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78-1207: Born into a working-class family in Pittsfield , Massachusetts , Andrews received a BA from Amherst College in 1916 and a PhD in education from Yale University in 1930. He taught high-school English and social studies from 1920 to 1927 and worked as curator of history at the New York State Museum from 1931 to 1933. Andrews' interest in Shakerism began in 1923, and he received a Guggenheim Fellowship in American history in 1937 to advance his research into Shaker material culture. From 1941 to 1956, Andrews taught at Scarborough Day School , in Scarborough-on-Hudson , New York , where he served as dean and history department chair. He frequently corresponded with Thomas Merton . The Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library , in Winterthur, Delaware , holds his collection of manuscripts and published materials concerning Shakerism. This collection

156-545: A humid continental climate ( Dfb ). Winters are harsh due the city's high elevation at 1,039 ft (317 m), with an average annual snowfall of 73.0 inches (1,850 mm) and temperatures dipping to 0 °F (−18 °C) or colder 13 times per year. Summers, however, are typically warm and pleasant, with temperatures reaching 90 °F (32 °C) just six times per year. The record high and record low are 101 °F (38 °C) and −26 °F (−32 °C), recorded on July 23, 1926, and February 15, 1943, respectively. Over

234-629: A 1791 by-law prohibiting anyone from playing "baseball" within 80 yards (73 m) of the new meeting house in Pittsfield. A reference librarian, AnnMarie Harris, found the actual by-law in the Berkshire Athenaeum library and its age was verified by researchers at the Williamstown Art Conservation Center. If authentic and if actually referring to a recognizable version of the modern game, the 1791 document, would be, as of 2004,

312-432: A household in the city in 2010 was $ 35,655, and the median income for a family was $ 46,228. Males had a median income of $ 35,538 versus $ 26,341 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 20,549. About 8.9% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 16.7% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over. Pittsfield employs the mayor-council form of government. The mayor

390-507: A multifaceted variety of positions of responsibility both domestically and internationally. The role of the politician has changed dramatically over time, for example, Pericles of Athens played an important role in politics in ancient Greece both in public life and in decision-making as depicted in Philip Foltz's 19th-century painting. Over time the figure of the politician has evolved to include many forms and functions. For example, In

468-471: A new business venture using their political connections. The personal histories of politicians have been frequently studied, as it is presumed that their experiences and characteristics shape their beliefs and behaviors. There are four pathways by which a politician's biography could influence their leadership style and abilities. First, a politician’s biography may shape their core beliefs, which are essential to shaping their worldview. The second pathway

546-659: A result of GE's operations in Pittsfield. The highest concentrations of PCBs in the Housatonic River are found from the site of the GE plant in Pittsfield to Woods Pond in Lenox, Massachusetts , where they have been measured up to 140 mg/kg (140 ppm). About 50% of all the PCBs in the river is estimated to be retained in the sediment behind Woods Pond dam. This is estimated to be about 11,000 pounds of PCBs. Birds and fish that live in and around

624-414: A role in legislative gridlock and negatively impact public perception, which negatively impacts politicians’ interests. Additionally, research highlighted that politicians, especially populist politicians, may create a challenge for themselves by increasingly accusing the media of spreading misinformation or “fake news.” Such accusations can undermine the credibility of media platforms, even though trust in

702-694: A role in shaping shape voter behavior and political preferences Also, educational background in politics also plays an important role in shaping the political awareness of politicians and plays a major role in increasing people’s confidence in them. Some critics often accuse politicians of not communicating with the public. They accuse politicians' speeches of being sometimes overly formal, filled with many euphemisms and metaphors, and generally seen as an attempt to "obscure, mislead, and confuse". Lack of awareness, selfishness, manipulation , and dishonesty are perceptions that people often accuse politicians of, and many see them as prioritizing personal interests over

780-400: A speculative investment. He planned to subdivide and resell to others who would settle there. He formed a partnership with Philip Livingston , a wealthy kinsman from Albany, New York , and Col. John Stoddard of Northampton , who had claim to 1,000 acres (4.0 km ) here. A group of young armed militia men came and began to clear the land in 1743, but the threat of Indian resistance around

