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59-5379: (Redirected from Egyptian Universities ) This is a list of universities in Egypt . The higher education sector of Egypt includes a number of state-funded, national and private universities . State-funded [ edit ] University Common abbreviation Year established Source Ain Shams University ASU 1950 Al-Azhar University AZU 975 Alexandria University ALEXU 1938 Assiut University AUN 1957 Aswan University ASWU 2012 Banha University BU 2005 Beni-Suef University BSU 2005 Cairo University CU 1908 Damanhour University DAU 2010 Damietta University DU 2012 Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology E-JUST 2010 Fayoum University FU 2005 Helwan University HU 1975 Kafrelsheikh University KFS 2006 Luxor University LU 2019 Mansoura University MANS 1972 Military Technical College MTC 1957 Minia University - 1976 Minufiya University - 1976 New Valley University NVU 2018 Port Said University PSU 2010 Sadat Academy for Management Sciences SAMS 1981 Sohag University SO 2006 South Valley University SVU 1958 Suez Canal University SCU 1964 Suez University SU 2012 Tanta University TU 1972 University of Sadat City USC 2013 Zagazig University ZU 1974 National universities [ edit ] University Common abbreviation Year established Source Zewail City of Science, Technology and Innovation ZC 2011 King Salman International University KSIU 2020 Galala University GU 2020 Alamein International University AIU 2020 New Mansoura University NMU 2021 Egypt University Of Informatics EUI 2021 Nile University NU 2006 Private universities [ edit ] University Common abbreviation Year established Source Heliopolis University HU 2012 German International University GIU 2018 German University in Cairo GUC 2003 Ahram Canadian University ACU 2005 The American University in Cairo AUC 1919 Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport AASTMT 1972 - as an Arab League Organization Arab Open University AOU 2002 British University in Egypt BUE 2005 Canadian International College CIC 2004 Delta University for Science and Technology DUST 2006 Egyptian Chinese University ECU 2016 Egyptian e-Learning University EELU 2008 Egyptian Russian University ERU 2006 European Universities in Egypt (University of London (incl. LSE), University of Central Lancashire, University of East London) EUE 2021 (2021, 2021, 2024) Future University in Egypt FUE 2006 Misr International University MIU 1996 Misr University for Science and Technology MUST 1996 Hertfordshire University In Egypt UH 2019 Modern Sciences and Arts University MSA 1996 MTI University MTI 2004 Nahda University in Beni Suef NUB 2006 October 6 University O6U 1996 Pharos University in Alexandria PUA 2007 Sinai University SU 2006 French University of Egypt UFE 2002 Badr University in Cairo BUC 2014 Badr University in Assiut BUA 2021 New Giza University NGU 2016 El Shorouk Academy SHA 1995 Toronto Metropolitan University Cairo TMU 2022 University of Prince Edward Island UPEI 2018 Ecole Supérieure Libre des Sciences Commerciales Appliquées ESLSCA 1998 - First MBA class in Egypt Horus University - Egypt HUE 2019 See also [ edit ] Education in Egypt List of medical schools in Egypt Higher education in

118-596: A broad variety of universities, colleges and academies. Founded in 1088, the University of Bologna is likely the oldest in the world . In 2009, the University of Bologna is, according to The Times , the only Italian college in the top 200 World Universities. Milan's Bocconi University has been ranked among the top 20 best business schools in the world by The Wall Street Journal international rankings, especially thanks to its M.B.A. program, which in 2007 placed it no. 17 in

177-489: A broad-spectrum view of tertiary education and detailed information on the nation's educational structure, accreditation procedures, and connections to state as well as federal agencies and entities. The Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education provides one framework for classifying U.S. colleges and universities in several different ways. US tertiary education also includes various non-profit organizations promoting professional development of individuals in

236-429: A key role in ensuring institutions meet minimum standards. It is large and diverse with institutions that are privately governed and institutions that are owned and operated by state and local governments. Some private institutions are affiliated with religious organizations whereas others are secular with enrollment ranging from a few dozen to tens of thousands of students. The United States Department of Education presents

