70-623: Edward Jones Brewster (c.1812 – 17 March 1898) was a lawyer and politician in colonial Australia, a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council . Born in Dublin , Ireland, in 1812, and educated for the Bar at Trinity College, Dublin , where he graduated in 1835, Brewster commenced practice under his uncle, Lord Chancellor of Ireland Abraham Brewster . Soon afterwards he came to Melbourne, and having good letters of introduction from
140-517: A city. From 1846 to 1856 the title of the presiding officer was Speaker of the Legislative Council , and after that date it has been President of the Legislative Council . The Legislative Council chamber is a prefabricated cast-iron building, intended as an "iron store and dwelling with ornamental front", which had been manufactured in Scotland and shipped to Victoria . In 1856, when plans for
210-590: A director of the Bank of New South Wales in 1825. Of the liberal-minded Australian , one contemporary who commented on flogging and other harsh punishments administered to convicts in New South Wales went on to say: ...the system is not now so bad as it used to be. Since Dr Wardell and young Mr Wentworth came out, and began to look after the government and the magistrates, there are not such dreadful doings as there used to be in former times. Wentworth's support for
280-468: A five year labour contract. He pressed charges against absconders, who were punished with jail terms of hard labour. On one occasion, an interpreter for the Chinese workers verbally abused Wentworth following the sentencing of one of the workers, and was subsequently charged by Wentworth for absconding, and as such was sentenced to two months' imprisonment with hard labour. During the trial, Wentworth quipped that
350-601: A key figure in Australian and New South Wales history , he is widely commemorated. Wentworth, Gregory Blaxland and William Lawson led the 1813 expedition across the Blue Mountains , the first successful British traversal of the region. William Charles Wentworth was born on the vessel HMS Surprize off the coast of the penal settlement of Norfolk Island in August 1790 to D'Arcy Wentworth and Catherine Crowley. Catherine
420-478: A leader of a pastoral aristocracy in New South Wales and attempted to arrange his marriage with Elizabeth Macarthur, the daughter of the highly influential colonist John Macarthur . Wentworth however failed in this attempt after arguing with the Macarthur patriarch over his convict heritage and a loan. Wentworth became involved in literary pursuits, and by 1824 had published a number of notable works. He had created
490-578: A legitimate son and he became a part of colonial society as a Wentworth family member. As a young boy William Wentworth moved from Norfolk Island to Sydney with his parents and younger brothers in 1796. The family lived at Parramatta , where his father became a prosperous landowner. His mother died in 1800. In 1803, William and his brothers Dorset and Matthew, were sent to England to be educated at an exclusive school run by Alexander Crombie in Greenwich . Wentworth failed to gain entry into both
560-663: A minor stir in 1816 by anonymously publishing a satirical verse attacking the Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales, George Molle . In 1819 he published a book entitled: A Statistical, Historical, and Political Description of the Colony of New South Wales and Its Dependent Settlements in Van Diemen's Land. In this book Wentworth advocated for an elected assembly for New South Wales, free press, trial by jury and settlement of Australia by free emigrants rather than convicts. It served as
630-480: A new chamber for the Legislative Council were not ready in time, this building was purchased and shipped to Sydney, where it was erected as an extension to Parliament House . The Legislative Council chamber is furnished in red, which follows the British tradition for the upper house. Proportional representation, with the whole state as a single electorate, means that the quota for election is small. This almost guarantees
700-487: A result, party registration requirements have since been made more restrictive (e.g., requiring more voters as members, and a larger number of candidates to become eligible for a simple "above-the-line" voting box), and the replacement of party preference arrangements with optional preferential voting . This reduced the number of parties contesting elections and increased the difficulty for small, upstart parties to be elected, so that only six minor parties are now represented in
770-454: A state of the Commonwealth of Australia and many government functions were transferred to the new Commonwealth government. In 1902, women gained the right to vote and the current Constitution of New South Wales was adopted, and in 1918, reforms permitted women to be members of parliament. In 1925, 1926 and 1929, Premier Jack Lang made attempts to abolish the Legislative Council, following
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#1733085400459840-547: A vocal leader for the wealthy squatters and landowners. He vehemently opposed any reforms that threatened the status of this "squattocracy" class and was one of the chief opponents of Governor Gipps in 1846 who wanted to fund free emigration to the colony through additional tariffs on squatting licences. With Gipps out of the picture, Wentworth was able to facilitate the passing of the Squatters' Act of 1848, which allowed for very favourable long-term pastoral leases to be handed out to