858-728: A town, with the winning design submitted by Shaun Harris. On the state level, Pittsfield has a single elected representative to the Massachusetts House of Representatives : the Second Berkshire District , which covers the entire city proper and is represented by Tricia Farley-Bouvier . In the Massachusetts Senate , the city is represented by Paul Mark of the Berkshire, Hampshire, Franklin and Hampden district . Tara Jacobs (D-North Adams) represents Pittsfield as part of

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936-518: A traitor, several years before Arnold defected to the British. Brown wrote in his winter 1776-77 handbill, "Money is this man's God, and to get enough of it he would sacrifice his country." Pittsfield was primarily turned into an agricultural area because of the many brooks that flowed into the Housatonic River ; the landscape was dotted with mills that produced lumber, grist, paper, and textiles. With

1014-482: A two-week tour through New England campaigning for Republican congressmen , the barouche transporting President Theodore Roosevelt from downtown Pittsfield to the Pittsfield Country Club collided head-on with a trolley . Roosevelt, Massachusetts Governor Winthrop Murray Crane , secretary to the president George Bruce Cortelyou , and bodyguard William Craig were thrown into the street. Craig

1092-410: A workforce that once topped 13,000 was reduced to less than 700 with the demise and/or relocation of General Electric's transformer and aerospace portions. On October 8, 2015, SABIC announced it would relocate its headquarters from Pittsfield to Houston, Texas. General Dynamics occupies many of the old GE buildings and its workforce is expanding. Much of General Dynamics' local success is based on

1170-632: Is about 10 miles (16 km) south, in Lee . Long-distance ground transportation in Pittsfield is based at the Joseph Scelsi Intermodal Transportation Center , which serves as the station for Amtrak trains and Peter Pan buses. The Berkshire Regional Transit Authority, the transit provider for Pittsfield and vicinity, is based at the Intermodal Center and also uses it as a hub for most of its lines. Rail freight transportation

1248-544: Is currently Linda Tyer, who was elected for Pittsfield's first four-year term in January 2016, but will be succeeded in January 2024 by Peter Marchetti, who won the seat in the November 2023 municipal election. The city is fully functioning, with all the major public services, including Berkshire Medical Center which is the only hospital in the northern part of the county, and the region's only VA medical clinic . The city's library,

1326-652: Is influenced  by their social and work environments, their ideology, and the parties to which they belong, furthermore, the development of means of communication and social media have increased public participation in policy-making, leading to a reformation of  politician's identity  and increasing the complexity of political work. Politicians are influential people who use rhetoric to impact people as in speeches or campaign advertisements. They are especially known for using common themes,  and media platforms that allow them to develop their political positions,  developing communication between them and

1404-463: Is provided by CSX Transportation and the Housatonic Railroad . The fixed-base operator at Pittsfield Municipal Airport offers access to the region via private and chartered aircraft ranging from single-engined piston to multiple-engined jet planes. They also offer scenic rides and flight training. The nearest airport with national service is Albany International Airport . Pittsfield has

1482-661: Is represented in the United States Senate by senior Senator Elizabeth Warren (D) and junior Senator Ed Markey (D). Pittsfield operates a public school system which has more than 6,000 students. There are eight elementary schools (Allendale, Robert T. Capeless, Crosby, Egremont, Morningside, Silvio O. Conte, Stearns and Williams), two middle schools (Theodore Herberg and John T. Reid), two high schools ( Pittsfield High School and Taconic High School ), and one private school ( Miss Hall's School ). The high schools both offer internal vocational programs. Students also come to

1560-548: Is those personal experiences that influence a politician's skills and competence, and which determine where politicians focus their resources and attention as leaders. The third pathway refers to biographical characteristics that influence a politician's resource allocation and responses based on characteristics such as race or gender. The fourth pathway is how a politician's biography affects his public perception, which affects politicians' leadership style and their strategy for gaining people's respect. Numerous scholars have studied

1638-640: The 2020 census . Although its population has declined in recent decades, Pittsfield remains the third-largest municipality in Western Massachusetts , behind only Springfield and Chicopee . In 2017, the Arts Vibrancy Index compiled by the National Center for Arts Research ranked Pittsfield and Berkshire County as the number-one medium-sized community in the nation for the arts. The Mohicans , an Algonquian people , inhabited Pittsfield and

