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60-721: Edythe Baker (1899–1971) was an American pianist and dancer. Baker was born in Girard, Kansas . Her parents divorced around 1905, and Edith moved to Kansas City, Missouri with her mother. From ages 8 to 14, Baker was educated at St. Mary's Convent in Independence, Missouri , receiving piano and voice lessons. There are varying accounts of her musical development during her early teenage years. One describes her work at Nowlin Music Co. in Kansas City as

120-526: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

180-449: A bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 16.5% of the population. 26.6% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 22.5% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 21.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 111.7 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that

240-568: A contract" with Fox "and is now being besieged by musical comedy companies." Just a month later, Baker is noted as having signed a two-year contract with Aeolian Records to make player piano rolls. "After leaving here [Kansas City, MO] two years ago" Baker "has been headlining on the Keith circuit as a pianist and composer... she will be featured in theaters in New York and vicinity by the Aeolian company." She

300-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

360-602: A gently undulating prairie at the center of the county. It is regularly laid out, has a public square in the center. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Girard has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The 2020 United States census counted 2,496 people, 1,008 households, and 661 families in Girard. The population density

420-561: A law passed in March 1871, Girard became a city of the third class. In early April the first city officers were elected. The last meeting of the trustees was held April 5, and the first meeting of the new Council was held on April 7. Franklin Playter started the first bank in Girard in June, 1871. In 1872, he erected for the accommodation of his business a two-story brick building, the first brick building in

480-477: A major theatrical star. She starred in the play One Damn Thing After Another by Charles B. Cochran and Richard Rodgers . Rodgers highly regarded Baker and mentioned her kindly in his autobiography, noting her novel performance style. She continued to record, with her last session in 1933. Baker's music can be heard online via the Smithsonian Folkways Recordings site. In 1928, Baker married

540-476: A moving picture house. She did this for two years, returned to Kansas City, and became a popular cafe player. Harry Fox, a vaudeville performer, saw her act in one such place and offered her a job in his company. In September 1919, "Edythe Baker" was billed with Willie Smith in a Vaudeville act in Fall River, MA. One observer noted that Baker practiced five or six hours daily and "developed a system of playing that

600-640: A musician and saleswoman. Another account claims she received lessons from the composer-performer Ernie Burnett, who composed ' Melancholy Baby '. She supposedly also regularly visited the Orpheum Theatre in Kansas City, where she listened to different piano styles. Allegedly, she could support her mother and brother by age 15, playing ragtime piano in small cabarets. Her "peculiar style" along with her good looks made her "a favorite among cabaret regulars." Yet another account has her running away from school and home to Leavenworth, MO, and finding work playing piano in

660-474: A path almost half a mile wide. It traveled by the outskirts of Girard into the small community of Ringo, into Franklin, and then by the outer reaches of Mulberry. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 2.44 square miles (6.32 km ), of which, 2.40 square miles (6.22 km ) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km ) is water. This city is located on

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720-463: A regular there (as a dancer and musician) as well as with the "Ziegfeld 9 O'Clock Revue," during 1920-1921. One account stated that "Her act is entitled 'Ten Fingers of Syncopation,' and her playing makes it difficult for members of the audience to keep their feet still." After working for Ziegfeld, she had principal roles in several other Broadway musicals through 1926 while continuing to record jazz music. In 1926, Baker moved to London, where she became

780-783: A wealthy aristocrat Gerard d'Erlanger and became a fixture in London high society, allegedly teaching the Prince of Wales how to dance the popular dance known as the Black Bottom . She and her husband divorced in 1934. Despite her fame, Baker retained a common touch, as recounted by John Durnford-Slater in Commando: Memoirs of a Fighting Commando in World War Two . "In 1927, when I went up to London for my army examination... I saw and heard Edythe Baker playing 'My Heart Stood Still' and 'The Birth of

