An estate is a large parcel of land under single ownership, which generates income for its owner.
135-644: Edrington is a medieval estate occupying the lower part of Mordington parish in Berwickshire , Scotland , five miles (8.0 km) west of Berwick-upon-Tweed . From probably the 14th century, if not earlier, a castle occupied the steep hill above the mill of the same name on the Whiteadder Water . The castle ruin is still marked on today's Ordnance Survey maps, and still appears in locality references in The Berwickshire News . The principal farm of
270-794: A housing estate or industrial estate . Large country estates were traditionally found in New York's Long Island , and Westchester County , the Philadelphia Main Line , Maine's Bar Harbor on Mount Desert Island , and other affluent East Coast enclaves; and the San Francisco Bay Area , early Beverly Hills, California , Montecito, California , Santa Barbara, California and other affluent West Coast enclaves. All these regions had strong traditions of large agricultural, grazing, and productive estates modeled on those in Europe. However, by
405-518: A Lauder possession in Fife . In charter of The Great Seal (no. 688), a reconfirmation at Holyroodhouse on 21 March 1598, of "Eddrington" belonging to Sir George Lauder of The Bass who was a Privy Counsellor and personal friend of King James VI of Scotland and tutor to his son, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales . Sir George, like several of his predecessors, married late in life Isobel, daughter of Sir Patrick Hepburn of Waughton. This charter also confirms
540-403: A campaign of political alienation of Albany and his family. The king's bitterness, directed at Duke Murdoch, had its roots in the past—Duke Robert was responsible for his brother David's death. Moreover, neither Robert nor Murdoch exerted themselves in negotiating James's release and must have left the king with the suspicion that they held aspirations for the throne. Buchan's lands did not fall to
675-609: A change in the Black Douglas predominance vis-a-vis the crown and other nobles. Important Douglas allies died in France and some of their heirs realigned with rival nobles through blood ties, while at the same time, Douglas experienced a loosening of allegiances in the Lothians and, with the loss of his command over Edinburgh Castle, this all served to improve James's position. James continued to retain Black Douglas support, allowing him to begin
810-452: A condition of James's release and had died there in 1434; his younger son Alan died in the king's service at the Battle of Inverlochy in 1431. David's son Robert was now Atholl's heir and both were now in line to the throne after the young Prince James. James continued to show favour to Atholl and appointed his grandson Robert as his personal chamberlain, but by 1437 after a series of setbacks at
945-459: A failed coup by his uncle Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl . Queen Joan, though wounded, escaped the attackers and reached Edinburgh Castle to be reunited with her son, the new King James II . James was probably born in late July 1394 at Dunfermline Abbey , 27 years after the marriage of his parents, Robert III and Annabella Drummond . It was also at Dunfermline under his mother's care that James would have spent most of his early childhood. He
1080-457: A fire in the castle of Linlithgow in 1425, funds were also diverted to the building of Linlithgow Palace , which continued until James died in 1437, and absorbed an estimated one-tenth of royal income. James asserted his authority over the Church as well as the nobility and regretted that King David I 's benevolence towards the Church proved costly to his successors and that he was "a sair sanct to
1215-575: A general council in August 1423, where it was agreed that a mission should be sent to England to negotiate James's release. James's relationship with the House of Lancaster changed in February 1424 when he married Joan Beaufort , a cousin of Henry VI and the niece of Thomas Beaufort, 1st Duke of Exeter and Henry, Bishop of Winchester . A ransom treaty of £40,000 sterling (less a dowry remittance of 10,000 marks )
1350-610: A hostage and more of a guest. James's value to Henry became apparent in 1420 when he accompanied Henry to France where his presence was used against the Scottish troops fighting alongside the French. Following the English victory at the siege of Melun , a town southeast of Paris , Scottish prisoners of war captured after the siege were hanged for treason against their king. James attended the coronation of Catherine of Valois on 23 February 1421 and
1485-491: A journey he made with his father to the Borders in 1670 he "saw Paxton, and Edringtone a part of [Lauder of] Basses lands, and given away to a brother; now belongs to my Lord Mordington". By the end of 1641 the superiority of Edrington had passed to Sir Patrick Hepburn of Waughton, the last George Lauder of The Bass's uncle. His son John Hepburn, a Royalist and Episcopalian , held the castle of The Bass against Oliver Cromwell , and
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#17330938513701620-458: A large army to lay siege to the English enclave of Roxburgh Castle . The campaign was to prove pivotal, the Book of Pluscarden describes ' a detestable split and most unworthy difference arising from jealosy ' within the Scottish camp and the historian Michael Brown explains that a contemporary source has James appointing his young and inexperienced cousin, Robert Stewart of Atholl, as the constable of
1755-535: A mission to England, no doubt diplomatic in its character, and payments out of public funds amounting to £60 were made to him for the expense of his journeys to London and York. In 1330, he possessed hereditarily the fishings of Edrington and was Keeper of Berwick Castle and Sheriff there". "Roberto de Lawedre, Militibus, Justiciario Lowdonie" was a witness in a charter granted by Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray , to John Stewart, 1st Earl of Angus , of Morthyntoun ( Mordington ) in 1331. Edrington to this day lies within
1890-460: A much more non-aligned position with England, France and Burgundy while at the same time opening up diplomatic contacts with Aragon , Austria , Castile , Denmark , Milan , Naples and the Vatican . Generally, Anglo-Scottish relations were relatively amicable and the truce, extended until 1436, helped the English position in France. Promises made in 1428 of a Scottish army to help Charles VII and
2025-583: A place called Long Hermiston Muir, engaged with and killed Fleming while Orkney and James escaped to the comparative safety of the Bass Rock islet in the Firth of Forth. They endured more than a month there before boarding the France-bound Maryenknyght , a ship from Danzig . On 22 March 1406, the ship was captured by an English vessel that was under the partial ownership of English politician Hugh Fenn ;
2160-521: A realignment of the combatants. The breakdown of the talks between England and France in 1435 precipitated an alliance between Burgundy and France, a request from France for Scottish involvement in the war, and for the fulfilment of the promised marriage of Princess Margaret to the Dauphin . In the spring of 1436 Princess Margaret sailed to France, and in August Scotland entered the war, with James leading
2295-458: A serious reversal in September 1402 when English troops defeated their large army at the Battle of Homildon Hill . Numerous Scottish nobles and their followers were captured included Douglas himself, Albany's son Murdoch, and the earls of Moray, Angus and Orkney. 1402 also saw, as well as the death of Rothesay, that of Alexander Leslie, Earl of Ross and Malcolm Drummond, Lord of Mar. This power vacuum