910-575: Is believed to be the first political party in Australia. While it began as a broad church, division soon grew over the rights of emancipists, augmented by Wentworth drafting two bills for the association proposing not just representative government but also the repeal of all restrictions on trial by jury. In 1842, the British government passed the Constitution Act for New South Wales which allowed for elected representatives to outnumber those nominated by
980-761: The New South Wales Act 1823 . A small, 5-member appointed Legislative Council began meeting on 25 August 1824 to advise the Governor on legislative matters. It grew to seven members in 1825, and between ten and fifteen in 1829. Under the Constitution Act 1843 , the Legislative Council was expanded to 36 members, of whom 12 were appointed by the Governor in the name of the Crown, and the remainder elected from among eligible landholders. This change partly incorporated William Wentworth 's ideals of self government proposed through
1050-542: The Australian Patriotic Association . In 1851, the council was enlarged to 54 members with 36 of its members elected by adult males who met certain property requirements and 18 appointed members. In 1856, under a new Constitution, the Parliament became bicameral with a fully elected Legislative Assembly and a fully appointed Legislative Council with a Government taking over most of the legislative powers of
1120-536: The East India Company College and the Royal Military Academy and with his career prospects blunted, he returned to Sydney in 1810. He rode his father's horse Gig to victory at Hyde Park in the first official horse races on Australian soil. In 1811, he was appointed acting Provost Marshal by Governor Lachlan Macquarie , and given a grant of 1,750 acres (710 ha) of prime land along
1190-466: The Executive Council before doing so. This followed protracted conflict between Governor Darling and reformists including Wentworth, involving Darling's reassignment of The Monitor 's foreman printer to a road gang . Wentworth expanded his property holdings, obtaining large pastoral grazing licenses throughout New South Wales. In 1832 he acquired land at Gammon Plains and in 1836 he bought
1260-562: The Greiner Liberal - National government saw the size of the Legislative Council cut to 42 members, with half being elected every 4 years. (In 1991, the NSW Legislative Assembly was reduced from 109 to 99 Members, and then to 93 members in 1999.) As with the federal parliament and other Australian states and territories, voting in the election to select members for the council is compulsory for all New South Wales citizens over
1330-630: The Nepean River which Wentworth named Vermont . In 1813 Wentworth, along with Gregory Blaxland and William Lawson , led the expedition which found a route across the Blue Mountains west of Sydney and opened up the grazing lands of inland New South Wales. Wentworth kept a journal of the exploration which begins by describing the first day of the journey: On the Eleventh of May our party consisting of Mr. Gregory Blaxland, Lieutenant Lawson and Myself with four servants quitted Mr. Gregory Blaxland's farm on
1400-639: The South Creek and on the 29th of the June Month descended from the Mountain into forest land having travelled as nearly as I can compute about 60 Miles. In the journal, Wentworth describes the landscapes they were exploring: A country of so singular a description could in my opinion only have been produced by some Mighty convulsion in Nature. In his 1823 epic Australasia , Wentworth once again references what he saw on
1470-866: The Windermere estate expanding his Hunter River holdings. In the 1830s he formed partnerships with Captain Thomas Raine and John Christie in taking up land along the Macquarie River from Narromine to Haddon Rig . In the 1840s with John Charles Lloyd, he acquired further massive landholdings along the Namoi River and at Manilla . In the Murrumbidgee River region, Wentworth employed Augustus Morris to establish huge squatting licenses in his name. Some of these properties were immense and became famous as highly valuable sheep and cattle stations. These included
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#17330854004591540-502: The " squattocracy ", swore "eternal vengeance" against Gipps. During the 1830s, Wentworth continued to push his ideals of free emigration, trial by jury, rights for emancipists and elected representation. On 29 May 1835, a meeting chaired by Wentworth discussed Henry Lytton Bulwer 's proposal for the formation of a colonial committee which would act through a Parliamentary Advocate, for which Bulwer nominated himself, to represent New South Wales. The meeting resolved to raise £2,000 to fund
1610-620: The 120,000 acre Yanko property, the 200,000 acre Tala station, the Wambianna cattle property and the Galathra and Burburgate holdings. Wentworth was able to obtain most of these vast accumulations of land for only the £10 annual squatting fee, and after stocking them, was able to sell the properties for considerable profit. In 1839, Wentworth led a consortium of Sydney speculators in an attempt to acquire large amounts of land in New Zealand from
