate

3080-417: The day of Eid, men and boys (and occasionally women and girls) will attend the Eid prayer. For the next 3 days, families will then visit each other, extended family, neighbors, and close friends. In these short visits, the baked goods, chocolates, and sweets are served, and often large lunches are prepared for the visiting well-wishers. Children are given gifts, either in the form of toys or money. The holiday

3157-857: The day. kids receive gifts from parents and elderly relatives, usually money or even toys. They also invite close friends and relatives for the Eid dinner. After Eid dinner people love to sing and dance. In Somalia and other Islamic parts of the Horn region , Eid al-Fitr is observed by the Muslim communities. Celebrations marking the event are typically accompanied by elaborate banquets, where special dishes such as xalwo (halwo) and buskut (buskuit) are served. Muslims in Tanzania celebrate Eid al-Fitr, when they normally dress in fine clothes and decorate their homes with lights. Special foods are prepared and shared with family and visitors, while children receive gifts. In Zanzibar it

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3234-419: The ears and dropping them each time, except for the last when the hands are folded. The Imam then reads al-Fatihah , followed by another surah. The congregation performs ruku and sujud . This completes the first rak'ah . The congregation rises and folds their hands for the second rak'ah, after which the imam recites al-Fatiha followed by another surah. After this, three takbirs are called out just before

3311-559: The establishment of Seljuk Empire , Timurid dynasty , several Khanates , Delhi Sultanate , Bengal Sultanate and Mughal Empire . Throughout the reign of 77th Caliph and 10th Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and 6th Mughal emperor Aurangzeb Alamgir , the Hanafi-based Al-Qanun and Fatawa-e-Alamgiri served as the legal, juridical, political, and financial code of most of West and South Asia. Scholars commonly define

3388-524: The festival with an eid dinner consisting of quzi or machboos rice dishes, while popular sweets include halwa or khanfroosh (see Bahraini cuisine ). Men typically wear thawbs and women wear abayas , the latter also painting henna on their hands or feet. Saudis decorate their homes and prepare sumptuous meals for family and friends. They prepare new clothes and shoes for the festival. Eid festivities in Saudi Arabia may vary culturally depending on

3465-615: The festival with family members and relatives. In the Chaand Raat children gather at the open field to see the Hilal (crescent moon) of the month of Shawwal . In the occasion of Chand Raat, Bangladesh Television plays the popular Bengali Eid song, O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe . Children makes and exchanges Eid cards. Girls decorate their hands with Mehndi . The Bengali sweet dish, Shemai ( Vermicelli ) are served with Roti or Paratha or Luchi as breakfast in Bangladesh . Then people attend

3542-484: The first rakat at the end of Tilawa , before rukūʿ , and five in the second. Depending on the juristic opinion of the locality, this salat is either farḍ ( فرض , obligatory) or mustaḥabb (strongly recommended). After the salat , Muslims celebrate the Eid al-Fitr in various ways with food being a central theme, which also gives the holiday the nickname "Sweet Eid" or "Sugar Feast". According to Muslim tradition, Muhammad instituted

3619-640: The following morning, Muslims go to their local mosque or Eidgah for Eid Namaz and give Eid zakat before returning home. Afterwards, children are given Eidi (cash gifts) and friends and relatives visit each other's homes to eat and celebrate. In Pakistan , Eid al-Fitr is also referred to as 'the Lesser Eid' ( Urdu : چھوٹی عید , chhoṭī īd , Punjabi : نکی عید , nikkī īd ) or 'Sweet Eid' ( Urdu : میٹھی عید , mīṭhī īd , Punjabi : مٹھی عید , miṭṭhī īd ). People are supposed to give obligatory charity on behalf of each of their family members to

3696-571: The formative period of the Hanafi school as starting with Abu Hanifa's judicial research (d. 767 CE/150 AH) and concluding with the death of his disciple Hasan bin Ziyad (d. 820 CE/204 AH). This stage is concerned with the foundation of the Madhhab and its establishment, the formation of principles and bases upon which orders are determined and branches arises. Abu Zuhra, a prominent 20th century Egyptian Islamic jurist suggested, "The work would have been done by