2430-573: A servant of the king — were in attendance in November and December 1432. In 1433 James, this time in response to a summons by the pope, appointed two bishops, two abbots and four dignitaries to attend the council. Twenty-eight Scottish ecclesiastics attended at intervals from 1434 to 1437, but the majority of the higher-ranking churchmen sent proxy attendees; Bishops John Cameron of Glasgow and John de Crannach of Brechin , however, attended in person, as did Abbot Patrick Wotherspoon of Holyrood . Even in
2565-507: A sitting of parliament in Inverness . Of those assembled the king arrested around 50 of them including Alexander , the third Lord of the Isles, and his mother, Mariota, Countess of Ross , around 24 August. A few were executed but the remainder, except Alexander and his mother, were quickly released. During Alexander's captivity, James attempted to split Clann Dòmhnall — Alexander's uncle John Mór
2700-489: A tyrant... ... Yet I do not doubt but that you shall see the day and time that you shall pray for my soul, for the great good that I have done to you, and to all in this realm of Scotland, that I have thus slain and delivered you of so cruel a tyrant... Despite this, by the middle of March, both Angus and Crichton had probably mobilised to move against Atholl. It is equally likely that Atholl had gathered his forces to resist incursions into his heartlands — on 7 March
2835-453: A witness to a charter to "Patrick de Dunbar de Bele, militi", signed in "the castle of Bele" (Biel, near Stenton ), and confirmed at Edinburgh 24 April 1452. Around 1462, Berwick-upon-Tweed Castle was put into the hands of Robert Lauder of Edrington. He kept his position uninterruptedly till 1474 when he was succeeded, briefly, by David, Earl of Crawford (later David Lindsay, 1st Duke of Montrose ). Scott records that, in 1464, "Robert Lauder
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#17330938513702970-535: Is also again mentioned here, and the Edinburgh Apprentice's Register records that they had another brother, "William, son to William Lauder of Edrington" who was indentured in 1609. Robert was still alive in 1642, in receipt of the annualrents of Poppill in Haddingtonshire , In this Sasine, Robert was resigning them to Sir Patrick Hepburn of Waughton. Sir John Lauder, Lord Fountainhall states that during
3105-577: Is in Coldingham Parish & Priory which mentions charters (circa 1097) of King Edgar by which were granted the profits of the mansions of, inter alia, Fulden & Hadrington (Foulden & Edrington) "for the souls" of His House (i.e. the Priory). The superiority of the lands of Edrington appear to have originally been claimed by the Palatinate of Durham, although at a very early date they were annexed by
3240-552: Is mentioned along with "Venerabilis pater Wills epus Glasguen' cancellar' Scotie ( William de Lawedre , Bishop of Glasgow and Lord Chancellor of Scotland ) and Patricius de Dunbar de Bele de Scotia, mils", under date 12 May 1423 in the Rotuli Scotiae . Again on 19 August 1423, when he was envoy for the ransom of King James I of Scotland ; and again on 3 December of that same year. Joseph Bain, quoting from Foedera and other original documents, confirms this. On 14 December 1425, he
3375-500: The Battle of Verneuil in August 1424 and his army was crushed. The loss of Buchan, Douglas and the large fighting force left Murdoch exposed politically. The death of Douglas at Verneuil would also weaken his son Archibald , the fifth earl. On 12 October 1424, the king and Archibald met at Melrose Abbey , ostensibly to agree to the appointment of John Fogo , a monk of Melrose, to the abbacy. The meeting may also have been intended as an official acceptance of Douglas, but it signalled
3510-636: The Berwickshire Civic Society for its restoration. Edrington remains an entirely rural estate on the English border, accessed from both the English and Scottish road networks, and largely unchanged over the centuries. Today a footbridge and footpath connects Edrington to nearby Paxton. Estate (house) In the United Kingdom , historically an estate comprises the houses, outbuildings, supporting farmland, tenanted buildings, and natural resources (such as woodland) that surround
3645-547: The Ordnance Gazetteer (Edinburgh 1885) was still referring to Edrington castle as "a ruined fortalice". But The Castellated & Domestic Architecture of Scotland from the 12th to the 18th Century , (vol. IV, Edinburgh, 1892) says that it was by then "a mere fragment of an ancient castle; a place of some importance in the Border wars." By 1892, the year of publication of the abovementioned architectural survey, Mr. Edward Grey,
3780-524: The Tower of London along with the other Scottish prisoners. One of these prisoners was James's cousin, Murdoch Stewart, Albany's son, who had been captured in 1402 at the Battle of Homildon Hill . Initially held apart, from 1413 until Murdoch's release in 1415, they were together in the Tower and at Windsor Castle . By 1420, James's standing at Henry V of England's court improved greatly; he ceased to be regarded as
3915-492: The chapter of Dunkeld Cathedral whose nominee was replaced by the king's nephew and firm supporter, James Kennedy. The reaction against the king at the general council had shown Atholl that not only was James on the back foot but his political standing had received a huge setback and may have convinced the earl that James's killing was now a viable course of action. Atholl had seen how assertive action by two of his brothers at different times had allowed them to take control of
4050-511: The dauphin of France , and a gift of the province of Saintonge to James. The ratification of the treaty by Charles took place in October 1428 and James, now with the intended marriage of his daughter into the French royal family and the possession of French lands, had his political importance in Europe boosted. The effectiveness of the alliance with France had virtually ceased after Verneuil and its renewal in 1428 did not alter that — James adopted
4185-570: The 11-year-old James, now the uncrowned King of Scotland, would remain in captivity for eighteen years. James was educated well during his imprisonment in England, where he was often kept in the Tower of London , Windsor Castle , and other English castles. He was generally well-treated and developed respect for English forms of governance. James joined Henry V of England in his military campaigns in France between 1420 and 1421. His cousin, Murdoch Stewart (Albany's son), an English prisoner since 1402,
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4320-425: The 20th century. In 1789 a major rebuild of the mill commenced and a stone to this effect can still be seen. From about 1890 on the mill was tenanted out, the last miller facing the massive floods which swept the district on 12 August 1948 (a stone on the wall today shows the high-water mark). All work ceased and the mill has been closed up ever since, having operated since at least 1300. Calls have recently been made by
4455-622: The Albany Stewarts but were forfeited to the crown, Albany's father-in-law, Duncan, Earl of Lennox , was imprisoned, and in December, the duke's main ally, Alexander Stewart, 1st Earl of Mar , settled his differences with the king. An acrimonious sitting of parliament in March 1425 precipitated the arrest of Murdoch, Isabella, his wife, and his son Alexander — of Albany's other sons, Walter was already in prison and James, his youngest, also known as James
4590-420: The Albany Stewarts guilty of rebellion — their executions followed swiftly. James granted Atholl the positions of Sheriff of Perth and Justiciar, as well as the earldom of Strathearn, but this, significantly, in life-use only, acts that confirmed Earl Walter's policing remit given by Albany, and his already effective grip on Strathearn. Atholl's elder son, David, had been one of the hostages sent to England as
