105-713: The government of Edo State serves as the governing authority for Edo State , one of the 36 states within the Federal Republic of Nigeria . It comprises three branches of government: the executive branch led by the Governor of Edo State , the legislative branch represented by the Edo State House of Assembly , and the judicial branch, including the Judiciary of Edo State and the Courts of Edo State . The state government operates under
210-517: A state of emergency , and issue executive orders and proclamations . Assisting the governor is the Deputy Governor of Edo State , elected on the same ticket, who performs functions assigned by the governor and acts as governor in the latter's absence, death, resignation, impeachment, or permanent incapacity. As of the latest elections in 2020, Godwin Obaseki serves as the governor, affiliated with
315-621: A crime of terrorism. The 1954 Constitution of China made provision for amnesties and pardons, both of which were to be powers of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress . The amnesty or pardon would then be issued by the president. Chairman Mao Zedong and President Liu Shaoqi released the first-time pardon in 1959. The later three constitutions promulgated in 1975, 1978, and 1982 all removed provision amnesty and only kept pardons. In China, pardons are decided by
420-503: A criminal conviction, such as the ability to contract with the federal government, or eligibility for Canadian citizenship . If an individual in receipt of a pardon is convicted of a new offence, the information may lead to a reactivation of the criminal record for which the pardon was received in CPIC. A pardon does not guarantee entry or visa privileges to another country. Before travelling to another country, individuals must still contact
525-497: A criminal offense in Canada, or of an offense under a federal act or regulation of Canada, or if they were convicted of a crime in another country and were transferred to Canada under the Transfer of Offenders Act or International Transfer of Offenders Act . Non-Canadian citizens are not eligible for a Canadian pardon unless they were convicted of a crime in Canada. To be eligible for
630-410: A jurisdiction. Pardons are sometimes seen as a mechanism for combating corruption, allowing a particular authority to circumvent a flawed judicial process to free someone who is seen as wrongly convicted. Pardons can also be a source of controversy. In extreme cases, some pardons may be seen as acts of corruption by officials in the form of granting effective immunity as political favors. In Australia,
735-452: A maximum of three terms. The house of assembly is the law-making organ of the state and has the power to make laws for the peace, order, and good government of the state; to approve the state budget and oversee the state expenditure; to confirm the governor's appointments to confirm the governor's appointments and remove them for misconduct; to impeach the governor or the deputy governor for gross misconduct; and to exercise oversight functions on
840-463: A pardon is absolute or this power of pardon shall be exercised by the president on the advice of the Council of Ministers. The pardoning power of the president is not absolute. It is governed by the advice of the Council of Ministers. This has not been discussed by the constitution but is the practical truth. Further, the constitution does not provide for any mechanism to question the legality of decisions of
945-400: A pardon may implicitly constitute an admission of guilt; the offer is refused in some cases. Cases of wrongful conviction are in recent times more often dealt with by appeal rather than by pardon; however, a pardon is sometimes offered when innocence is undisputed in order to avoid the costs that are associated with a retrial. Clemency plays a critical role when capital punishment exists in
1050-418: A pardon or record suspension, individuals must have completed all of their sentences and a waiting period . Individuals are considered to have completed all of their sentences if they have: Prior to 2012, following completion of all of their sentences, individuals must have completed a waiting period, as follows: Effective 13 March 2012, the eligibility criteria and waiting periods changed: Applicants for
1155-867: A pivotal role in the nation's rubber industry and serves as a major producer of palm oil, cocoa, cassava, yam, plantain, banana, maize, rice, and groundnut. Abundant in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, limestone, granite, clay, and gold, the city boasts industrial and commercial zones such as the Benin Industrial Estate, Benin City Textile Mill, Benin City Rubber Factory, and Benin City Oil Mill. Furthermore, it hosts financial and service institutions, encompassing banks, insurance companies, hotels, restaurants, and markets. Benin City stands as
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#17328983412461260-570: A plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas. English is the official language of the state. The major tribal languages spoken in the state are Edo , Etuno , Etsako , Esan , Ake-Ievbu and Okpamheri . Edo State is home to several ethnicities, they are the Edo , Okpe , Esan , Afenmai , Akoko , Igbanke , Emai . The Etsako/Afemai people of Edo state have the highest population of Muslims. They live in Six local government areas within
1365-919: A prominent educational and scientific hub within Edo State and Nigeria. Home to the University of Benin , established in 1970 and recognised as one of the country's leading universities. The city also has several other tertiary institutions, such as the Ambrose Alli University , the Benson Idahosa University , the Edo State Polytechnic , the Edo State College of Education , and the Edo State School of Nursing and Midwifery . The city also has several research and development centers, such as
1470-470: A record suspension must be able to show that they have completed their sentences in full and provide proof of payment. Individuals can apply for a pardon by filling out the application forms available from the Parole Board and by paying a $ 50 pardon/record suspension application fee. In Canada, clemency is granted by the governor general of Canada or the Governor in Council (the federal cabinet) under