1680-528: The Blue Mountains, the poem featured a romanticised portrayal of the lifestyle of Aboriginal Australians. Wentworth returned to Sydney in 1824, accompanied by fellow barrister Robert Wardell . They actively campaigned for the introduction of self-government and trial by jury by establishing The Australian (not to be confused with the present-day paper of the same name), the colony's first privately owned paper. Governor Sir Thomas Brisbane realised there
1750-480: The Crown in the Legislative Council of New South Wales . The following year, 24 members were elected by eligible land-holding male citizens of the colony. Although these changes seemed to democratise governance in New South Wales, it in fact markedly increased the influence of the wealthy land-holding squatters due to the prerequisite of owning at least £2,000 worth of land in order to be a candidate. Wentworth
1820-512: The Government—they opposed these savage marauders, and a slaughter , numerically considered very inconsiderable, ensued. But the force of the bullets and bayonets of the English forces prevailed, and peace and quiet was for ever obtained. It was not the policy of a wise Government to attempt the perpetuation of the aboriginal race of New South Wales by any protective means. They must give way before
1890-463: The Governor. The right to vote was extended to all adult males in 1858. On 22 May 1856, the newly constituted New South Wales Parliament opened and sat for the first time. With the new 54-member Legislative Assembly taking over the council chamber, a second meeting chamber for the 21-member upper house had to be added to the Parliament building in Macquarie Street. In 1901, New South Wales became
1960-616: The Mother Parliament of Australia. It is interesting to reflect that that was the first time on which the Sovereign had opened a Session of an Australian Parliament. I was also on my first visit to Australia as your Queen. I have returned to New South Wales eight times since then and am always delighted by the warm and generous hospitality accorded to Prince Philip and me by the people of this State. On this occasion I have come to join in commemorating Sydney's first one hundred and fifty years as
2030-580: The age of 18. As the result of a 1995 referendum , every four years half the seats in the Council come up for election on the fourth Saturday in March, barring exceptional circumstances. The King of Australia has a throne in the Legislative Council. Queen Elizabeth II opened the New South Wales Parliament on two occasions. The first was on 4 February 1954, as part of her first visit to Australia. It
2100-405: The arms, aye! even the diseases of civilised nations—they must give way before they attained the power of those nations. In 1849, Wentworth supported the establishment of a Native Police force, believing "it would be the most powerful, perhaps, the only means, of averting those collisions between the blacks and the border settlers which had hitherto unfortunately existed." The first Commandant of
2170-451: The chiefs Wentworth dealt with. The deed, 1000 words long, was written in dense legal jargon. Governor George Gipps intervened and prevented the transaction from proceeding, openly accusing Wentworth of an outrageous and immoral fraud against the Māori. This heightened the fierce enmity between the squatters and Gipps. After a series of tit-for-tat retaliations, Wentworth, now a leading member of
Edward Brewster - Misplaced Pages Continue
2240-461: The council (the Greens; One Nation; Shooters, Fishers and Farmers; Animal Justice; Legalise Cannabis and Liberal Democrats), along with Labor, Liberal, and National Party members. The President of the Legislative Council has a casting vote should the result be equal from among those present eligible and choosing to vote. With 42 members, with one removed as president, a majority is 21 of the 41 possible of
2310-639: The creation of Australia's first university, the University of Sydney . His views took a strong conservative turn in the 1840s, with Wentworth ending his previous support for free migration and expressing more restrictive views on voting rights, though he moderated the latter upon becoming President of the Legislative Council in 1861. Throughout his life, he promoted the subjugation of Aboriginal Australians . Wentworth consistently advocated for Australian nationhood both in Australia and Britain, and gained credit from Sir Henry Parkes for his advocacy of self-government;
2380-658: The crew being killed. Wentworth was nearly killed himself but with the aid of a pistol was able to flee to the Cumberland which sailed back to Sydney. Wentworth returned to England in 1816 where he studied law at the Magdalene and Peterhouse colleges at Cambridge University . He became a barrister and was admitted to the bar in 1822. In between studying and writing, Wentworth also travelled to Europe, spending much of his time in Paris . He formulated an idea of establishing himself as
2450-455: The drafting of New South Wales' first self-governing constitution establishing the Parliament of New South Wales . The establishment of Australia's first independent newspaper by Wentworth and Robert Wardell led to the introduction of press freedom in Australia. A proponent of secular and universal education , he participated in the creation of the state education system and legislated for