295-472: A nondegree level is sometimes referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education. Higher education includes teaching, research, exacting applied work, as exists in medical schools and dental schools , and social services activities of universities. Within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level, and beyond that, graduate-level (or postgraduate level). The latter level of education

354-528: A prestigious group of twenty research-intensive European Universities. It has also been awarded ranking positions such as 1st in Italy and 7th in Europe (The Leiden Ranking – Universiteit Leiden). Tertiary education refers to post-secondary education received at universities (government or privately funded), monotechnics, polytechnics and colleges of education. After completing a secondary education, students may enroll in

413-485: A student may go to university, but may also stop at that point. Education in Italy is compulsory from 6 to 16 years of age, and is divided into five stages: kindergarten ( scuola dell'infanzia ), primary school ( scuola primaria or scuola elementare ), lower secondary school ( scuola secondaria di primo grado or scuola media inferiore ), upper secondary school ( scuola secondaria di secondo grado or scuola media superiore ) and university ( università ). Education

472-1196: A tertiary institution or acquire a vocational education . Students are required to sit for the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board Entrance Examination (JAMB) as well as the Secondary School Certificate Examination (SSCE) or General Certificate Examination (GCE) and meet varying cut-off marks to gain admission into a tertiary institution. According to MEXT (Ministry of Education) and UNESCO, following types of education are classified as tertiary education: University education (undergraduate, postgraduate and professional degrees), two-year colleges ( Tanki Daigaku ), colleges of technology and specialised colleges. In Hong Kong "tertiary education" or "higher education" refers to any education higher than secondary education. Tertiary education includes universities, post secondary colleges, statutory universities, and publicly funded institutions. King Salman International University King Salman International University has three campuses in South Sinai in

531-493: A wide knowledge of liberal arts and sciences. The Lisbon Recognition Convention stipulates that degrees and periods of study must be recognised in all of the Signatory Parties of the convention. The oldest known institutions of higher education are credited to Dynastic Egypt, with Pr-Anx (houses of life) built as libraries and scriptoriums, containing works on law, architecture, mathematics, and medicine, and involved in

590-425: Is different from Wikidata Use dmy dates from February 2014 Higher education Tertiary education , also referred to as third-level , third-stage or post-secondary education , is the educational level following the completion of secondary education . The World Bank , for example, defines tertiary education as including universities as well as trade schools and colleges . Higher education

649-419: Is free in Italy and free education is available to children of all nationalities who are residents in Italy. Italy has both a private and public education system. Italy has a large and international network of public or state-affiliated universities and schools offering degrees in higher education. State-run universities of Italy constitute the main percentage of tertiary education in Italy and are managed under

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708-614: Is monitored through the global indicator for target 4.3 in the sustainable development goal 4 (SDG 4), which measures the participation rate of youth and adults in formal and non-formal education and training in the previous 12 months, whether for work or non-work purposes. The right of access to higher education is mentioned in a number of international human rights instruments . The UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 declares, in Article 13, that "higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on

767-471: Is often referred to as graduate school , especially in North America. In addition to the skills that are specific to any particular degree, potential employers in any profession are looking for evidence of critical thinking and analytical reasoning skills, teamworking skills, information literacy , ethical judgment, decision-making skills, fluency in speaking and writing, problem solving skills, and

826-671: Is shown in the following table. The percentage of adults who have attained individual tertiary education levels by country is shown in the following table. A 2014 report by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development states that by 2014, 84 percent of young people were completing upper secondary education over their lifetimes, in high-income countries. Tertiary-educated individuals were earning twice as much as median workers. In contrast to historical trends in education, young women were more likely to complete upper secondary education than young men. Additionally, access to education

885-538: Is taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education , while vocational education beyond secondary education is known as further education in the United Kingdom , or included under the category of continuing education in the United States . Tertiary education generally culminates in the receipt of certificates , diplomas , or academic degrees . Higher education represents levels 5, 6, 7, and 8 of

944-409: Is the world's oldest university in continuous operation, and the first university in the sense of a higher-learning and degree-awarding institute, as the word universitas was coined at its foundation. Since World War II , developed and many developing countries have increased the participation of the age group who mostly studies higher education from the elite rate, of up to 15 per cent, to