3773-454: The grave. Muslims also visit the living in a special ritual called Halal bihalal sometime during or several days after Idul Fitri. Hanafi Others In terms of Ihsan : The Hanafi school or Hanafism ( Arabic : ٱلْمَذْهَب ٱلْحَنَفِيّ , romanized :  al-madhhab al-ḥanafī ) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam . It

3850-523: The hands to the ears whilst reciting the Takbir , saying "Allāhu ʾAkbar", meaning "God is the greatest"). In the Hanafi school of Sunni Islam , there are three Takbirs at the start of the first rakat and three just before rukūʿ in the second rakat . Other Sunni schools usually have 12 Takbirs , similarly split in groups of seven and five. In Shia Islam , the salat has six Takbirs in

3927-823: The holiday. In the predominantly Sunni Muslim culture of Afghanistan , Eid al-Fitr holds significant importance and is celebrated widely for three days. It popularly involves special festivities for children and the youngest members of families. The most common greeting is Akhtar mo Mubarak sha (Eid Mubarak) in the Pashto -speaking community. Afghans start preparing for the Eid al-Fitr festival up to ten days prior by cleaning their homes (called Khana Takani in Dari ). Afghans visit their local bazaars to buy new clothes, sweets, and snacks including Jalebi , Shor-Nakhod (made with chickpeas), Cake wa Kolcha (a simple cake, similar to pound cake). The traditional Bolani (vegetarian flatbreads)

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4004-445: The implementation of Hanafite laws from the late medieval to modern period, including: The foundational texts of Hanafi madhab, credited to Abū Ḥanīfa and his students Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani, include Al-Fiqh al-Akbar (book on theology), Al-fiqh al-absat (book on theology), Kitab al-Athar (thousands of hadiths with commentary), Kitab al-Kharaj and the so called Zahir ar-Riwaya , which are six books in which

4081-472: The influence of the hadiths narrated by Zubayr regarding Rajm (stoning) execution as a form of punishment towards adulterers was within Abu Hanifa 's rulings in the Hanafite school of thought for such kinds of punishments' validity and furthermore, how to implement the punishment in accordance with Muhammad's teachings due to self-confession of the accused. The Hanafite law has had a profound influence on

4158-519: The largest Eid congregation in the world. On the second day of Eid, the longest running magazine show Ityadi airs in Bangladesh Television. The show celebrates the rich Bengali culture and brings education into light. In rural Bengal, folk sports competitions are organised on this occasion of Eid to create festive atmosphere. Eid is a national holiday in Nepal. Nepalese Muslims often consume

4235-475: The mosque's gates. The target of the attack was senior Taliban officials. Eid al-Fitr Eid al-Fitr ( / ˌ iː d əl ˈ f ɪ t ər , - t r ə / EED əl FIT -ər, -⁠rə ; Arabic : عيد الفطر , romanized :  ʿĪd al-Fiṭr , IPA: [ʕiːd al ˈfɪtˤr] ) is the earlier of the two official holidays celebrated within Islam (the other being Eid al-Adha ). Eid al-Fitr

4312-407: The mosques. In 1914–15, the bitter feud between British-India and Afghanistan assumed the proportions of a holy war or jihad , even though Emir Habibullah had initially opposed this approach of the mullahs . After his ascension to the throne in 1919, King Amanullah Khan aligned with the mullahs to attack British-Indian military camps. Before he launched a war on May 15, 1919, King Amanullah made

4389-564: The needy or poor before Eid day or, at most, before the Eid prayer, allowing for all to share in the joy of Eid. At home, family members enjoy a special Eid breakfast with various types of sweets and desserts, including Kheer and the traditional dessert Sheer Khurma , which is made of vermicelli, milk, butter, dry fruits, and dates. Eid is especially enjoyed by the kids, as they receive money in cash called " Eidi " as gift from their relatives and elders. People tend to get fresh currency notes issued by State Bank of Pakistan with which they give to