840-424: Is described as 19 years old. Aeolian extolled her as "the foremost ragtime pianist of vaudeville" and claimed that "Miss Baker's conception of the various kind of 'Blues' so much in vogue at present is considered the most unique of its kind. Her playing is both snappy and artistic, while her charming personality is apparent in everything she interprets". In 1920 she auditioned for Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr . "A piano

900-409: Is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of

960-685: The Appeal, making the Girard, Kansas name known. During the decade of the 1900s, Eugene V. Debs lived in Girard and worked on the Appeal . He was the Social Democratic Party candidate for President of the United States in the election of 1900. He ran for President again on the Socialist Party of America ticket in 1904, 1908, and 1912. Debs received 901,000 votes in the election of 1912 (6% of

1020-539: The Atlanta Penitentiary. He received 919,799 votes (3.4% of the vote) despite being imprisoned. President Warren G. Harding pardoned Debs in December 1921. In 1915 Emanuel Julius was invited to move to Girard and write for Appeal to Reason , then the largest socialist periodical in the country. Julius married Marcet Haldeman in 1916. At the suggestion of Marcet's aunt, Jane Addams of Hull House, both assumed

1080-511: The Blues'. I thought this the greatest thing I had experienced, and was still of the same opinion in 1944. One evening... our hostess said that she would get the use of the bathroom in the flat above, this being Edythe Baker's flat. Baker... personally cleaned out the bath, ran it and put in the bath salts. As I lay in the bath I could hear 'My Heart Stood Still' being played on the piano. The greatest bath of all time? Of course it was." Baker returned to

1140-703: The FBI under J. Edgar Hoover viewed the Little Blue Books' inclusion of such subjects as socialism, atheism, and frank treatment of sexuality as a threat; Haldeman-Julius was added to the enemies list. This caused a rapid decline in the number of bookstores carrying the Little Blue Books. Emanuel Haldeman-Julius died July 31, 1951, at his home in Girard. He was found drowned in his own swimming pool by his second wife of nine years, Sue Haldeman-Julius. The Little Blue Books continued to be reprinted after Haldeman-Julius' death. They were sold by mail order by his son until 1978, when

1200-509: The Girard printing plant and warehouse were destroyed by fire. In May 2003 , four people were killed and over a dozen injured by the biggest tornado in Crawford County in recent memory. At least ten people died in southeast Kansas and southwest Missouri. The Girard tornado was first rated as an F4, but is a strong candidate for an upgrade to F5 status. The tornado touched down at 4:40 p.m. near McCune in western Crawford County, cutting

1260-549: The United States in August 1945. She married Girard S. Brewer in Orange, California, on December 2, 1961. The couple resided there through the time of Baker's death in 1971. Girard, Kansas Girard is a city in and the county seat of Crawford County , Kansas , United States. As of the 2020 census , the population of the city was 2,496. Girard was founded in the spring of 1868, in opposition to Crawfordsville, and named after

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1320-879: The United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

1380-551: The age of 18 and 14.1% of those ages 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,789 people, 1,080 households, and 710 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,162.1 inhabitants per square mile (448.7/km ). There were 1,228 housing units at an average density of 511.7 per square mile (197.6/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 94.4% White , 1.8% African American , 0.8% Native American , 0.2% Asian , 0.9% from other races , and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.7% of

1440-622: The annual "Little Balkan Days" event. To dig the coal, the city began a concentrated effort to attract coal miners from other areas of the United States and from the coal-producing nations of Europe. Overseas, broadsides were distributed along the Mediterranean, promising prosperity in the coal fields of southeast Kansas. Steamship companies sent agents throughout Europe to recruit workers, underwriting one-way passage. From 1880 through 1915, huge waves of immigrants came to southeast Kansas. In all, over fifty nationalities came to mine coal and work in