4725-518: The Bass Rock—a move likely favourable both for Murdoch’s interests as well as James’s. Although hesitant about taking action against other members of the Albany Stewarts while Murdoch's brother, John Stewart, Earl of Buchan , and Archibald, 4th Earl of Douglas , were fighting against English forces in France. Buchan was a leader with an international reputation and commanded the large Scottish army, but both he and Douglas were killed by English troops at
4860-538: The Captain of Dunbar Castle to blow up Edrington Castle "with two half-barrels of powder" because it had been taken and strengthened by the English. The Captain is told to that he consult a William Lauder "the man of most experience within the said castle". However it is clear this order was never carried out. The Privy Council Registers record that Robert Lawder of The Bass (d. 1576) had loaned two thousand pounds to Mary, Queen of Scots , and Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley , and
4995-546: The County of Berwick (HMSO, Edinburgh, 1915) states "this castle is situated about three and a half miles west of Berwick, on a rocky bank above the Whitadder. A mere fragment remains, adjoining and incorporated in the farm buildings." Mr. Drummond Gauld (1934) laments that the castle "has suffered more from the attentions of local vandals than it ever did from the English." Edrington Mill, however, continued in its full operations into
5130-509: The Douglas of Whittingehame family who had intermarried with the Lauders of The Bass about 1537. George Douglas, 4th Lord Mordington was married to Catherine Lauder (both died 1741). Their son, Charles Douglas, 5th Lord Mordington , was a Jacobite and was forfeited following the 1745 uprising . He died s.p. Uncles did not attempt to reclaim the title and it fell dormant. In 1799 the proprietor of
5265-800: The Earl of Douglas and his brother James to withdraw funds from the customs. James's coronation at Scone on 21 May 1424 occurred against this backdrop. The coronation parliament of the Three Estates witnessed the king perform a knighthood ceremony for eighteen prominent nobles, including Alexander Stewart, Murdoch's son, likely aimed at fostering loyalty to the crown within the political community. The parliament convened primarily to discuss issues related to ransom payments and heard James emphasize his authority as monarch. He successfully enabled legislation aimed at boosting crown income by revoking royal predecessors' and guardians' patronage. This move immediately impacted
5400-472: The Earl's renewed involvement in Strathearn as ward to Graham's son, despite strong opposition from Albany, hinted at Atholl's possible involvement in the murder. The bad blood now existing between Albany and Atholl led James on his return to Scotland in 1424 to ally himself with Earl Walter, his uncle. Atholl participated at the assize that sat over the 24/25 May 1425 trials which found the prominent members of
5535-475: The English wars the Lauders were frequently forfeited of Edrington and other estates by the English King, but which were always overturned upon Scottish restoration. Until 1376, Edrington Mill had been feued to the de Paxton family in which year it was forfeited due to their part in a rebellion. Thereafter millers were directly employed by the Lauders. "Robertus de Lawedre de Edryngtoune de Scotia, miles" [knight]
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5670-726: The Fat died suddenly, releasing James to prepare for decisive action against the Lordship. The armies met on 21 June in Lochaber and Alexander, suffering the defection of Clan Chattan (the MacKintoshes) and Clan Cameron, was heavily defeated. Alexander escaped probably to Islay but James continued his assault on the Lordship by taking the strongholds of Dingwall and Urquhart castles in July. The king pushed home his advantage when an army reinforced with artillery
5805-530: The Fat , escaped into the Lennox. James the Fat led the men of Lennox and Argyll in open rebellion against the crown and may have been what the king needed to bring a charge of treason against the Albany Stewarts. Murdoch, his sons Walter and Alexander, and Duncan, Earl of Lennox were in Stirling Castle for their trial on 18 May at a specially convened parliament. An assize of seven earls and fourteen lesser nobles
5940-487: The French crown. Henry appointed the Duke of Bedford and James as the joint commanders of the siege of Dreux on 18 July 1421 and, on 20 August, they received the surrender of the garrison. Henry died of dysentery on 31 August 1422 and, in September, James was part of the escort taking Henry's body back to London. The regency council of the infant Henry VI of England was inclined to have James released as soon as possible. In
6075-549: The Gaels of the north was not the king's intention, James had resolved to use a degree of force to strengthen royal authority. He told the assembly: I shall go and see whether they have fulfilled the required service; I shall go I say and I will not return while they default. I will chain them so that they are unable to stand and lie beneath my feet. The leaders of the Gaelic kindreds in the north and west were summoned by James ostensibly to
6210-551: The Highland clans to a sitting of parliament in Inverness, and they came in great numbers. There, James unscrupulously had some murdered and imprisoned others, including Alexander , Lord of the Isles , along with his mother, Mariota, Countess of Ross . This betrayal effectively destroyed any peace he might have had with them. Archibald, 5th Earl of Douglas , was arrested in 1431, followed by George, Earl of March , in 1434. The fate of
6345-630: The King again appointed Robert Lauder of Edrington as custodian of the castle at Berwick-upon-Tweed for five years with a retainer of 200 merks (Scott gives it as £250) per annum.( The Great Seal ). He was not at the castle the following month, as on 2 February 1478, King James III of Scotland advised the bearers of the instalment of Princess Cecilia's dower that he had sent, amongst others, Robert Lawdir of Edrington, son and heir apparent to Robert Lawdir of The Bass, to conduct them to Edinburgh (Bain). Scott notes that he continued as Governor of Berwick Castle till
6480-617: The Lauders exist throughout the following century, including number 3330 confirmed 29 March 1509, which mentions the next Robert Lauder of Edrington (d. 1576) and his father Sir Robert Lauder of The Bass (who had married Isobel Hay); and on 29 April 1519 Sasine from the Crown, was confirmeded to [the new] Robert Lauder of The Bass, as superior, of the "island of The Bass , ' the lands of Edringtoun with tower, and mill , and fishing rights and all pertinents extending to [at least] 15 husbandlands [about 390 acres] &c." ( Exchequer Rolls ). Around 1540,
6615-771: The Lauders of The Bass. This family had campaigned with both Sir William Wallace , and Robert The Bruce who had appointed Sir Robert de Laweder of the Bass Justiciar of Lothian (or more properly Justiciary of Scotland South of the Forth) before 1316. On 28 July 1328, Robert the Bruce granted a charter of restitution to Sir Henry Percy of all his father's lands and rents, etc., in Scotland. Witnesses to this charter included Roberto de Lawedre, senior, Knight, (ref: Stones). John J. Reid states: "Sir Robert of Lauder of The Bass was, in 1329, employed on
6750-544: The Lords of Council issued a summons against Ninian Trotter at the instance of Robert Lauder of the Bass (d. 1576), who claimed that Mr. Trotter had interfered with people using Robert Lauder's mill at Edrington in Berwickshire . Trotter had abducted and imprisoned Mr. Rauf [Ralph?] Cook from Berwick, who, with Lauder's consent, "had come to grind his corns at the said Robert's mylne forsaid." On 15 August 1542, King James V sent an order to