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1716-447: The Berkshire Athenaeum , is one of the largest in western Massachusetts, and is connected to the regional library system. Pittsfield is also the county seat of Berkshire County, and as such has many state facilities for the county. In 2011, the City of Pittsfield received 129 designs of prospective official flags from residents in honor of the 250th anniversary of Pittsfield's incorporation as

1794-774: The Pittsfield Mets and Pittsfield Astros (2001 only) represented the city in the New York–Penn League . The Astros have since moved to Troy, New York , and are now known as the Tri-City ValleyCats . In 2005, Wahconah Park became the home stadium of the Pittsfield Dukes , a summer collegiate baseball franchise of the New England Collegiate Baseball League owned by Dan Duquette , former Boston Red Sox general manager. The Dukes had played

1872-639: The United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 42.5 square miles (110.0 km ), of which 2.0 square miles (5.2 km ), or 4.70%, are covered by water. Pittsfield is bordered by Lanesborough to the north, Dalton to the east, Washington to the southeast, Lenox to the south, Richmond to the southwest, and Hancock to the west. Pittsfield is 48 miles (77 km) northwest of Springfield , 99 miles (159 km) west of Worcester , 135 miles (217 km) west of Boston , and 39 miles (63 km) east of Albany, New York . Most of

1950-441: The public interest and develop long-term strategies. Challenges include how to keep up with the development of social media and confronting biased media, in addition to discrimination against them on the basis of gender , race , or belief, which requires them to adapt their communications to engage citizens, confront discrimination, and spread their message effectively. Politicians are people who participate in policy-making, in

2028-451: The 10 manufacturing plant areas within the city, and continues to conduct inspection, monitoring and maintenance activities. Cleanup of the polluted downstream river areas has not been completed as of 2023. Following a public comment period, EPA issued a permit in December 2020 for the final cleanup phase. In 2021 two of the citizen groups that were parties to the settlement filed an appeal of

2106-569: The 10 manufacturing plant areas within the city, and is conducting inspection, monitoring and maintenance activities. As of the census of 2000, there were 45,793 people, 19,704 households, and 11,822 families residing in the city. Pittsfield is the largest city by population in Berkshire County, and ranks 27th out of the 351 cities and towns in Massachusetts. The population density was 1,124.3 inhabitants per square mile (434.1/km ), making it

2184-754: The 2004 season in Hinsdale, Massachusetts , as the Berkshire Dukes. In 2009, the franchise changed its name to the Pittsfield American Defenders . The American Defenders' name refers to both the United States military and a line of baseball gloves produced by Nocona Athletic Goods Company . Duquette's ownership group also owned the American Defenders of New Hampshire , members of the independent Can-Am League . Since 2012, Wahconah Park has been

2262-661: The Eighth Massachusetts Governor's Council district. The city is patrolled by the Fourth (Cheshire) Station of Barracks "B" of the Massachusetts State Police . On the national level, Pittsfield is represented in the United States House of Representatives as part of Massachusetts's 1st congressional district , and has been represented by Richard Neal (D) of Springfield since 2013. Massachusetts

2340-572: The Hall's vice president, Jeff Idelson , has stated that "Baseball wasn't really born anywhere." In 1859, the first intercollegiate baseball game was played in Pittsfield. Amherst defeated Williams College , 73–32. Ulysses Frank Grant , born August 1, 1865, in Pittsfield (died May 27, 1937), was an African American baseball player in the 19th century who played in the International League and for various independent teams. Professional baseball

2418-568: The Mexican government introduced the Federal Law on Administrative Responsibilities of Public Officials (2002) which establishes professional and accountable standards for officials against corruption and the spoils system. Also, The Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012 in the USA has established corruption to protect federal employees who report corruption, fraud, or other illegal activities within

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2496-598: The United States of America, George Washington played a pivotal role as a politician because he was the first President of the United States of America . Today, political offices take many forms in the modern century in the United States of America such as ministers, mayors , governors , senators , and presidents, each of whom has different duties. While all government leaders are considered politicians, not all politicians are subject to voters, autocratic and dictatorial regimes remain extant. The identity of politicians