2520-772: The establishment in New South Wales of the British Constitution .” Wentworth and Wardell opined in The Australian : Public meetings open the eyes of the people—shew them their own strength—moral as well as physical and convey to their reasoning faculties truths, to which, but for them, they might remain strangers. Public meetings expose the irresistibility of the people, if they firmly and legally claim their political due. The death of Private Joseph Sudds in November 1826 inflamed Wentworth, prompting him to demand Governor Darling's recall. Sudds and Private Patrick Thompson had broken
2590-655: The establishment of "a Congress from the various Colonial Legislatures" to legislate on "inter-colonial questions" in response to a suggestion from Earl Grey for a "central authority" for the Australian colonies. This preceded Australian federation in 1901. Wentworth, who owned property in the Hunter Region , chaired a public meeting establishing the Hunter River Railway Company in April 1853. The company devised
2660-584: The example of the Queensland Legislative Council in 1922, but all were unsuccessful. The debate did, however, result in another round of reforms, and in 1933, the law was changed so that a quarter of the Legislative Council was elected every three years by votes cast by members of the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council together, using STV , rather than being appointed by the Governor. In 1962, Indigenous Australians gained
2730-546: The expedition: The town of Wentworth Falls in the Blue Mountains commemorates his role in the expedition. As a reward he was granted 1,000 acres (4.0 km ). In 1814 Wentworth continued his adventurous lifestyle by joining a sandalwood -getting voyage to the South Pacific aboard the Cumberland under Captain Philip Goodenough. This vessel reached Rarotonga where conflict with the local people resulted in five of
2800-483: The first such case in Australia. William and Sarah had previously named their daughter Thomasine in honour of Sir Thomas Brisbane. A love poem from William to Sarah appeared in The Australian three days prior to their marriage. In 1830, the Imperial Parliament incorporated Wentworth's legal argument that convicts could only be removed from assignments if to their benefit. It required the Governor to consult
2870-428: The fixed occupations of social man; but except in one or two instances, these attempts have been utterly unsuccessful. In 1820, Wentworth noted that the outbreak of smallpox decimating Aboriginal communities around Sydney was retold in traditional songs. He romanticised the lifestyle of Aboriginal Australians in his 1823 epic Australasia . In 1827, Wentworth was the defence counsel for Lieutenant Nathaniel Lowe who
Edward Brewster - Misplaced Pages Continue
2940-543: The free occupants of the demesne or soil; it belongs to them by law of nations, anterior to any laws which follow from human institutions ... there is no right of empire among them, no Chieftain in a condition, from their vagabond state, to make a treaty with the head of any civilized government. If there be no public compact of this sort, there can only exist a tacit compact among individuals, which goes no further than to say, we will be at peace with you if you keep peaceable with us, and that compact would be sufficient to authorize
3010-431: The gentleman at the bar to punish any of these natives who violated this compact, in any way he might think fit. In 1844, there was a push to reform the judicial system to allow evidence to be given by Aboriginals. Wentworth was vociferous in his opposition, claiming that the evidence given by "this savage race" would be comparative to the "chatterings of the ourang-outang ," and would enable them to "wreak their revenge on
3080-583: The great Earl of Derby and others, he was, within a fortnight of his landing, made Chairman of Quarter Sessions and Commissioner of the Court of Requests. Brewster was admitted to the New South Wales Bar in 1839. Around 1841 Brewster was one of the first six barristers admitted to the Port Phillip bar (along with Robert Pohlman , Redmond Barry , James Croke , Archibald Cuninghame and James Murray). Brewster
3150-507: The law against those who slew the savages," with their executions "bitterly and even fiercely resented by Wentworth, and ... perhaps, never forgiven or forgotten." While arguing against the proposal, Wentworth remarked: ...remember when the Cowpasture tribe made an inroad upon the settled lands, and on that occasion what was the course adopted by the Government? The military were ordered out by
3220-485: The law in an effort to be discharged. Darling, seeking to make an example of the two, sentenced Thompson and already-ill Sudds to seven years' hard labour with the unusual additional punishment of being chained from the neck for the entirety of their sentences. Wentworth declared Darling guilty of "murder, or at least a high misdemeanour" for Sudds' death. In 1827, Wentworth's father died and William inherited much of his highly valuable assets and property, becoming one of
3290-459: The position by establishing the Australian Patriotic Association . Following a complaint over the £5 fee for directing members, Wentworth reportedly remarked that "Ignorance and poverty went together." He argued that the stipulation would ensure "men of talent, education and experience and exclude only the ignorant pretender.” Wentworth committed £50 to the organisation. The association was established by Wentworth and ex-convict William Bland and