4466-473: The night before with chanting the Takbir and lighting lamps. On the day itself, before Eid prayer in the morning, zakat alms for the poor are distributed in the mosques. People gather with family and neighbors in traditional clothing and have a special Lebaran meal. Children are given money in colourful envelopes. Later, it is common for Muslims in Indonesia to visit the graves of relatives to ritually clean

4543-412: The night of the first sighting of the crescent moon. The night on which the moon is sighted is celebrated as Chand Raat in countries like Bangladesh . If the moon is not observed immediately after the 29th day of the previous lunar month (either because clouds block its view or because the western sky is still too bright when the moon sets), then the holiday is celebrated the following day. Eid al-Fitr

4620-559: The north, musicians play Andalusian music accompanied by fast clapping. Eid is an important event for Muslims in Ethiopia , who form the largest Muslim community in East Africa. In Sudan , where 97% of the population is Muslim, preparations for Eid begin the last few days of Ramadan. For days, ka'ak (sugar powdered cookies), bettifour (dry baked goods including dainty biscuits, baked meringues and macaroons—whose name are derived from

4697-568: The occasion is known as Eid-e-Fitr (Persian: عید فطر ), several groups of experts representing the office of Ayatollah Khamenei go to the different zones of the country at the last days of Ramadan to determine the date of Eid. Iranian Muslims take part in the Eid al-Fitr prayer and pay the Zakat al-Fitr . The Eid al-Fitr prayer, and the following sermon, has been led by Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran , at Tehran 's Grand Mosalla mosque of Tehran ( Mossalla ). The celebration

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4774-560: The only sources of Sharia were the Quran and the Sunnah . If not found in these two sources, they had to reach consensus, and early Muslims differed in their interpretation of religious matters. At the end of the era of the Companions, the Tabi'is found solutions by adopting different ways to interpret Islamic Shari'ah. Thus, the formula for establishing the Islamic Shari'ah was prepared by

4851-562: The patronage of the Abbasids , the Hanafi school flourished in Iraq and spread throughout the Islamic world, firmly establishing itself in Muslim Spain and Greater Iran , including Greater Khorasan , by the 9th century, where it acquired the support of rulers including Delhi Sultanate , Khwarazmian Empire , Kazakh Sultanate and the local Samanid rulers. Turkic expansion introduced the school to

4928-622: The popular Nepalese dessert sewai (vermicelli pudding) to mark the occasion. It is commemorated throughout the country with large prayers, dinners and social celebrations. Celebration in the Maldives include cultural performances such as fire performances. Eid is known in Indonesia as Hari Raya Idul Fitri, or more popularly as Lebaran , and is a national holiday . People return to their home town or city (an exodus known as mudik ) to celebrate with their families and to ask forgiveness from parents, in-laws, and other elders. Festivities start

5005-632: The principles.” Accordingly, the students of Abu Hanifa were participants in the establishment of this jurisprudential structure, they were not just listeners, accepting what was presented to them. And Abu Yusuf was not the only one who recorded what the opinion settled on, but in the circle of Abu Hanifa there were ten blogging, headed by the four big ones: Abu Yusuf, Muhammad bin Al-Hassan Al-Shaibani, Zufar bin Al-Hudhayl and Hassan bin Ziyad al-Luluii. Including: Hanafi usul recognises

5082-526: The region, but one common thread in all celebrations is generosity and hospitality. It is a common Palestinian Jordanian tradition for families to gather at the patriarchal home after the Eid prayers. Before the special Eid meal is served, young children will line up in front of each adult family member, who dispense money as gifts to the children. Jordanians also hang fanous or "Eid lanterns". In Lebanon , many concerts take place during Eid al-Fitr by Lebanese and other Arab superstars. Musicians also perform on

5159-559: The region, but one common thread in all celebrations is generosity and hospitality. It is a common Saudi tradition for families to gather at the patriarchal home after the Eid prayers. Before the special Eid meal is served, young children will line up in front of each adult family member, who dispense money as gifts to the children. Omanis would typically eat foods such as shuwa (slow-cooked lamb) with coffee (see Omani cuisine ). In some places such as Ibri , folklore songs and traditional dancing are often performed. In Yemen, Bint al-sahn