2574-400: The accused politicians remains largely unaffected. They will therefore have a negative impact on the credibility of media platforms, and this distrust may extend to the media institutions as a whole that politicians use to communicate with people. Regarding the challenges of gender dynamics, particularly the role of women in politics , some recent research focuses on the life path of women in

2652-410: The awarding of government contracts related to its advanced information systems. In September 2018, Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker , Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor Karyn Polito , and other Baker administration officials attended the groundbreaking of a $ 13.7 million project to build a life sciences and advanced manufacturing center in the city. On September 3, 1902, at 10:15 am, during

2730-602: The championship game, but fell to Norwalk, Conn. Both Pittsfield high schools are known for their baseball and softball prowess. Taconic High School won state championships in 2017 and 2019 and reached the Final Four in 2023. It was the No. 1 overall seed in the Massachusetts Interscholastic Athletic Association (MIAA) Division III bracket in 2022 and beat city-rival Pittsfield High three times. Twice in

2808-493: The characteristics of politicians and in economic class to explain characteristics impact on politicians' effectiveness and electoral success, comparing politicians involves different dimensions such as level of government (the local and national levels), political ideology (liberal or the more conservative), economic class , and comparing the more successful and less successful in terms of elections. Demographic factors such as age, gender, education, income, and race/ethnicity, play

2886-410: The city has undergone a transformation with significant investment in the historic downtown, including a variety of new restaurants (French, Asian, Latin American, etc.), condominium and other residential developments and cultural attractions. Politician A politician is a person who participates in policy-making processes , usually holding a position in government . Politicians represent

2964-597: The city lies between the Berkshire Hills to the east and the Taconic Range to the west. Sections of the Housatonic Valley Wildlife Management Area dot the banks of the river. The western portion of the city contains Pittsfield State Forest, an 11,000-acre (4,500 ha) facility with hiking and cross-country skiing trails, camping, picnic areas, and a beach for swimming. Pittsfield is at

3042-673: The course of a year, 173 days have measurable precipitation. Flowing through a historically rural area, the Housatonic River attracted increased industrialization in the late 19th century. William Stanley Jr. , founded the Stanley Electric Manufacturing Company in 1890 at Pittsfield. The company manufactured small transformers, electrical motors and appliances. In 1903, GE acquired Stanley Electric and subsequently operated three major manufacturing operations in Pittsfield: transformer , ordnance , and plastics . During

3120-569: The court rejected the plaintiffs' challenge. In the years since the settlement was reached, the EPA, state agencies, the City and GE accomplished one of the largest and most complex cleanups in the country. Cleanup work on the first previously PCB-laden half mile of the Housatonic River, adjacent to the GE facility, was completed in September 2002. $ 90 million was spent cleaning up the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) reach between Lyman Street and Fred Garner Park, which

3198-547: The crossroads of U.S. Route 7 and U.S. Route 20 , which join together in the city. Massachusetts Route 8 passes through the northeastern corner of town, with a portion of it combined with Route 9 , the central east-west road through the western part of the state, whose western terminus is in the city at Route 20. Route 41 begins in the southwestern corner of town, heading south from Route 20. The nearest interstate highway, Interstate 90 (the Massachusetts Turnpike )

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3276-605: The earliest known reference to the game in America. ( See Origins of baseball . ) The document is available on the Pittsfield Library 's web site. A finding that baseball was invented in 1839 by Abner Doubleday in Cooperstown, New York , provided the rationale for baseball centennial celebrations in 1939 including the opening of a National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in that city. Few historians ever believed it and even

3354-517: The first electric transformer. Stanley's enterprise was the forerunner of the internationally known corporate giant, General Electric (GE). Thanks to the success of GE, Pittsfield's population in 1930 had grown to more than 50,000. While GE Advanced Materials (now owned by SABIC -Innovative Plastics, a subsidiary of the Riyadh-based Saudi Basic Industries Corporation) continues to be one of the city's largest employers,

3432-413: The government. Mattozzi and Merlo argue that politicians typically follow two main career paths in modern democracies. The first is career politicians who remain in government until retirement. The second is political careerists, who have gained a reputation for their experience at various levels of government such as international, federal, state, and local governments, they often leave politics and start