3360-543: The previous year at his home in Cheltenham , leaving issue. New South Wales Legislative Council Opposition (14) Liberal (9) National (5) Crossbench (13) Greens (4) Shooters, Fishers, Farmers (2) Animal Justice ( 1 ) Legalise Cannabis ( 1 ) Libertarian ( 1 ) One Nation ( 1 ) The New South Wales Legislative Council , often referred to as
3430-552: The prisoners ought to be forced to work on treadmills . In 1851, he argued for the death penalty, arguing that "hardened felons, convicted of repeated grave offences would be punished best by death" and that such punishment would be "more reformatory in its effects" than any other. He argued that the British Government "had in its system of punishment gone too far, and had gone from the extreme of too great severity to too little." In light of these sentiments, The Australian ,
3500-417: The progressive paper that Wentworth was no longer associated with, stated in the early 1850s that Wentworth's opinions were then worth nothing. Wentworth continued to advocate for causes related to self-government. During his time leading elected conservatives in the Legislative Council between 1843 and 1854, Wentworth led agitation for the local control of Crown lands and revenue. In 1848, Wentworth proposed
3570-507: The railway line between Newcastle and Maitland , though it ran into financial trouble and was bought by the Government during construction. Wentworth foreshadowed the line's extension to Scone up north and Sydney down south; the line ultimately developed into the Main North line connecting Sydney and Queensland . At the end of his career, Wentworth would change tact on the issue of land administration, agreeing to land reforms opposed by
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#17330854004593640-437: The representation of minor parties in the Legislative Council, including micro-parties that might attract less than 2% of the primary vote but are elected through preferences. In the 1999 elections, a record number of parties contested seats in the council, resulting in an unwieldy ballot paper (referred to as the "table cloth" ballot paper), and a complex exchange of preferences between the numerous parties running candidates. As
3710-470: The resident Ngāi Tahu people. In exchange for paying chief Tūhawaiki a lump sum of £100 with an annual payment of £50, as well as £20 upfront and £10 annually for the other chiefs, Wentworth laid claim to 8 million hectares which amounted to around a third of the entire New Zealand land mass. This included the third of the South Island purchased by Edward Gibbon Wakefield from Te Rauparaha , an enemy of
3780-519: The rights of emancipists pitted him against the opposing exclusives. During an October 1825 public meeting to recognise outgoing Governor Brisbane, Wentworth expressed a hope “deprive" the exclusives "of their venom and their fangs” and moved a successful motion requesting Brisbane lobby Westminster for “the immediate establishment” of trial by jury and “Taxation by Representation.” Of his call for an elected legislature, Wentworth noted “there are colonists of … very great influence at home who are inimical to
3850-505: The source material for the first theatrical play set in Van Diemen's Land (modern-day Tasmania), the bushranging melodrama Michael Howe the Terror! of Van Diemen's Land , which premiered in London in 1821. In 1823 he also published an epic poem Australasia , the first book of verse by a native-born Australian poet, which contained the lines: As well as describing the scenery Wentworth saw in
3920-506: The squatters. As a young writer in 1819, Wentworth saw Aboriginal Australians as occupying "the lowest place in the gradatory scale of the human species." Thirty years’ intercourse with Europeans has not effected the slightest change in their habit; and those even, who have the most intermixed with the colonists, have never been prevailed upon to practise any of the arts of civilized life ... Frequent attempts have been made to divert them from their vagrant propensities, and to adopt some of
3990-586: The squatters. Convict transportation to the colony ended in 1840 and with it the squatters lost a very cheap source of labour to work on their properties. Wentworth no longer approved of free European migration to fill the void as this was more costly. With other members of the "squattocracy" such as James Macarthur , Wentworth advocated for the introduction of indentured Chinese coolie labour and procured them as servants at his Vaucluse mansion and on his grazing properties. Wentworth advanced Chinese coolies six Spanish dollars for their passage, to be paid back over
4060-558: The unfettered right to vote in all state elections, overriding protection orders and other historical restrictions on some Aboriginal people voting. In 1978, the Council became a directly elected body in a program of electoral reform introduced by the Wran Labor government. The number of members was reduced to 45, with a third elected each third year , although transitional arrangements meant that there were 43 members from 1978 to 1981, and 44 from 1981 to 1984. Further reform in 1991 by