6885-474: The Lordship. Four summer campaigns against the Lordship were now officially at an end with James's wishes having effectively been blocked by parliament. James's release in 1424 did not herald a new phase relationship in Anglo-Scottish relations. Contrary to the English council's hopes, the king emerged as a confident and independently-minded European monarch. The only substantive matters of contention between
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#17330938513707020-560: The Norman era, hunting had always been a popular pastime with the British royalty and nobility, and dating from the medieval era, land was parcelled off and put aside for the leisurely pursuits of hunting. These originated as royal forests and chase land, eventually evolving into deer parks , or sometimes into the Royal Parks if owned by the royal family. The ownership of these estates for hunting
7155-479: The Scottish Crown. Bain carries a reference in the year 1304 to "the King's lands of Edringtone", and also to the King's mill there. However, The Parish of Mordington suggests that the King was Edward I of England . These were 'disputed lands', as we have already seen, with the early charters referring to King Edgar, although Edrington has always been in Scotland. For centuries the proprietors of Edrington were
7290-466: The Trust. The estate was bought by Michael Edmund Thornhill, a former Hong Kong solicitor, in 1991. The castle ruins have been incorporated into some of the farm buildings. Tytler states that during the crisis of 1481 the Border barons and those whose estates lay near the sea were commanded to put into a posture of defence their various castles, one of which was Edrington. In July 1482, Edrington Castle
7425-521: The ambitions of the Lord of the Isles. Douglas's absence allowed King Robert's allies Henry Sinclair, Earl of Orkney , and Sir David Fleming of Biggar to become the main political force in the Lothians and Scottish Marches . In December 1404 the king granted the royal Stewart lands in the west ( Ayrshire and around the Firth of Clyde ), to James in regality , protecting them from outside interference and providing
7560-433: The bishoprics of Dunblane, Dunkeld, Glasgow and Moray. In March 1425, James's parliament directed that all bishops must instruct their clerics to offer up prayers for the king and his family; a year later, parliament toughened up this edict, insisting that the prayers be given at every mass, under the sanction of a fine and severe rebuke. This same parliament legislated that every person in Scotland should "be governed under
7695-537: The border. About 1546 Edrington Castle was again captured by the English and in that year the Scots demanded that "their house of Edrington" should be immediately restored to them; and in accordance with a Treaty concluded in the church at Norham , Edward VI vacated it. Edrington Castle as a residence, it would appear, was eventually superseded by the Pele Tower at Nether Mordington, today Edrington House, probably when it
7830-437: The building. James was alerted to the men's presence, giving the king time to hide in a sewer tunnel, but with its exit recently blocked off to prevent tennis balls from getting lost, James was trapped and murdered. The assassins had achieved their priority in killing the king, but the queen — although wounded — had escaped. Importantly, the six-year-old prince, now King James II , had been safeguarded from Atholl's control by
7965-563: The castle and burgh of Inverness in the spring of 1429. The crisis deepened when a fleet from the Lordship was dispatched to bring James the Fat back from Ulster 'to convey him home that he might be king'. With James's intention to form an alliance with the Ulster O'Donnells of Tyreconnell against the MacDonalds, the English distrusted the Scottish king's motives and tried to bring James the Fat to England. Before he could become an active player, James
8100-456: The country and James acted to reduce the unrest by freeing the earl on 29 September — it was quite likely that the king made the earl's release conditional on support at the forthcoming parliament at Perth at which James intended to push for further funding for the campaign against the Lordship. Parliament was in no mood to allow James unconditional backing — he was allowed a tax to fund his Highland campaign but parliament retained full control over
8235-519: The country houses were destroyed , or land was parcelled off to be sold. An urban example of the use of the term estate is presented by the "great estates" in Central London such as the Grosvenor and Portman , which continue to generate significant income through rent. Sometimes London streets are named after the rural estates of aristocratic landowners, such as in the case of Wimpole Street . From
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#17330938513708370-479: The croun". James also considered that the monastic institutions in particular needed improvement and that they should return to being strictly ordered communities. Part of James's solution was to create an assembly of overseeing abbots and followed this up by establishing a Carthusian priory at Perth to provide other religious houses with an example of internal conduct. He also sought to influence church attitudes to his policies by having his own clerics appointed to
8505-427: The day after the coronation of the young James II. Sir Robert Graham, the leader of the band of assassins, was captured by former Atholl allies and was tried at a session of the council sitting at Stirling Castle and subsequently executed sometime shortly after 9 April. Queen Joan's pursuit of the regency ended probably at the council of June 1437 when Archibald, 5th Earl of Douglas, was appointed lieutenant-general of
8640-405: The dispersal of crown estates since the reign of Robert I exposed legal defects in several transactions where the earldoms of Mar, March and Strathearn, together with the Black Douglas lordships of Selkirk and Wigtown, were found to be problematic. Strathearn and March were forfeited in 1427 and 1435, respectively. Mar was forfeited in 1435 on the earl's death without an heir, which also meant that
8775-612: The earls of Douglas and Mar by preventing them from withdrawing large sums from customs. Despite this action, James still relied on noble support—especially from Douglas—and initially took a less confrontational approach. Walter Stewart, Albany's son, was an early exception to this. Walter was heir to the earldom of Lennox and had been in open revolt against his father in 1423 for not giving way to his younger brother Alexander for this title. He also made no secret of his disagreement with his father's allowing James's return to Scotland. James had Walter arrested on 13 May 1424 and imprisoned on
8910-568: The early months of 1423, their attempts to resolve the issue met with little response from the Scots, clearly influenced by the Albany Stewarts and adherents. Archibald, Earl of Douglas was an astute and adaptable power in Southern Scotland whose influence even eclipsed that of the Albany Stewarts. Despite his complicity in James's brother's death in Albany's castle in 1402, Douglas could still engage with
9045-465: The estate is Edrington Mains. Carr's Coldingham Priory states that Edrington derived its name from its contiguity to the river Whitadder but he does not further explain how he associates the names. James Logan Mack refers to Edrington as "one of the earliest Border strongholds. The ancient castle occupied the summit of a steep bank above the Whitadder, and must have been a place of considerable strength and importance." An early reference to Edrington
9180-667: The estate was a Joseph Marshall, Esq. Thereafter the estate changed hands at least twice in every century. In 1945 it came into the possession of the Robertson sisters, who established in May 1961 the Robertson Trust. Elspeth, Agnes, and Ethel Robertson had inherited, from their father James Robertson, the controlling interest in Robertson & Baxter and the Clyde Bonding Company, which was renamed The Edrington Group , wholly owned by