1575-405: A referendum. The LGAs of Edo State are the closest level of government to the people and are responsible for the provision of essential services and amenities, such as primary education, primary health care, rural water supply, rural electrification, environmental sanitation, waste management, road maintenance, market development, agricultural extension, and community development. The LGAs also have
1680-513: A seaport, the Gelegele Seaport , which is located on the Benin River and serves as a gateway for the export and import of goods and services. The city also has several communication facilities, such as telephone, radio, television, internet, and postal services. Benin City is the political and social hub of Edo State and Nigeria, as it is the seat of the state government and the headquarters of
1785-474: Is -0.68% lower than Nigeria's averages. Edo typically receives about 183.49 millimeters (7.22 inches) of precipitation and has 265.91 rainy days (72.85% of the time) annually and at an elevation of 239.16 meters (784.65 feet) above sea level. With Benin City as capital, the population of the entire state is approximately 5 million. It is made up of four major ethnic groups ; namely Edo (Binis), Owan , Esan and Afemai ( Etsako & Akoko Edo ). However,
1890-569: Is a different concept and procedure from that described above, although the phrase "presidential amnesty" ( amnistie présidentielle ) is sometimes pejoratively applied to some acts of parliament traditionally voted upon after a presidential election, granting amnesty for minor crimes. Similar to the United States, the right to grant pardon in Germany is divided between the federal and the state level. Federal jurisdiction in matters of criminal law
1995-463: Is a prerogative of the president which is directly inherited from that of the kings of France. The convicted person sends a request for pardon to the president of the republic. The prosecutor of the court that pronounced the verdict reports on the case, and the case goes to the Ministry of Justice 's directorate of criminal affairs and pardons for further consideration. If granted, the decree of pardon
2100-503: Is granted by Supreme Decree of the president of the republic . In Chile's presidential regime, the president is the head of state ; in this capacity, the president has the discretionary power to grant particular pardons and is not obliged to seek opinion or approval from other authorities, although, the granting of pardons is limited by the norms of Law No. 18.050 (1981), and its Regulations (Decree No. 1542 of 1981 on particular pardons), which forbid particular pardons for those convicted of
2205-434: Is mostly restricted to appeals against decisions of state courts. Only "political" crimes like treason or terrorism are tried on behalf of the federal government by the highest state courts. Accordingly, the category of persons eligible for a federal pardon is rather narrow. The right to grant a federal pardon lies in the office of the president of Germany , but the president can transfer this power to other persons, such as
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#17328983412462310-532: Is organized on the basis of age-grades similar to those of the villages as well as on the basis of wards and chiefs, both hereditary and non-hereditary, serving the Oba in specialised functions. The Oba is the focal point of the Benin political system and institution is based squarely on that of divine kingship. Edo state has a Tropical wet and dry or savanna climate with yearly temperature of 28.78 °C (83.8 °F) and it
2415-524: Is regulated in the Criminal Code (article 93, Nº 4º), which deals with the extinction of criminal liability. A pardon "only grants the remission or the commutation of the sentence; it does not remove the condition of having been condemned". The pardon may be either general, when it is granted to all those covered by a specific law passed by qualified quorum in National Congress , or particular, when it
2520-425: Is responsible for the administration and management of the house affairs, such as the allocation of seats, offices, and facilities; the appointment and supervision of the house staff; the preparation and approval of the house budget; and the regulation and enforcement of the house rules and procedures. The house of assembly also has several committees , which are sub-groups of the house members that are established by
2625-418: Is responsible for the development and implementation of the state information and communication technology policies and programs. The legislative branch of the state government is the Edo State House of Assembly , which is the unicameral legislature of the state. The house of assembly consists of 24 members, who are elected by popular vote from 24 constituencies of the state for a four-year term and can serve
2730-660: Is served by Benin Airport with flights to Abuja, Kano, Lagos and Port Harcourt. Pardon (law) A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction . A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime , depending on the laws of the jurisdiction. Pardons can be granted in many countries when individuals are deemed to have demonstrated that they have "paid their debt to society", or are otherwise considered to be deserving of them. In some jurisdictions of some nations, accepting
2835-467: Is signed by the president, the prime minister , the minister of justice , and possibly other ministers involved in the consideration of the case. It is not published in the Journal Officiel . The decree may spare the applicant from serving the balance of his or her sentence, or commute the sentence to a lesser one. It does not suppress the right for the victim of the crime to obtain compensation for