3510-573: The high schools from neighboring Richmond. There were two parochial schools open for many decades, but both recently closed (Saint Mark's for elementary and middle school students, and St. Joseph Central High School for high school students). Pittsfield is the home to the main campus of Berkshire Community College and Mildred Elley 's Pittsfield campus. The nearest state college is the Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts in North Adams, and

3588-827: The home of the Pittsfield Suns of the Futures Collegiate Baseball League . Mark Belanger , eight-time Gold Glove winning shortstop for the Baltimore Orioles, Turk Wendell , relief pitcher for the New York Mets, and Tom Grieve , outfielder for the Texas Rangers, were all from Pittsfield. The love of baseball in the Berkshires, and especially Pittsfield, extends for all ages. Pittsfield has two Little League teams, Pittsfield American and National, who are

3666-479: The integrity of government positions. A notable example of government reform over time are The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883 passed by the U.S. Congress to combat corruption, favoritism in hiring, and the spoils system. It advocated hiring based on merit and protected civil servants from political influence. In the modern century, many laws have been put in place to protect employees and reduce corruption and favoritism in employment, for example,

3744-455: The introduction of Merino sheep from Spain in 1807, the area became the center of woolen manufacturing in the United States, an industry that would dominate the community's economy for almost a century. The town was a bustling metropolis by the late 19th century. In 1891, the City of Pittsfield was incorporated and William Stanley Jr. , who had recently relocated his Electric Manufacturing Company to Pittsfield from Great Barrington , produced

3822-699: The mid-20th century, the Housatonic River and its floodplain were contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other hazardous substances released from the General Electric Company (GE) facility in Pittsfield. The contaminated area, known as the General Electric/Housatonic River Site, includes the GE manufacturing facility; the Housatonic River, its riverbanks and floodplains from Pittsfield to Long Island Sound, and former river oxbows that have since been filled in; Allendale School; Silver Lake; and other areas contaminated as

3900-669: The most densely populated community in Berkshire county and 92nd overall in the Commonwealth. There were 21,366 housing units at an average density of 524.6 per square mile (202.5/km ). The racial makeup of the city in 2017 was 87.4% white (84.4% non-Hispanic white ), 4.7% black , 0.4% Native American , 2.0% Asian (0.6% Chinese , 0.5% Indian , 0.3% Pakistani , 0.2% Filipino , 0.2% Korean , 0.1% Vietnamese ), 0.02% Pacific Islander , 2.0% from other races , and 3.5% from two or more races . Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 6.0% of

3978-604: The nearest state university is Westfield State University . The nearest private colleges are Williams College in Williamstown and Bard College at Simon's Rock in Great Barrington. In addition, the Berkshire Music School, a non-profit music school, offers private and group lessons in multiple instruments. Pittsfield is the geographic and commercial hub of the Berkshires —a historic area that includes Tanglewood ,

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4056-669: The people, make decisions, and influence the formulation of public policy. The roles or duties that politicians must perform vary depending on the level of government they serve, whether local , national, or international. The ideological orientation that politicians adopt often stems from their previous experience, education, beliefs, the political parties they belong to, or public opinion . Politicians sometimes face many challenges and mistakes that may affect their credibility and ability to persuade. These mistakes include corruption resulting from their misuse and exploitation of power to achieve their interests, which requires them to prioritize

4134-399: The people. Politicians of necessity become expert users of the media . Politicians in the 19th century made heavy use of newspapers , magazines, and pamphlets, as well as posters to disseminate their messages to appeal to voters' emotions and beliefs in their campaigns. In the 20th century, the scope of media expanded out into radio and television, and a major change occurred as speech

4212-626: The permit, criticizing the design of a planned landfill to be located in Berkshire County. In February 2022 the US Environmental Appeals Board (EAB) denied the permit appeal. Following the EAB ruling, EPA continued to design the new PCB disposal facility and conducted public meetings in 2022. Two citizen groups appealed the EAB decision to the First Circuit Court of Appeals , and in July 2023

4290-560: The political field and the challenges surrounding them. For example, there are studies on the "supermader" model in politics in Latin America, which illustrate the difficulties women face and how to balance their home and work and the distinction between women and men that negatively affects their acceptance in political work. . Historically, in patronage-based systems, especially in the 19th century, winning politicians replaced civil servants and government employees who were not protected by