9315-454: The first week of March, neither side seemed to have the ascendancy and the Bishop of Urbino, the pope's envoy, called for the council to pursue a peaceful outcome. ... Yitte dowte I nott but theat yee schulle see the daye and tyme that ye schulle pray for my sowle, for the grete good that I have done to yow, and to all this reume of Scotteland, that I have thus slayne and deliverde yow of so crewell
9450-541: The fishings of 'Edermouth' ( Whiteadder Water ) plus the mill there (at Edrington) which Robert the father personally resigned to Robert junior and his male heirs failing which those relations bearing the Lauder arms. The spouse of Robert senior, Jonette Home, gave her consent. In a further charter signed at Edinburgh 26 June 1474 and confirmed there on 27 July 1475, the King confirms a charter of Robert Lauder junior, "Lord of Edringtoun", Witnesses included Robert Lauder of Bass, father of said Robert junior. On 20 January 1478,
9585-406: The fortress, the Scots swiftly retreated—a chronicle written a year later said that the Scots 'had fled wretchedly and ignominiously' — but what is certain is that the effects and manner of the defeat, together with the loss of their expensive artillery, was a major reversal for James both in terms of foreign policy and internal authority. Walter Stewart was the youngest of Robert II 's sons and
9720-449: The gardens and grounds of a very large property, such as a country house , mansion , palace or castle . It is the modern term for a manor , but lacks a manor's now-abolished jurisdiction. The "estate" formed an economic system where the profits from its produce and rents (of housing or agricultural land) sustained the main household, formerly known as the manor house . Thus, "the estate" may refer to all other cottages and villages in
9855-484: The general council of the Church convened in Basel , but the initial full meeting did not take place until 14 December 1431, by which time Pope Eugene IV and the council were in complete disagreement. It was the council and not the pope who requested that James send representatives of the Scottish church, and it is known that two delegates — Abbot Thomas Livingston of Dundrenanan and John de Winchester , canon of Moray and
9990-461: The hands of James, the earl and Robert probably viewed the king's actions as a prelude to further acquisitions at Atholl's expense. Atholl's authority over the wealthy earldom of Strathearn was tenuous, and both he and Robert would have realised that Strathearn would have returned to the crown upon Atholl's death. This meant that Robert's holdings would have been the relatively impoverished earldoms of Caithness and Atholl and amounted to no more than what
10125-408: The horn for taking part with Archibald Earl of Argyll , Claud Hammiltoun, and others at Langsyde or for not finding surety to underlie the law for art and part in the slaughter there of one James Ballany. (Donaldson, 1963.) This escheat was later removed by a Precept of Remission. The next laird of Edrington of note was Robert Lauder of the Bass's 4th son, a cleric, George, then Rector of Auldcathy ,
10260-404: The host ahead of the experienced march wardens, the earls of Douglas and Angus. Brown explains that both earls possessed considerable local interests and that the effects of such a large army living off the land may have created resentment and hostility in the area. When the militant prelates of York and Durham, together with the Earl of Northumberland, took their forces into the marches to relieve
10395-452: The hostages in England was ignored by Scotland's ruling elite and the repayment money was diverted into the construction of Linlithgow Palace and other schemes. In August 1436, James's siege of Roxburgh Castle failed, and he subsequently faced an ineffective attempt by Sir Robert Graham to arrest him at a general council. On the night of 20/21 February 1437, James was assassinated in Perth during
10530-508: The king and queen had remained in the town at their lodgings in the Blackfriars monastery. In the evening of 20 February 1437 the king and queen were in their rooms and separated from most of their servants. Atholl's grandson and heir Robert Stewart, the king's chamberlain, allowed his co-conspirators — thought to number about thirty and led by Robert Graham and the Chambers brothers — access to
10665-471: The king of income and any of the regalia of his position, and was referred to in records as 'the son of the late king'. The king had a small household of Scots that included Henry Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, Alexander Seaton, the nephew of Sir David Fleming, and Orkney's brother John Sinclair, following the earl's return to Scotland. In time, James's household — now paid for by the English — changed from high-ranking individuals to less notable men. Henry IV treated
10800-475: The king's laws and statutes of this realm only". From this, laws were enacted in 1426 to restrict the actions of prelates whether it was to regulate their need to travel to the Roman Curia or their ability to purchase additional ecclesiastical positions while there. In James's parliament of July 1427, it is evident that the statute being enacted was to limit the authority of church jurisdiction. On 25 July 1431,
10935-509: The king. From 1421, Douglas had been in regular contact with James and they formed an alliance that was to prove pivotal in 1423. Although Douglas was the pre-eminent Scottish magnate, his position in the borders and Lothians was jeopardised — not only did he have to forcibly retake Edinburgh Castle from his own designated warden, but was very likely under threat from the Earls of Angus and March. In return for James's endorsement of Douglas's position in
11070-519: The kingdom and that as James's nearest adult relative, the earl must have considered that decisive intervention on his part at this time could prove to be equally successful. The conspiracy against the king seems to have been heavily influenced by the Albany Stewarts' destruction in 1425. Their judicial killing and forfeiture of their lands influenced the servants who administered and depended on these estates for their living. Atholl, under whose service several of these disgruntled Albany men appear, filled
11205-431: The kingdom, the earl was able to deliver his affinity in the cause of the king's homecoming. Also, the relationship between Murdoch—now Duke of Albany following his father's death in 1420 — and his own appointee, Bishop William Lauder , seemed to be under strain, perhaps evidence of an influential grouping at odds with Murdoch's stance. Pressure from these advocates for the king almost certainly compelled Murdoch to agree to
11340-672: The kingdom. King James's embalmed heart may have been taken on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land following his interment at Perth Charterhouse , as the Exchequer Rolls of Scotland for 1443 note the payment of £90 to cover the costs of a knight of the Order of St John who had returned it to the Charterhouse from the Island of Rhodes . The king, was of medium height, a little on the short side, with
11475-600: The lands and mill of Edrington, Berwickshire. He was described as William Lauder of Edrington in a precept of clare constat containing a precept of sasine dated 7 September 1587 granted by his brother George Lauder of Bass, but was dead by 1622. In a Duns Sheriff Court Deed (SC60/56/1) dated 6 November 1622 two of William's sons are mentioned: "Alexander Lauder brother to Robert Lauder of Edrington". A sasine registered on 10 March 1634 (RS25/22 fol.82) mentions "the late William Lauder of Edringtoune" and his "eldest lawful son and apparent heir, Robert". Robert's brother Alexander