1003-450: The 1997 version of its schema. They were referred to as level 5 and doctoral studies at level 6. In 2011, this was refined and expanded in the 2011 version of the structure. Higher education at undergraduate level, masters and doctoral level became levels 6, 7, and 8. Nondegree level tertiary education, sometimes referred to as further education or continuing education was reordered as level 4, with level 5 for some higher courses. In

1062-523: The 2011 version of the International Standard Classification of Education structure. Tertiary education at a nondegree level is sometimes referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education. UNESCO stated that tertiary education focuses on learning endeavors in specialized fields. It includes academic and higher vocational education. The World Bank 's 2019 World Development Report on

1121-488: The European Union , and more liberal policies regarding international migration . In the U.S., higher education is provided by universities , academies , colleges , seminaries , conservatories , and institutes of technology , and certain college-level institutions, including vocational schools , universities of applied sciences, trade schools, and other career-based colleges that award degrees. Tertiary education at

1180-528: The University of al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco is the oldest existing continually operating higher educational institution in the world. and is occasionally referred to as the oldest university by scholars. Undoubtedly, there are older institutions of higher education, for example, the University of Ez-Zitouna in Montfleury, Tunis , was first established in 737. The University of Bologna , Italy, founded in 1088,

1239-739: The Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan, the LUISS in Rome, the Polytechnic University of Turin , the Politecnico di Milano (which in 2011 was ranked as the 48th best technical university in the world by QS World University Rankings ), the University of Rome La Sapienza (which in 2005 was Europe's 33rd best university, and ranks among Europe's 50 and the world's 150 best colleges and in 2013,

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1298-570: The female enrollment ratio exceeding the male ratio by 4 percentage points. The tertiary gross enrollment ratio ranges from 9% in low-income countries to 77% in high-income countries , where, after rapid growth in the 2000s, reached a plateau in the 2010s. Between now and 2030, the biggest increase in tertiary enrollment ratios is expected in middle-income countries, where it will reach 52%. Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) commits countries to providing lifelong learning opportunities for all, including tertiary education. This commitment

1357-532: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education is rapidly making certain aspects of the traditional higher education system obsolete. The involvement and funding by foreign regimes in higher education in the US and Europe raised concerns regarding the erosion of democratic norms and hate speech on campuses. The total expenditure on tertiary education ( ISCED levels 5 to 8) as a percentage of GDP for individual countries

1416-907: The Arab world References [ edit ] ^ "Home" . Ain Shams University. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "جامعة الازهر ترحب بكم" . Al-Azhar University. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Home Page" . Alexandria University. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Homepage" . Assiut University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Home Page" . Aswan University. 21 January 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Benha University" . Benha University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Bani Suef University" . Beni Suef University. Archived from

1475-658: The Byzantine emperor Theodosius II innovated as he established the Pandidakterion , with a faculty of 31 professors, to train public servants. In the 7th and 8th centuries, "cathedral schools" were created in Western Europe. Meanwhile, the first Medresahs were founded in the Moslem empire – initially mere primary schools in the premises of major mosques, which gradually evolved toward secondary, later higher education. However high

1534-572: The Center for World University Rankings ranked the Sapienza University of Rome 62nd in the world and the top in Italy in its World University Rankings . ) and the University of Milan (whose research and teaching activities have developed over the years and have received important international recognition). This university is the only Italian member of the League of European Research Universities (LERU),

1593-3273: The Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe States with limited recognition Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland Dependencies and other territories Canary Islands  / Ceuta  / Melilla    (Spain) Madeira   (Portugal) Mayotte  / Réunion   (France) Saint Helena  / Ascension Island  / Tristan da Cunha   (United Kingdom) v t e List of universities in Asia Sovereign states Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus East Timor (Timor-Leste) Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen States with limited recognition Abkhazia Northern Cyprus Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan Dependencies and other territories British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Hong Kong Macau [REDACTED] Category [REDACTED] Asia portal Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_universities_in_Egypt&oldid=1246334450 " Categories : Universities in Egypt Egypt education-related lists Lists of universities and colleges in Africa Lists of universities and colleges by country Hidden categories: CS1 uses Arabic-language script (ar) CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar) Articles with short description Short description