1500-627: The area's smelters and other industries. In the first decades of the 20th century, Girard became a hub of socialist politics. Populist Percy Daniels , whose farm was nearby in Crawford Township, briefly owned the Girard Herald and used it to promote his views; he was elected lieutenant governor in 1892. In 1896, Julius Wayland moved to Girard from Kansas City , Missouri and brought with him his socialist periodical Appeal to Reason . In 1900 he employed Fred Warren as his co-editor. Warren

1560-403: The average family size was 2.95. In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.8% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 25.9% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males. The median income for a household in the city

1620-512: The book helped to increase circulation of the newspaper to 175,000. After the book was published by Doubleday in 1906, the popularity of the Appeal to Reason increased, as did the attacks on Wayland and Warren. The phenomenal success of Wayland's newspaper meant that he developed a printing plant capable of handling a weekly newspaper of huge circulation; on occasion more than 400,000 copies per week were printed. The Appeal to Reason Company issued hundreds of other socialist publications in addition to

1680-549: The city. In June, 1879, this bank was succeeded by the Bank of Girard, established by E. R. Moffit. The Bank of Girard was succeeded in 1882 by the Girard Bank. The Girard Mills were built in 1870, and began operations in the spring of 1871. The first building was a 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 -story frame, costing, with the machinery and power, $ 10,000. The property was owned by Tontz & Hitz. In 1879, Tontz retired from active participation in

1740-427: The city. The population density was 1,461.4 inhabitants per square mile (564.2/km ). There were 1,219 housing units at an average density of 642.4 per square mile (248.0/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 96.93% White , 1.05% African American , 0.54% Native American , 0.11% Asian , 0.04% Pacific Islander , 0.22% from other races , and 1.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.69% of

1800-517: The counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of

1860-418: The county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where the county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in

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1920-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

1980-554: The first half of the 20th century in the early 21st century is dominated by agriculture. With the growth of the mining industry in Crawford County, large numbers of immigrants from Southern Europe and the Balkans were brought in to work in the mines. These immigrants were more often adherents of Catholicism in contrast to the generally Protestant population previously in the county. At the time this created social tension but today Crawford county celebrates its South European heritage with

2040-424: The imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of

2100-572: The increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized the term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan

2160-611: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

2220-732: The later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With

2280-411: The machinery is propelled by a twenty-five horse-power engine. Carbon Creek was the location of the first mining camp of the county. No shafts were sunk at first, but several strip pits were opened. From the strip pits, slopes were run along the veins, and coal operations opened on a small scale. By 1877 perhaps one hundred miners were working along Carbon Creek, getting out coal. In the 1960s many of

2340-416: The management of the business, In 1882 he sold his interest to Hitz, who erected a 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 -story brick mill, put in five run of buhrs, and two sets of Gray's patent rollers, making it a combined mill. The Crawford County Mills were built in 1870 by a stock company. These mills are two and a half stories high, contain three run of buhrs and one set of rollers, thus being also a combined mill, and

2400-423: The median household income was $ 37,143 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 6,281) and the median family income was $ 43,611 (+/- $ 12,187). Males had a median income of $ 26,813 (+/- $ 5,417) versus $ 22,266 (+/- $ 3,671) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 25,070 (+/- $ 4,501). Approximately, 10.1% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line , including 27.6% of those under

2460-403: The mines closed. Today the landscape of southeastern Crawford County is covered with long strip mines now full of water and serving as fishing lakes & unfarmed wildlife habitat. The ruins of abandoned zinc and lead smelters can also be seen; many are Superfund sites polluted with the toxic remains of smelter operations. The economy that was driven by industrialized mining and smelting during

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2520-409: The population. There were 1,063 households, out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.2% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.9% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and

2580-442: The population. There were 1,080 households, of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.4% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.3% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

2640-752: The provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized

2700-764: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

2760-549: The surname Haldeman-Julius. In 1919, Emanuel became co-owner and editor of Appeal to Reason and began printing the first of the small paperback books in Girard which soon became the foundation for his Little Blue Books series. His vision was to make good literature available to the masses at a cheap price. At the end of nine years, the small project had become a gigantic publishing venture; Emanuel Haldeman-Julius became known as "the Henry Ford of literature". Following World War II,