11610-500: The lands of Hownam, 'Robert of Lawadre of Eddringtoun' appears as a witness James Logan Mack states that "about the year 1450 Edrington was conveyed by James II of Scotland to Robert Lauder of Bass" but as already noted they were already designated "of Edrington" so this must have been another reconfirmation. A Great Seal charter dated 25 April 1450 mentions a David de Lawder, "a nephew of Robert Lawder of Edringtoune". The same "Robert de Lawedre Lord of Edrington, militibus" appears as
11745-687: The last year of Scottish occupation, when Patrick Hepburn of Hailes had possession. The printed Exchequer Rolls record that payments were made to "Robert Lauder, Captain and Keeper of the castle at Berwick-upon-Tweed" in 1480 and 1481. On 12 September 1489, a Charter signed at Linlithgow from King James IV confirmed "to his squire, Robert Lauder of Edrington" various lands. This Robert Lauder of Edrington had married Isobel Hay, daughter of John Hay, 1st Lord Hay of Yester (a descendant of Robert The Bruce ), and his wife Mary Lindsay. Various charters in The Great Seal of further confirmations of Edrington to
11880-552: The late 1940s and early 1950s, many of these estates had been demolished and subdivided , in some cases resulting in suburban villages named for the former owners, as in Baxter Estates, New York . An important distinction between the United States and England is that "American country estates, unlike English ones, rarely, if ever, supported the house." American estates have always been about "the pleasures of land ownership and
12015-438: The levy. The rules parliament attached to the taxation indicated a robust stand against further conflict in the north and probably led to the turnaround that took place on 22 October when the king 'forgave the offence of each earl, namely Douglas and Ross [i.e. Alexander]'. For Douglas, this was a formal acknowledgement of his having been freed three weeks earlier, but for Alexander, this was a total reversal of crown policy towards
12150-447: The lordships of Garioch and Badenoch reverted to the crown. James sought to boost his income further through taxation and succeeded in getting parliament to pass legislation in 1424 for a tax to go towards paying off the ransom — £26,000 was raised but James sent only £12,000 to England. By 1429, James stopped the ransom payments completely and used the remainder of the taxation income on cannons and luxury goods from Flanders . Following
12285-400: The marriage of Euphemia to one of his affinity, Patrick Graham, and, by doing so, ended Walter's involvement in Strathearn. Duke Robert, possibly to make up for the loss of the benefits of Strathearn, made Walter Earl of Atholl and Lord of Methven. In 1413, Graham was killed in a quarrel with his own principal servant in the earldom, John Drummond. The Drummond kindred was close to Atholl and
12420-545: The marriage of James's eldest daughter to the French king's son Louis were unrealised. James had to balance his European responses carefully, because England's key ally, the Duke of Burgundy, was in possession of the Low Countries , a major trading partner of Scotland causing James's support for France to be muted. The truce with England expired in May 1436, but James's perception of the Anglo-French conflict changed following
12555-471: The midst of the Basel general council, Pope Eugenius instructed his legate, Bishop Antonio Altan of Urbino, to meet with James to raise the issue of the king's controversial anti-barratry laws of 1426. The Bishop of Urbino arrived in Scotland in December 1436 and, apparently, a reconciliation between James and the papal legate had taken place by the middle of February 1437, but the events of 21 February, when James
12690-466: The money for their improvement and maintenance usually comes from fortunes earned in other economic sectors besides agriculture. They are distinguished from ordinary middle-class American houses by sheer size, as well as their landscaping, gardens, outbuildings, and most importantly, recreational structures (e.g., tennis courts and swimming pools). This usage is the predominant connotation of "estate" in contemporary American English (when not preceded by
12825-507: The new owner, had completed a new country house nearby called Cawderstanes , with some cottages also adjoining the castle incorporating parts of it. Almost certainly his builders have been responsible for quarrying the stone from the castle for the big house. By 1909, Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bt., notes: "Edrington Castle, opposite Paxton , once a place of great strength and importance, has been quarried away to near ground level." The Sixth Report & Inventory of Monuments & Constructions in
12960-637: The only one not to have been provided with an earldom during his father's lifetime. Walter's brother, David, Earl of Strathearn and Caithness, had died before 5 March 1389 when his daughter Euphemia was first recorded as Countess of Strathearn. Walter, now guardian of his niece, administered Strathearn for the next decade and a half, during which time he aided his brother Robert, Earl of Fife and Guardian of Scotland, by enforcing law and order upon another brother, Alexander, lord of Badenoch — he again supported Robert (now Duke of Albany) against their nephew, David, Duke of Rothesay in 1402. Albany most likely engineered
13095-457: The opportunity to enjoy active, outdoor pursuits ." Although some American estates included farms, they were always in support of the larger recreational purpose. Today, large houses on lots of at least several acres in size are often referred to as "estates", in a contemporary updating of the word's usage. Most contemporary American estates are not large enough to include significant amounts of self-supporting productive agricultural land, and
13230-572: The parish of Mordington. Shaw records that "Sir Robert Lauder or Lawedre – both father and son – were present at the battle of Halidon Hill , on July 20, 1333." The famous chronicler Knyghton also states that Sir Robert senior "was present but did not take part due to the fact that he was unable to dismount from his horse in full armour owing to his advanced age". Halidon Hill is just two miles (3.2 km) from Edrington Castle. J. Stewart Smith (1898) states that "the eldest son of Lauder of The Bass took Edrington during his father's lifetime". During
13365-512: The pinnacle of a crag clothed with trees. On the western side the castle was inaccessible and was well adapted to stem the torrent on incursion from the English shores of the Tweed." James Logan Mack too said that "after the Union [1707] it was suffered to fall into decay." The Old Statistical Account of Scotland (vol. 15, c. 1795) mentions "Edrington Castle, ruins, demands our notice." One hundred years on,
13500-422: The prince with a territorial centre should the need arise. Yet in 1405, James was under the protection and tutelage of Bishop Henry Wardlaw of St Andrews on the country's east coast. The animosity of the Douglas affinity was intensifying due to Orkney's and Fleming's expanding influence in border politics and relations with England. Although a decision to send the young prince to France and out of Albany's reach
13635-542: The queen and the council entreated the burgess ' of Perth to resist the forces of the "feloune traitors". The position of Atholl and his circle of close supporters only collapsed after Earl Walter's heir Robert Stewart had been captured and who, in Shirley's account, confessed to his part in the crime. Walter was taken prisoner by Angus and held at the Edinburgh Tolbooth where he was tried and beheaded on 26 March 1437,
13770-460: The ransom payments, and to provide family hostages as security. James, who excelled in sports, literature, and music, aimed to impose law and order on his subjects but sometimes he applied such order selectively. To secure his position in the Scottish court, James launched pre-emptive attacks on some of his nobles beginning in 1425 with his close kinsmen, the Albany Stewarts. This led to the execution of Duke Murdoch and his sons. In 1427 James summoned