1652-627: The basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education". In Europe , Article 2 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights , adopted in 1950, obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education . In 1994, the UNESCO Salamanca Statement called on the international community to endorse the approach of inclusive education, including at

1711-668: The cities of Ras Sedr, Al Tur and Sharm El Sheikh, each containing a number of faculties. The study at the university is based on the credit hour system that allows students to choose the courses they register to study in each semester, under academic guidance that tracks the student’s progress and ability to continue their studies King Salman International University contains 13 faculties, and offers 33 programs in fields of study ranging from medicine, science, engineering, media, arts, hospitality and communication. Faculties: Ras Sedr Branch El Tor Branch Sharm El Sheikh Branch - interior architecture - graphic design and branding

1770-666: The city of Taxila , later the great Buddhist monastery of Nalanda ( c.  427 - 1197 CE), attracted students and professors even from distant regions. In China , the Han dynasty established chairs to teach the Five Confucean Classics , in the Grand School, Taixue ( c.  3 - 1905  CE ), to train cadres for the imperial administration. All these higher-learning institutions became models for other schools within their sphere of cultural influence. In 425 CE,

1829-568: The creation of new tertiary colleges. Higher education in Canada includes provincial, territorial, Indigenous and military higher education systems. The ideal objective of Canadian higher education is to offer every Canadian the opportunity to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to realize their utmost potential. It aspires to cultivate a world-class workforce, enhance the employment rate of Canadians, and safeguard Canada's enduring prosperity. Higher education programs are intricately designed with

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1888-477: The days when few pupils progressed beyond primary education or basic education , the term "higher education" was often used to refer to secondary education, which can create some confusion. This is the origin of the term high school for various schools for children between the ages of 14 and 18 (United States) or 11 and 18 (United Kingdom and Australia). Globally, the gross enrollment ratio in tertiary education increased from 19% in 2000 to 38% in 2017, with

1947-480: The field of higher education and helping expand awareness of related issues like international student services and complete campus internationalization. Although tertiary education in the EU includes university, it can differ from country to country. After going to nursery school (French: école maternelle), elementary school (French: école primaire), middle school (French: collège), and high school (French: lycée),

2006-659: The future of work argues that given the future of work and the increasing role of technology in value chains, tertiary education becomes even more relevant for workers to compete in the labor market. Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education . This consists of universities , colleges and polytechnics that offer formal degrees beyond high school or secondary school education. The International Standard Classification of Education in 1997 initially classified all tertiary education together in

2065-604: The global term " higher education " (i.e. post-18 study). In 2018 the Welsh Government adopted the term "tertiary education" to refer to post-16 education and training in Wales. Since the 1970s, however, specialized further education colleges in England and Wales have called themselves " tertiary colleges " although being part of the secondary education process. These institutions cater for both school leavers and adults, thus combining

2124-507: The intellectual level of these schools could be, it would be anachronistic to call them "universities". Their organization and purposes were markedly different from the corporations of students and teachers, independent from both the Church and the State, which established themselves from the 12th century in Western Europe as Universitas Studiorum . According to UNESCO and Guinness World Records ,

2183-453: The main functions of an FE college and a sixth form college . Generally, district councils with such colleges have adopted a tertiary system or structure where a single local institution provides all the 16–19 and adult education, and where schools do not universally offer sixth forms (i.e. schools only serve ages 11–16). However the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 has effectively prevented

2242-409: The mass rate of 16 to 50 per cent. In many developed countries, participation in higher education has continued to increase towards universal or, what Trow later called, open access, where over half of the relevant age group participate in higher education. Higher education is important to national economies , both as an industry, in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for

2301-728: The original on 10 April 2006 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Home Page" . Minia University. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Minoufiya University" . Menofia.edu.eg. Archived from the original on 12 January 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "NVU Official Website" . ^ "Port Said University" . Port Said University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ أكاديمية السادات للعلوم الإدارية (in Arabic). Sadat Academy for Management Sciences . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Home Page" . Sohag University. Archived from

