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16-729: The Eel River Converter Station was the first operating fully solid-state HVDC converter station in the world, although some stations in Europe had mixed thyristor valves in with their original mercury-arc valves. The design and equipment for the Eel River HVDC station was provided by General Electric with its commissioning being completed in 1972. The Eel River Converter Station consists of two separate 12-pulse bidirectional solid-state non-synchronous HVDC ties of 4800 thyristors (each nominally rated 160 MW) connecting 230-kV transmission systems of Hydro-Québec and NB Power . The converter station has

32-425: A x 2 [ − c o s ( α ) − c o s ( ω t ) ] {\displaystyle {\omega t>{\pi +\alpha }}:I(\omega t)=I_{tcr-max}{\sqrt {2}}[-cos(\alpha )-cos(\omega t)]} Otherwise, zero. A TCR comprises two main items of equipment: the reactor itself, which is usually air-cored (although iron-cored reactors are possible) and

48-418: A x 2 [ c o s ( α ) − c o s ( ω t ) ] {\displaystyle \alpha <\omega t<2\pi -\alpha :I(\omega t)=I_{tcr-max}{\sqrt {2}}[cos(\alpha )-cos(\omega t)]} ω t > π + α : I ( ω t ) = I t c r − m

64-500: A x = V s v c 2 π f L t c r {\displaystyle I_{tcr-max}={V_{svc} \over {2\pi fL_{tcr}}}} Where: V svc is the rms value of the line-to-line busbar voltage to which the SVC is connected L tcr is the total TCR inductance per phase The current lags 90° behind the voltage in accordance with classical AC circuit theory. As α increases above 90°, up to

80-496: A resistor - capacitor circuit connected across it, to force the voltage across the valve to divide uniformly amongst the thyristors and to damp the "commutation overshoot" which occurs when the valve turns off. A TCR operating with α > 90° generates substantial amounts of harmonic currents, particularly at 3rd, 5th and 7th harmonics. By connecting the TCR in delta, the harmonic currents of order 3n ("triplen harmonics") flow only around

96-412: A capacity factor of over 100%, making it the most heavily used HVDC station in the world. A report by New Brunswick System Operator in 2009 said: Eel River HVDC was commissioned in 1972 and was built as the world's first solid state back to back converter stations. There has been no major refurbishment done to the station except for the replacement of the converter transformers in the mid-1980s due to

112-406: A delta arrangement to provide partial cancellation of harmonics . Often the main TCR reactor is split into two halves, with the thyristor valve connected between the two halves. This protects the vulnerable thyristor valve from damage due to flashovers, lightning strikes etc. [REDACTED] The current in the TCR is varied from maximum (determined by the connection voltage and the inductance of

128-608: A design defect. A recent engineering study of the Eel River facility recommended the replacement of the HVDC converter stations controls and the upgrades of the air cooled thyristor valves with conventional liquid cooled thyristor valves. Both projects would require multiple years to complete. The planning is underway for this project. Eel River Converter Station was successfully upgraded by ABB and went into operation in November 2014. The station

144-760: A maximum of 180°, the current decreases and becomes discontinuous and non-sinusoidal. The TCR current, as a function of time, is then given by: ω t < π − α : I ( ω t ) = I t c r − m a x 2 [ − c o s ( α ) − c o s ( ω t ) ] {\displaystyle \omega t<{\pi -\alpha }:I(\omega t)=I_{tcr-max}{\sqrt {2}}[-cos(\alpha )-cos(\omega t)]} α < ω t < 2 π − α : I ( ω t ) = I t c r − m

160-533: A nominal throughput rating of 40 MW to 320 MW and an overload capability of up to 350 MW. The station was built to provide Hydro-Québec with its first major power interconnection with the remainder of eastern North America to enable export of surplus energy made available by the completion of the Churchill Falls hydro-electric project in Labrador. For the first thirteen years of its operation, Eel River operated at

176-444: Is a magnetically controlled reactor (MCR), a type of magnetic amplifier otherwise known as a transductor . In parallel with series connected reactance and thyristor valve, there may also be a capacitor bank, which may be permanently connected or which may use mechanical or thyristor switching. The combination is called a static VAR compensator . A thyristor controlled reactor is usually a three-phase assembly, normally connected in

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192-456: Is needed because the maximum voltage rating of commercially available thyristors (up to approximately 8.5 kV) is insufficient for the voltage at which the TCR is connected. For some low-voltage applications, it may be possible to avoid the series-connection of thyristors; in such cases the thyristor valve is simply an inverse-parallel connection of two thyristors. In addition to the thyristors themselves, each inverse-parallel pair of thyristors has

208-465: The delta and do not escape into the connected AC system. However, the 5th and 7th harmonics (and to a lesser extent 11th, 13th, 17th etc.) must be filtered in order to prevent excessive voltage distortion on the AC network. This is usually accomplished by connecting harmonic filters in parallel with the TCR. The filters provide capacitive reactive power which partly offsets the inductive reactive power provided by

224-423: The reactor) to almost zero by varying the "Firing Delay Angle", α. α is defined as the delay angle from the point at which the voltage becomes positive to the point at which the thyristor valve is turned on and current starts to flow. Maximum current is obtained when α is 90°, at which point the TCR is said to be in "full conduction" and the rms current is given by: I t c r − m

240-468: The thyristor valve. Depending on the system voltage, an intermediate power transformer may be required to step up from the voltage handled by the thyristors to the transmission system voltage. The thyristor valve typically consists of 5-20 inverse-parallel-connected pairs of thyristors connected in series. The inverse-parallel connection is needed because most commercially available thyristors can conduct current in only one direction. The series connection

256-530: Was named an IEEE Milestone in 2011. Thyristor valve In an electric power transmission system , a thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) is a reactance connected in series with a bidirectional thyristor valve. The thyristor valve is phase-controlled, which allows the value of delivered reactive power to be adjusted to meet varying system conditions. Thyristor-controlled reactors can be used for limiting voltage rises on lightly loaded transmission lines. Another device which used to be used for this purpose

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