13905-440: The removal of the earl's associate, John Spens, from his role as James's custodian. Spens vanished from the records following the regicide but the re-allocation of his positions and lands immediately following the murder indicate his part in the plot. Yet, in the chaos following the murder, it appeared that the queen's attempt to position herself as regent was not guaranteed. No surviving documentation exists that suggests that there
14040-516: The same ownership as the mansion itself, covering more than one former manor. Examples of such great estates are Woburn Abbey in Bedfordshire , England, and Blenheim Palace , in Oxfordshire , England, built to replace the former manor house of Woodstock. Before the 1870s, these estates often encompassed several thousand acres, generally consisting of several farms let to tenants ; the great house
14175-610: The superiority of Edrington to his only child and heir, George Jr (b. 1597). George's younger brother, William, was at sometime invested in the hereditary feu of the Edrington estates. In the Muniments of the Scottish National Archives (GD45/16/2757) there is an instrument of sasine dated 19 July 1574 in favour of William Lauder, son of Robert Lauder of The Bass (d. 1576), and Isobel Ramsay, William's future wife in liferent , of
14310-454: The two kingdoms were the payments due under the terms of James's release and the renewal of the truce that would expire in 1430. In 1428 after setbacks on the battlefield Charles VII of France sent his ambassador Regnault de Chartres , Archbishop of Rheims to Scotland to persuade James to renew the Auld Alliance — the terms were to include the marriage of the princess Margaret to Louis,
14445-542: The vessel's crew delivered James to Henry IV of England , who kept him as a hostage . Robert III was at Rothesay Castle when he learned of his son's capture and he died soon after, on 4 April 1406, and was buried in the Stewart foundation abbey of Paisley . James, now the uncrowned King of Scots, began what proved to be his 18-year period as a hostage while, simultaneously, Albany transitioned from lieutenant to governor. Albany took James's lands under his control, depriving
14580-504: The void created by this. Among them were the brothers Robert and Christopher Chambers, and Sir Robert Graham, who only three months before had tried to arrest the king at the Perth council. Even though Robert Chambers was a member of the Royal household, the old Albany ties were stronger. A general council was held in Atholl's heartland in Perth on 4 February 1437 and crucially for the conspirators,
14715-450: The winter of 1405–1406 prompting plans to send him to France. In February 1406, James took refuge in the castle of the Bass Rock in the Firth of Forth after his escort was attacked by supporters of Archibald, 4th Earl of Douglas . He remained there until mid-March when he boarded a vessel bound for France. On 22 March, an English vessel captured the ship and delivered James to Henry IV of England . The ailing Robert III died on 4 April and
14850-739: The word "real" ), which is why "industrial estate" sounds like an oxymoron to Americans, as few wealthy persons would deliberately choose to live next to factories. Traditional American estates include: James I of Scotland James I (late July 1394 – 21 February 1437) was King of Scots from 1406 until his assassination in 1437. The youngest of three sons, he was born in Dunfermline Abbey to King Robert III and Annabella Drummond . His eldest brother David, Duke of Rothesay , died under suspicious circumstances while detained by his uncle, Robert, Duke of Albany . James's other brother, Robert, died young. Concerns for James's safety deepened in
14985-470: The young James well, providing him with a good education. James was ideally placed to observe Henry's methods of kingship and political control, having probably been admitted into the royal household upon reaching adulthood. James used personal visits from his nobles, coupled with letters to individuals, to maintain his visibility in his kingdom. Henry died in 1413 and his son, Henry V , immediately ended James's comparative freedom by initially holding him in
15120-605: Was agreed at Durham on 28 March 1424, to which James attached his own seal. The king and queen, escorted by English and Scottish nobles, reached Melrose Abbey on 5 April and were met by Albany, who relinquished his governor's seal of office. Throughout the 15th century, Scottish kings were financially constrained and James's reign was no exception. The Albany regency had been similarly limited, with Duke Robert governorship fees remaining unpaid. Royal patronage ceased entirely following James's capture, leading to irregular forms of political favours, such as Albany allowing nobles like
15255-585: Was also an Auditor of Exchequer, and between 1425 and 1433 he was Governor of Edinburgh Castle. His name can be seen today on the Table of Governors on display in the Great Hall at Edinburgh Castle . His son thereafter took Edrington. Rev. Ferrier notes that Sir Robert de Lawedre de Eddringtoun, knight, endowed an altar to St. Mary in North Berwick Church on 4 March 1435. Further, in a charter dated 20 June 1443 re
15390-439: Was any general feeling of horror or condemnation aimed at the murderers. Possibly had the botched attempt at killing the queen succeeded and had Atholl taken control of the young king his attempted coup might have succeeded. The queen's small group of loyal supporters including the Earl of Angus and William Crichton ensured her continued hold of James. This in itself greatly reinforced her situation but Atholl still had followers. By
15525-454: Was appointed to hear the evidence that linked the prisoners to the rebellion in the Lennox. The four men were condemned, Walter on 24 May and the others on 25 May, and immediately beheaded in 'front of the castle'. James demonstrated a ruthless and avaricious side to his nature in the destruction of his close family, the Albany Stewarts, that yielded the three forfeited earldoms of Fife, Menteith and Lennox. An inquiry set up by James in 1424 into
15660-566: Was approached by an agent of the king to take the clan leadership but he refused to have any dealings with the king while his nephew was held prisoner led to John Mór's arrest and murder by the king's agent. The king's need for allies in the west and north led him to soften his approach towards the Lord of the Isles and, hoping that Alexander would now become a loyal servant of the crown, he was given his freedom. Alexander, probably under pressure from his close kinsmen Donald Balloch, John Mór's son, and Alasdair Carrach of Lochaber , led an attack on
15795-419: Was articulated by their speaker Sir Robert Graham , a former Albany attendant but now a servant of Atholl. The council then witnessed an unsuccessful attempt by Graham to arrest the king resulting in the knight's imprisonment followed by banishment but James failed to see Graham's actions as part of an extended threat. In January 1437, Atholl received yet another rebuff in his own heartlands when James overturned
15930-498: Was assassinated, prevented the legate from completing his commission. The king called a general council in July 1428 in Perth to raise funds for an expedition into the Highlands against the semi-autonomous Lord of the Isles . The council initially resisted granting James the funds — even with royal support from the powerful Earls of Mar and Atholl — but eventually gave in to the king's wishes. Although it seemed that an all-out attack on
16065-524: Was beaten at Inverlochy and Angus Moray's in a fierce battle near Tongue in Caithness. This was a serious setback for James and his credibility was adversely affected. In 1431, before the September uprising, the king had arrested two of his nephews, John Kennedy of Carrick and Archibald, Earl of Douglas, possibly because of a conflict between John and his uncle, Thomas Kennedy in which Douglas may have become involved. Douglas's arrest had raised tensions in