5236-459: The ruku, each time raising hands to the ears and dropping them. For the fourth time, the congregation says Allahu Akbar and subsequently goes into the ruku. The rest of the prayer is completed regularly. This completes the Eid prayer. After the prayer, there is a khutbah. The prayer starts with the Niyyat followed by five Takbirs . During every Takbir of the first rakat , a special Dua

5313-445: The rulings arbitrarily without them. He was diligent in practicing religion and exaggerated in advising about God, His Messenger and the believers. He would pick up questions one by one and present to them. He would hear what they had and say what he had. Debates would have continued with them for a month or more until one of the sayings was settled in it. Then Judge Abu Yusuf would formulate the principle from that, thus, he formulated all

5390-440: The science of Sharia or codifying it in chapters or organized books, but rather relied on the strength of their memorization for transmitting knowledge, Abu Hanifa feared that the next generation of the Muslim community would not understand Sharia laws well. His books consisted of Taharah (purification), Salat (prayer), other acts of Ibadah (worship), Muwamalah (public treatment), then Mawarith (inheritance). Under

5467-406: The sighting of the moon. The Maghrib (sunset) prayer is then performed in congregation and the formal moon-sighting results are announced thereafter. Eid es-Seghir is the name of Eid al-Fitr among Moroccans . Many families have a tradition of buying new clothes for their children during the holiday. Common food choices for eid dinner include couscous , lamb or beef brochettes and others. In

5544-573: The successor of his father, whereupon he delivered an address inspired by an "intolerant ecclesiasticism". Among other things the Emir passed a dictum that a fine of up to ten Kabuli Rupees would be levied on all who did not offer prayers in the mosques. A register of the daily attendance of all individuals was to be kept in various places and a “box of justice” was to be kept into which secret reports could be dropped reporting on people who had not obeyed this dictum of compulsory attendance for religious prayers at

5621-448: The traditionalist Medina-based Fiqhs, which favored correlating all laws to Quran and Hadiths and disfavored Islamic law based on discretion of jurists. The Abbasids patronized the Hanafi school from the 2nd Hijri century onwards. The Seljuk Turkish dynasties of 5th and 6th Hijri centuries, followed by Ottomans and Mughals, adopted Hanafi Fiqh. The Turkic expansion spread Hanafi Fiqh through Central Asia and into Indian subcontinent , with

5698-485: The women. In rural Bengal, unmarried Bengali girls would draw butterflies on the pithas, which has long been recognised by the Bengalis as a symbol of marriage. Wealthy Muslims in Bangladesh also distribute Zakat alms to the poor people. People visit the house of relatives, neighbour, and friends and greet each other saying " Eid Mubarak " (Happy Eid). People visits Eid fairs to enjoy the occasion. The fairs are arranged on

5775-519: The world. The day is also known as the First Eid or as the Lesser Eid (Arabic: العيد الصغير , romanized:  al-ʿĪd al-Ṣaghīr ) by some Muslim communities. Eid al-Fitr has a particular salah that consists of two rakats generally performed in an open field or large hall. It may only be performed in congregation ( jamāʿat ) and features seven additional Takbirs (raising of

5852-459: Was a teacher of Al-Shafi‘i , who, in turn, was a teacher of Ahmad ibn Hanbal . Thus all of the four great Imams of Sunni Fiqhs are connected to Ja'far directly and indirectly. The core of Hanafi doctrine was compiled in the 3rd Hijri century and has been gradually developing since then. The Abbasid Caliphate and most of the Muslim dynasties were some of the earliest adopters of the relatively more flexible Hanafi fiqh and preferred it over

5929-405: Was established by the 8th-century scholar , jurist , and theologian Abu Hanifa ( c.  699–767 CE ), a follower whose legal views were primarily preserved by his two disciples Abu Yusuf and Muhammad al-Shaybani . As the oldest and most-followed of the four major Sunni schools, it is also called the "school of the people of opinion" ( madhhab ahl al-ra'y ). Many Hanafis also follow

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