4368-467: The population (1.9% Puerto Rican , 0.9% Mexican , 0.6% Ecuadorian , 0.5% Dominican , 0.4% Spanish , 0.3% Peruvian , 0.3% Honduran , 0.2% Colombian , 0.2% Salvadoran , 0.1% Cuban ). The ten largest ancestry groups in the city were Irish (22.5%), Italian (17.5%), French (11.7%), German (9.9%), English (8.6%), Polish (6.7%), American (4.1%), French-Canadian (3.7%), Scottish (1.7%), and Russian (1.5%). Immigrants accounted for 7.3% of

4446-512: The population occupies roughly one-quarter of the city's land. Pittsfield lies at the confluence of the east and west branches of the Housatonic River , which flows south from the city towards its mouth at Long Island Sound , some 149 miles (240 km) distant. The eastern branch leads down from the hills, while the western branch is fed from Onota Lake and Pontoosuc Lake (which lies partly in Lanesborough). Like much of western Berkshire County,

4524-595: The population. The ten most common countries of origin for immigrants in the city were, Ecuador , China , Mexico , the Dominican Republic , India , El Salvador , Canada , Ghana , and Brazil . In 2010, there were 19,704 households, out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 34.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.3% had someone living alone who

4602-520: The public interests. Politicians in many countries are seen as the “most hated professionals,” and the least trustworthy, leading to public skepticism and constant criticism. In addition, some politicians tend to be negative, this strategy, although it does not enhance their chances of being re-elected or gaining public support, politicians see this negativity as consistent with negative media bias, which increases their chances of securing media access and public attention. Also, lack of accountability and

4680-570: The regular season and once again in the PVIAC Western Massachusetts Class B Championship Game in front of a crowd of over 3,500 at Wahconah Park. However, the two teams met in the Division III Sweet 16 and Pittsfield High pulled off the upset to send its crosstown rival home. Pittsfield is at 42°27′N 73°15′W  /  42.450°N 73.250°W  / 42.450; -73.250 (42.4522, −73.2515). According to

4758-421: The river contain significant levels of PCBs. Starting in 1991, legal proceedings by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the General Electric/Housatonic River Site. Initial cleanup work began in 1996 when EPA issued a unilateral order to GE that required the removal of highly contaminated sediments and bank soils. EPA added the site to its Superfund list in September 1997. The year 1999

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4836-414: The rules of government service with their supporters, a so-called “ spoils system .” In response to the corruption this system fostered, government job reforms were introduced. These reforms required elected politicians to work with existing civil servants and officials to pursue long-term public interest goals, rather than simply rewarding their supporters. This shift aimed to reduce corruption and prioritize

4914-497: The speed of spread and interaction. Politicians, who rarely meet voters in person, seek to use the media as a means of communicating with people, winning votes, and obtaining political roles. Some research confirms that the media increases the popularity of a politician, and indicates that negative news has a stronger effect on popularity than positive news. Some research has suggested that politicians tend to use social media more than traditional media because their perception of

4992-408: The subject of Shakerism, including the following titles (some posthumously published): Pittsfield, Massachusetts Pittsfield is the largest city and the county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts , United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of Berkshire County. Pittsfield’s population was 43,927 at

5070-729: The summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra , and author Edith Wharton 's estate The Mount . Many buildings in Pittsfield are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Downtown Pittsfield is home to the gilded-age Colonial Theatre , the Berkshire Museum , the Beacon Cinema (multi-plex), the Barrington Stage Company , Berkshire Athenaeum , Wahconah Park and Hebert Arboretum . In recent years,

5148-416: The surrounding area until the early 18th century, when the population was greatly reduced by war and disease brought by white invaders. Many migrated westward or were subjugated to live on the fringes of their land. In 1738, a wealthy Bostonian named Col. Jacob Wendell bought 24,000 acres (97 km ) of land known originally as "Pontoosuck", from a Mohican word meaning "a field or haven for winter deer", as

5226-409: The time of King George's War soon forced them to leave, and the land remained unoccupied by Englishmen for several more years. Soon, many colonists arrived from Westfield, Massachusetts , and a village began to grow, which was incorporated as Pontoosuck Plantation in 1753 by Solomon Deming, Simeon Crofoot, Stephen Crofoot, Charles Goodrich, Jacob Ensign, Samuel Taylor, and Elias Woodward. Mrs. Deming