4130-436: The unfortunate white man". When the issue was brought before the Council again in 1849, he referred to the proposal as "most fatal to the natives themselves [and] most cruel to the white inhabitants." He simultaneously referred to the hangings of the perpetrators of the 1838 Myall Creek massacre as "judicial murder" – it was reported in his obituary that "the Crown was thought by Mr. Wentworth, and by many more, to have strained
4200-554: The upper house, is one of the two chambers of the parliament of the Australian state of New South Wales . Along with the Legislative Assembly , it sits at Parliament House in the state capital, Sydney. It is normal for legislation to be first deliberated on and passed by the Legislative Assembly before being considered by the Legislative Council, which acts in the main as a house of review. The Legislative Council has 42 members, elected by proportional representation in which
4270-493: The wealthiest men in the colony and growing his land holdings to over 7,000 acres. He purchased land at Vaucluse and built a mansion named Vaucluse House , which he moved into from Petersham . Wentworth also acquired property in Homebush . On 26 October 1829, Wentworth married Sarah Cox , a convict-descended currency lass who had been represented by him in her successful 1825 breach of promise suit. The proceeding had been
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#17330854004594340-802: The whole 42. Section 22I of the NSW Constitution states that "All questions arising in the Legislative Council shall be decided by a majority of the votes of the Members present other than the President or other Member presiding and when the votes are equal the President or other Member presiding shall have a casting vote." Senate House of Rep. Council Assembly Council Assembly Council Assembly Council Assembly Council Assembly Council Assembly Assembly Assembly William Wentworth William Charles Wentworth (August 1790 – 20 March 1872)
4410-467: The whole state is a single electorate. Members serve eight-year terms, which are staggered , with half the Council being elected every four years, roughly coinciding with elections to the Legislative Assembly. The parliament of New South Wales is Australia's oldest legislature. It had its beginnings when New South Wales was a British colony under the control of the Governor , and was first established by
4480-429: Was a convict while his father, D'Arcy, was a member of the aristocratic Anglo-Irish Wentworth family , who had avoided prosecution for highway robbery by accepting the position of assistant surgeon in the colony of New South Wales . Due to his mother being a felon and his conception being out of wedlock, confusion has existed around the exact date of William Wentworth's birth. His father, however, acknowledged him as
4550-507: Was accused and acquitted of shooting dead an Aboriginal prisoner. He argued that Englishmen were justified in punitively killing Aboriginal people as the law had an "inability" to punish them and therefore did not exist to protect them, whom he described as being "one degree just above the beasts of the field — possessing no understanding beyond a confused notion of right and wrong, and that is all." We could not, according to any principles, have assumed any right of sovereignty over them; they are
4620-403: Was an Australian statesman, pastoralist, explorer, newspaper editor, lawyer, politician and author, who became one of the wealthiest and most powerful figures in colonial New South Wales . He was among the first colonists to articulate a nascent Australian identity . Wentworth was the leading advocate for the rights of emancipists , trial by jury and representative self-government ; he led
4690-672: Was elected to New South Wales Legislative Council as member for Port Phillip District (later to become the separate colony of Victoria ) on 1 January 1846, a position he held until 1 February 1848. On his return to England Brewster went up to Oxford in 1853, studied for the Anglican ministry, and was ordained the same year. He was later vicar of Ampney Crucis , Gloucester, and Leyton, Essex. Brewster died in Cape Town , South Africa on his way to re-visit Australia. One newspaper put his age at death at 83. His younger brother John Grey Brewster had died
4760-411: Was elected to the Council in 1843 for Town of Sydney and soon became the leader of the conservative party, opposed to the liberal-minded members led by Charles Cowper . The political climate in New South Wales had changed and with Wentworth becoming one of the wealthiest and most powerful landholders in the colony, his views became very conservative. Wentworth positioned himself in the legislature as
4830-447: Was little point in continuing to censor The Sydney Gazette when The Australian was uncensored and so government censorship of newspapers was abandoned in 1824 and the freedom of the press began in Australia. With an editorial leaning toward the rights of ex-convicts (known as emancipists ), the paper was in frequent conflict with Governor Ralph Darling , who attempted unsuccessfully to have it banned in 1826. Wentworth also became
4900-456: Was the first time that the monarch of Australia had opened a session of any Australian parliament. The other occasion was on 20 February 1992, during her visit to Sydney to celebrate the sesquicentenary of the incorporation of the City of Sydney , on which occasion she stated: This is my second opportunity to address this Parliament – a Parliament which I described on the previous occasion, in 1954, as
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