2820-507: The town of Girard, Pennsylvania , the former home of trustee Charles Strong. It was based around the surveyed line of the Kansas City, Fort Scott and Gulf Railroad , in an attempt to gain an advantage over its rival. The first post office in Girard was established in September 1868. The first celebration in Girard occurred on July 4, 1868, marking Sunday school and Independence Day. Under

2880-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

2940-538: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

3000-552: The vote). In 1908, he kicked off his campaign for president from the steps of the Crawford County courthouse in Girard. In 1912 he carried Crawford County (one of four counties he carried nationwide). During World War I , Debs was a subject of efforts by President Wilson to suppress dissent against the war. He was convicted of violating the Smith Espionage Act and, in September 1918, was sentenced to 10 years in prison. In 1920 he ran for President while still incarcerated in

3060-421: Was $ 32,847, and the median income for a family was $ 37,014. Males had a median income of $ 26,431 versus $ 20,682 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,668. About 8.1% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 20.4% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over. The community is served by Girard USD 248 public school district. The Girard Press

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3120-502: Was 1,069.0 per square mile (412.7/km ). There were 1,142 housing units at an average density of 489.1 per square mile (188.8/km ). The racial makeup was 88.94% (2,220) white or European American (88.02% non-Hispanic white ), 1.92% (48) black or African-American , 0.96% (24) Native American or Alaska Native , 0.44% (11) Asian , 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian , 0.52% (13) from other races , and 7.21% (180) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race

3180-432: Was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.97. The median age in the city was 39 years. 24.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 24.6% were from 45 to 64; and 18.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.2% male and 51.8% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,773 people, 1,063 households, and 723 families residing in

3240-425: Was 2.64% (66) of the population. Of the 1,008 households, 31.4% had children under the age of 18; 45.1% were married couples living together; 29.7% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 29.9% of households consisted of individuals and 18.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.3 and the average family size was 2.8. The percent of those with

3300-449: Was a well-known figure on the left and managed to persuade some of America's leading progressives to contribute to the Appeal to Reason . In 1904, Warren commissioned Upton Sinclair to write a novel about immigrant workers in the Chicago meat-packing houses. Wayland provided Sinclair with a $ 500 advance and after seven weeks' research, he wrote the novel, The Jungle . Serialized in 1905,

3360-623: Was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of the United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government

3420-489: Was entirely her own. She was one of the first pianists to 'play against time' to achieve that 'heartbreak rhythm.'" Baker is in March 1920 described as a "pianist featured in Harry Fox's new vaudeville offering" having come "to New York only a few months ago from Kansas City, alone and unheralded, in search of a career as a concert pianist." Yet "An offer to do a “blues” bit... drew such attention to her skill that she soon signed

3480-405: Was later published as a nine-column folio weekly. Girard Press ceased publication in September 2008. Hometown Girard launched on February 15, 2013 and is published bi-weekly (every two weeks). County seat In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below

3540-500: Was moved by Warner and Wasser from Fort Scott to Girard in November, 1869, the first issue appearing at the latter place on the 11th of the month. The paper took strong ground in favor of the validity of Mr. Joy's title to the neutral lands, and on this account its office and material were set fire to on July 14, 1871, and destroyed. The loss was $ 4,000. New material was obtained, and the paper, enlarged and improved, re-appeared August 13, and

3600-532: Was placed on the great bare stage of the New Amsterdam Theatre and the girl went to it." When she finished, "Ziegfeld asked her to stand up. He was amazed at her powerful playing and said he wanted to know where on earth all her strength came from." Ziegfeld cast her in the "Ziegfeld Midnight Frolic," an after-the-show cabaret staged at the rooftop restaurant of the New Amsterdam Theater , and became

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