2360-464: The original on 11 April 2021 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Home Page" . Kafrelsheikh University. Archived from the original on 17 February 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ ">Luxor University" . www.luxor.edu.eg . Retrieved 16 August 2023 . ^ "Mansoura University" . Mansoura University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "About MTC" . Military Technical College. Archived from

2419-944: The original on 12 February 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Misr International University" . Misr International University. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "MUST-Misr University for Science & Technology" . Misr University for Science and Technology. 22 July 2002 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Home I GAF I University of Hertfordshire in Egypt" . www.gaf.edu.eg . Retrieved 16 August 2023 . ^ "Modern Sciences and Arts University" . Modern Sciences and Arts University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Join The Elite Society" . Modern University for Technology and Information . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "NUB" . NNahda University in Benisuef. Archived from

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2478-512: The original on 12 March 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "South Valley University" . South Valley University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Suez Canal University" . Suez Canal University. Archived from the original on 19 February 2013 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Home" . Suez University. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Tanta University" . Tanta University. Archived from

2537-704: The original on 16 January 2012 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Cairo University" . Cairo University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "::Damanhour University — Egypt::" . Damanhour University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Damietta University" . Damietta University. Archived from the original on 20 February 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology" . Ejust.edu.eg . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Home page" . Fayoum University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Helwan University" . Helwan University. 11 November 2012. Archived from

2596-1018: The original on 2 January 2015 . Retrieved 29 December 2014 . ^ "About KSIU" . Retrieved 9 September 2021 . ^ "About GU" . Archived from the original on 18 September 2021 . Retrieved 9 September 2021 . ^ "Homepage" . Retrieved 9 September 2021 . ^ "About NMU" . Archived from the original on 9 September 2021 . Retrieved 9 September 2021 . ^ www.turndigital.net. "Egypt University of Informatics (EUI) – An ICT related University" . eui.edu.eg . Retrieved 16 August 2023 . ^ "Home page | NU" . nu.edu.eg . Retrieved 16 August 2023 . ^ "Heliopolis University" . Heliopolis University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "The German International University" . German International University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "The German University in Cairo" . German University in Cairo. Archived from

2655-480: The original on 2 June 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Home" . Ahram Canadian University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "AUC" . The American University in Cairo . Retrieved 4 January 2016 . ^ "Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport" . Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Welcome" . Arab Open University. Archived from

2714-969: The original on 20 February 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "October 6 University" . 6 October University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Delta University for Science and Technology" . Delta University for Science and Technology. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Sinai University" . Sinai University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Université Française d'Egypte" . Université Française d'Egypte. 31 December 2013 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Badr University in Cairo" . Badr University in Cairo. ^ "BUA – Badr University in Assuit" . Retrieved 16 August 2023 . ^ "Newgiza University" . Retrieved 1 August 2024 . ^ "El Shorouk Academy" . El Shorouk Academy. ^ "Home" . TMU Cairo . Archived from

2773-425: The original on 22 February 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Home Page" . University of Sadat City. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Zagazig University" . Zagazig University. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "The University of Science and Technology" . Archived from

2832-910: The original on 23 February 2024 . Retrieved 16 August 2023 . ^ "Home" . UPEI Cairo Campus . Retrieved 16 August 2023 . ^ "ESLSCA University – Europe's Leader in Business Education since 1949" . Retrieved 16 August 2023 . ^ "Horus University - Egypt" . Retrieved 2 August 2024 . v t e List of universities in Africa Sovereign states Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of

2891-1007: The original on 3 February 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "The British University In Egypt" . British University in Egypt. Archived from the original on 14 August 2015 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Learn, Apply & Excel" . Canadian International College, Cairo. Archived from the original on 24 February 2014 . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "Pharos University in Alexandria" . Pharos University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "European Universities in Egypt" . EUE:home . Retrieved 22 November 2022 . ^ "Egyptian E-Learning University" . Egyptian E-Learning University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "ERU" . Egyptian Russian University . Retrieved 16 February 2014 . ^ "EUE:Home -" . EUE . Retrieved 15 January 2023 . ^ "Future University inEgypt" . Future University. Archived from