16200-750: Was designated "of Edringtoune" in a charter dated 22 February 1653, when he was confirmed in the lands of Langshaw in the barony of Melrose . Patrick Scott and James Winraham, who held wadsets (mortgages) over Edrington, resigned "the lands of Edrington", with fishings etc., and "the manor-place" [castle], on 16 June 1661 by sale, recorded in the Great Seal of Scotland , to James, Master of Mordington, "eldest lawful son of William Douglas, 2nd Lord Mordington , and his heirs male, whom failing to William Douglas his next younger brother and his heirs male, whom failing to Francis Douglas his second brother" etc. The Lauder connexion continued as Lords Mordington intermarried with
16335-423: Was dispatched to the Isles. Alexander probably realised that his position was hopeless and tried to negotiate terms of surrender but James demanded and received his total submission. From August 1429 the king delegated royal authority to Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar to keep the peace in the north and west. The Islesmen rose again in September 1431 and inflicted two important defeats on the king's men — Mar's army
16470-423: Was heavily fined and imprisoned. John Hepburn of Waughton was forced to resign Edrington in charter 1948 dated 1 March 1648 to James Scott, a merchant-burgess of Edinburgh. Scott was dead by June 1653 when his widow, Jeanette Archibald, was described as his relict in a charter of that date. It then passed to another of his family, probably his son, Patrick Scott, who also became a merchant-burgess of Edinburgh, and who
16605-402: Was honoured by sitting immediately on the left of queen at the coronation banquet. In March, Henry began a circuit of the important towns in England as a show of strength, and during this tour James was knighted on Saint George's Day . By July, the two kings were back campaigning in France where James, evidently approving of Henry's methods of kingship, seemed content to endorse his claims to
16740-594: Was in Earl Walter's possession in the years between 1406 and 1416. The retreat from Roxburgh exposed the king to questions regarding his control over his subjects, his military competence and his diplomatic abilities yet he remained determined to continue with the war against England. Just two months after the Roxburgh fiasco, James called a general council in October 1436 to finance further hostilities through more taxation. The estates firmly resisted this and their opposition
16875-472: Was in practice strictly restricted until the 19th century when legal changes to game hunting meant the nobility, gentry and other wealthy families could purchase land for the purposes of hunting. At the administrative centre of these sporting estates is usually a sporting lodge . These are also often known as shooting or hunting estates. In modern British English , the term "estate" has been generalised to any large parcel of land under single ownership, such as
17010-481: Was inevitably filled by individuals who were not involved in national politics. In the years between 1402 and 1406, the northern earldoms of Ross, Moray and Mar were without adult leadership and with Murdoch Stewart, the justiciar for the territory north of the Forth in an English prison, Albany found himself reluctantly having to ally with his brother Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan , and Buchan's son, Alexander, to counter
17145-484: Was invested in the family estates:- "The King confirms to Robert de Lawedre of Edringtoun, knight, justiciario Scotia, the lands of le Crag, Balgone, the Bass, Edringtoun , Simprin, Easter Pencaitland , Newhall, etc"., for him and his legitimate heirs. According to Alexander Nisbet he too was Justiciar of the Lothians . Describing him as "Roberto de Lawedre de Edringtoun militi", John J. Reid mentions that this Sir Robert
17280-407: Was paid £20 for repairs made to Berwick Castle." Robert de Laweder de Edringtoun is the first witness to a Retour of Service dated 1467 of Margaret Sinclair as one of the heirs of her grandfather John Sinclair in the lands of Kimmerghame, Berwickshire. In a charter of 1471 the King confirmed to Robert Lauder son and heir apparent of Robert Lauder of Edrington, the lands of Edrington and Coalstell with
17415-463: Was rebuilt about 1750. [See: Timothy Pont 's map of Mercia in Blaeu's Atlas ]. The Parish of Mordington says of Edrington castle that "at the close of the eighteenth century the tower and battlements were substantially intact"; and H. Drummond Gauld ( Brave Borderland , London 1934) states "towards the close of the 18th century Edrington Castle was still four storeys in height, a commanding ruin perched on
17550-606: Was seven years old when his mother died in 1401, and a year later his elder brother David, Duke of Rothesay , was probably murdered by their uncle Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany , after being held at Albany's Falkland Castle . James, now heir to the throne, was the only barrier to the Albany Stewarts' royal ambitions. In 1402 Albany and his close ally Archibald, 4th Earl of Douglas , were absolved of Rothesay's death allowing Albany's reappointment as King's Lieutenant. Albany rewarded Douglas for his support by allowing him to resume hostilities with England but their fortunes suffered
17685-473: Was supplied with food from its own home farm (for meat and dairy) and a kitchen garden (for fruit and vegetables). A dower house may have been present on the estate to allow the widow of the former owner her own accommodation and household when moved out the primary house on the estate. The agricultural depression from the 1870s onwards and the decline of servants meant that the large rural estates declined in social and economic significance, and many of
17820-631: Was taken and burnt by Richard (the future King Richard III ), Duke of Gloucester's army but was soon afterwards rebuilt and fortified by order (and presumably paid for) of the Scottish Parliament. Pitcairn records on 7 April 1529, a "remission to Robert Lauder of The Bass and eleven others for treasonably intercommuning, resetting and assisting Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus (who had been forfeited), George Douglas, his brother, and Archibald, their uncle" whom Lauder had given refuge to in his castle of Edrington. The Douglases went into exile across
17955-452: Was taken in the winter of 1405–1406, James's departure from Scotland was unplanned. In February 1406 Bishop Wardlaw released James to Orkney and Fleming who, with their large force of Lothian adherents, proceeded into hostile Douglas east Lothian . James's custodians may have been displaying royal approval to further their interests in Douglas country. This provoked a fierce response from James Douglas of Balvenie and his supporters who, at
18090-515: Was traded for Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland , in 1416. However, Albany refused to negotiate James's release. James married Joan Beaufort , daughter of the Earl of Somerset , in February 1424, shortly before his release in April. His return to Scottish affairs was not altogether popular due to his service to Henry V in France, sometimes against Scottish forces. Noble families faced increased taxes to fund
18225-428: Was with Queen Mary at Carberry Hill on 14 June 1567, and subsequently at the battle of Langside . As a result, on 5 July 1568, at Edinburgh, Casper Home was granted an escheat of the goods of Robert Lawder of The Bass, including his cattle and other goods on the steading and lands of Eddringtoun and the dues of the mill thereof, in the sheriffdom of Berwick, the said Robert being convicted, become in will, fugitive or at
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