5304-662: The traditional media’s influence as a public informant greatly affects their satisfaction with democratic processes. So they prefer to use social media and communicate directly with people in order to have greater control over their message and easier communication. This continuous evolution in media has made politicians adapt their discourse to these diverse and evolving platforms for greater communication and effectiveness. In this century of advanced communications, politicians face challenges and difficulties while communicating with people through various social media platforms . The implicit importance of social media for politics stems from

5382-459: The two dominant powers in Berkshire County Little League and Western Massachusetts. The 2022 Pittsfield 13U Babe Ruth baseball team made a run to the Babe Ruth 13U World Series Championship game. Winning the New England Regional and going all the way to the Title Series, before losing to Kado, Hawaii. Pittsfield hosted the 2023 Babe Ruth 15U New England Regional Tournament at Wahconah Park. Pittsfield received an automatic bid for hosting and advanced to

5460-413: The virtual space these platforms have created for expressing ideas and spreading mutual messages without restrictions. Misinformation , rumors, and discrimination complicate their political behavior and communication with people. Also, Political polarization created by the media plays a role in influencing politicians’ behavior and communications, which reinforces negative campaigns. They also play

5538-457: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.89. In 2010 in the city, the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males. The median income for

5616-420: Was a milestone for Pittsfield, when negotiations between EPA, the state, General Electric and the city resulted in a settlement agreement , valued at over $ 250 million, to clean up Pittsfield and the Housatonic River. The settlement was memorialized in a consent decree entered in federal court the following year, making it a binding legal agreement. Between 2005 and 2018 GE completed remediation and restoration of

5694-532: Was completed in June 2007. Biological and sediment samples showed reductions of approximately 99% of PCB concentrations compared to conditions before remediation. GE removed contaminated soil and restored 27 residential properties abutting the river. As of 2006 more than 115,000 cubic yards (88,000 m ) of PCB-contaminated sediment, bank, and floodplain soil have been removed from the river and residential property. As of 2019 GE has completed remediation and restoration of

5772-411: Was killed; he was the first Secret Service agent killed while on a presidential protection detail. Roosevelt, whose face and left shin were badly bruised, nearly came to blows with the trolley motorman, Euclid Madden. Madden was later charged with manslaughter , to which he pleaded guilty . He was sentenced to six months in jail and a heavy fine. In 2004, historian John Thorn discovered a reference to

5850-484: Was now presented visually as well as verbally as evidenced by the Kennedy-Nixon debates , marking a new era where visual media became crucial to campaigns. The twenty-first century has provided wide and diverse media platforms represented by Facebook, and Twitter, which has now become X, Instagram, YouTube, and others. This development has made their rhetorical messages faster, shorter more efficient, and characterized by

5928-689: Was played in Pittsfield's Wahconah Park from 1894 through 2003. Teams included the early Pittsfield Colts and Pittsfield Hillies , the Pittsfield Electrics of the 1940s, the Pittsfield Red Sox from 1965 to 1969 with such then A-league players and future major leaguers as George Scott , Carlton Fisk , and Reggie Smith , the Pittsfield Senators (later Rangers) of the 1970s, and the 1985–1988 AA Pittsfield Cubs featuring future stars Mark Grace and Rafael Palmeiro . From 1989 to 2001,

6006-708: Was the first and the last of the original colonists, dying in March 1818 at the age of 92. Solomon Deming died in 1815 at the age of 96. Pittsfield was incorporated in 1761. Royal Governor Sir Francis Bernard named Pittsfield after British nobleman and politician William Pitt . By 1761 there were 200 residents and the plantation became the Township of Pittsfield. By the end of the Revolutionary War , Pittsfield had grown to nearly 2,000 residents, including Colonel John Brown, who in 1776 began accusing Benedict Arnold of being

6084-402: Was the subject of a monograph by E. Richard McKinstry, The Edward Deming Andrews Memorial Shaker Collection (Garland, 1987). Andrews died in Pittsfield in 1964. His wife and research collaborator, Faith Andrews (née Young), completed and posthumously published several of his monographs on Shakerism. The couple had married in 1921 and had two children together. Andrews authored nine books on

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