2950-575: The perspective of the learner in focus, striving to mitigate risks and assure definite outcomes. Within Australia "tertiary education" refers to continuing studies after a student completes secondary school. Tertiary education options include universities, technical and further education (TAFE) or private universities. The higher education system in the United States is decentralized and regulated independently by each state with accreditors playing

3009-550: The rest of the economy. College educated workers have commanded a measurable wage premium and are much less likely to become unemployed than less educated workers. In recent years, universities have been criticized for permitting or actively encouraging grade inflation . Widening participation can increase the supply of graduates in individual fields of study over the demand for their skills, aggravating graduate unemployment , underemployment , overqualification and educational inflation . Some commentators have suggested that

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3068-590: The status of Doctoral Colleges, which function at graduate and post-graduate level. Nine further schools are direct offshoots of the universities (i.e. do not have their own 'university status'). The first one is the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (founded in 1810 by Napoleon as a branch of École Normale Supérieure ), taking the model of organization from the famous École Normale Supérieure . These institutions are commonly referred to as "Schools of Excellence" (i.e. "Scuole di Eccellenza"). Italy hosts

3127-411: The supervision of Italian's Ministry of Education. Italian universities are among the oldest universities in the world; the University of Bologna (founded in 1088) notably, is the oldest one ever ; also, University of Naples Federico II are is the world's oldest state-funded university in continuous operation. Most universities in Italy are state-supported. 33 Italian universities were ranked among

3186-666: The supply of graduates in some fields of study is exceeding the demand for their skills, aggravating graduate unemployment , underemployment and credentialism . Graduates of tertiary education are likely to have different worldviews and moral values than non-graduates. Research indicates that graduates are more likely to have libertarian principles with less adherence to social hierarchies. Graduates are also more likely to embrace cultural and ethnic diversity and express more positive views towards minority groups. For international relationships, graduates are more likely to favor openness, supporting policies like free trade , open borders ,

3245-599: The tertiary level. Since this time the world has witnessed the global massification of tertiary education, yet this explosion of facilities and enrollment has largely entrenched and exacerbated the exclusion of people with disabilities. This is particularly the case in low- and middle-income contexts, where university completion rates for students with disabilities are much lower compared to completion rates of students without disabilities. Some tertiary schools have been criticized as having permitted or actively encouraged grade inflation . In addition, certain scholars contend that

3304-580: The training of "swnw" and "swnwt" (male and female doctors ); extant Egyptian papyri from the 3rd millennia BC are in several collections. In the Greek world, Plato's Academy ( c.  387 - 86 BC), Aristotle's Lyceum ( c.  334 - 86 BC) and other philosophical-mathematical schools became models for other establishments, particularly in Alexandria of Egypt, under the Ptolemies . In South Asia ,

3363-489: The world in terms of graduate recruitment preference by major multinational companies. Bocconi was also ranked by Forbes as the best worldwide in the specific category Value for Money. In May 2008, Bocconi overtook several traditionally top global business schools in the Financial Times Executive education ranking, reaching no. 5 in Europe and no. 15 in the world. Other top universities and polytechnics are

3422-665: The world's top 500 in 2019, the third-largest number in Europe after the United Kingdom and Germany. There are also a number of Superior Graduate Schools ( Grandes écoles ) or Scuola Superiore Universitaria , which offer officially recognized titles, including the Diploma di Perfezionamento equivalent to a Doctorate, Dottorato di Ricerca i.e. Research Doctorate or Doctor Philosophiae i.e. PhD. Some of them also organize master's degree courses. There are three Superior Graduate Schools with "university status", three institutes with

3481-416: Was expanding and growth in the number of people receiving university education was rising sharply. By 2014, close to 40 percent of people aged 25–34 (and around 25 percent of those aged 55–64), were being educated at university. Under devolution in the United Kingdom , education is administered separately in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland. In England, the term "tertiary education" aligns with

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