2940-549: Is the Edo language , which is commonly spoken in Benin City. Christianity is the dominant religion in Edo State. It was first introduced to the region by Portuguese missionaries during the 15th century. Islam and traditional religions are also practised. The Mid-Western Region was a division of Nigeria from 1963 to 1991, formally known as Bendel state from 1976. It was formed in June 1963 from Benin and Delta provinces of
3045-565: Is the Judiciary of Edo State , which is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary is independent of the executive and legislative branches and is subject to the Constitution of Nigeria , the Constitution of Edo State , the Laws of Edo State , and the Common law . The judiciary is composed of the Courts of Edo State , which are classified into two types:
3150-503: Is the fourth largest city in Nigeria, and the centre of the country's rubber industry. Created in 1991 from the former Bendel State , it is also known as the heart beat of the nation. Edo State borders Kogi State to the north for 133 km and across the Niger River for 81 km to the northeast, Anambra State to the east for about four km across the Niger River, Delta State to
3255-893: Is the chief law officer of the state and the head of the Edo State Ministry of Justice ; the Auditor-General of Edo State , who is the chief accounting officer of the state and the head of the Edo State Audit Service Commission ; and the Accountant-General of Edo State , who is the chief financial officer of the state and the head of the Edo State Treasury . The executive branch also includes several agencies , boards , parastatals , and corporations that are established by law or by executive order to perform specific functions or provide specific services for
Government of Edo State - Misplaced Pages Continue
3360-454: Is the legislative body. The electoral system of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received
3465-855: The Benin City National Museum , the Oba's Palace , the Okomu National Park , the Ososo Tourist Centre , and the Somorika Hills. The state is renowned for its arts and culture, with highlights such as the Benin bronze sculptures , the Igue festival , the Edo masquerade festival , and the Esan dance . The executive branch, headed by the Governor of Edo State , operates on the premise of popular election, with
3570-481: The Benin River , the city spans an area of 1,204 square kilometres (465 sq mi). According to the 2006 census, Benin City boasted a population of 1,050,000, with an estimated urban population reaching 1,495,000 by 2016. Ranking as the fourth-largest city in Nigeria, it follows Lagos, Kano, and Ibadan. Benin City holds significance as the historical and cultural nucleus of both Edo State and Nigeria. Serving as
3675-926: The Benin-Lagos Expressway , the Benin-Asaba Expressway , the Benin-Auchi Expressway , and the Benin-Bypass . The city also has a railway station, which is part of the Nigerian Railway Corporation network that links the city to Lagos , Kano , Port Harcourt , and other major cities in the country. The city also has an airport, the Benin Airport , which is operated by the Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria and serves domestic and international flights. The city also has
3780-602: The British Empire conducted a punitive expedition of the region, destroying most of the ancient city of Edo and incorporating the territory into what would become the Southern Nigeria Protectorate . Edo State is a diverse state that is predominantly inhabited by the Edoid people , including the Edo (or Bini) , Esan , Ora, Akoko-Edo, Owan and Afemai people among others. The most common Edoid language spoken
3885-523: The Chairperson of the Edo State House of Assembly Committee , who is appointed by the speaker or elected by the committee members from among themselves and is responsible for the coordination and supervision of the committee activities, such as the conduct of hearings, investigations, or deliberations; the preparation and presentation of reports or bills; and the liaison with the other branches or organs of
3990-688: The Chief of Staff to the Governor of Edo State , who is the principal political adviser to the governor and the coordinator of the governor's office; and the Head of Service of Edo State , who is the chief executive officer of the state civil service and the chairman of the Edo State Civil Service Commission . The executive council also has other members, such as the Attorney General of Edo State , who
4095-552: The Church of Nigeria under Archbishop Cyril Odutemu (2020) includes the Diocese of Akoko-Edo (2007) led by Bishop Jolly Ehigiator Oyekpen until he died 2022, the Diocese of Benin (1962) led by Bishop Peter Imasuen (2004), the Diocese of Esan (2000) led by Bishop Gabriel Elabor (2020), the Diocese of Etsako (2007) led by Bishop Felix Unuokhe Olorunfemi , the Diocese of Oleh (1999) led by Bishop John Usiwoma Aruakpor (2012), and
4200-677: The Diocese of Sabongidda-Ora (1993) led by Bishop Augustine Ohilebo (2004). Tourist attractions in Edo State include the Emotan Statue in Benin City, Ise Lake and River Niger Beach in Agenebode , Etsako-East; Mike Akhigbe Square at fugar , Ambrose Alli Square, Ekpoma , River Niger Beaches at Ilushi , BFFM Building at Ewu , Obiemen lake in Agua Irrua, Igun Bronze Caster at Igun Street in Benin City, College of Agriculture and Aqua Culture Technology, Agenebode, Okpekpe with its hills and scenes and
4305-945: The Edo South Senatorial District , the Edo Central Senatorial District , and the Edo North Senatorial District . The city also has several local government areas, such as the Oredo , the Egor , the Ikpoba-Okha , the Ovia North-East , the Ovia South-West , and the Uhunmwonde . The city also has several political parties, civil society organisations, religious groups, and ethnic associations, that represent
Government of Edo State - Misplaced Pages Continue
4410-577: The Edo State Sharia Judicial Service Commission , which is the commission that oversees the affairs of the sharia court of appeal and the sharia courts; and the Edo State Customary Judicial Service Commission , which is the commission that oversees the affairs of the customary court of appeal and the customary courts. The judicial service commissions consist of the chief judge, the grand kadi, or
4515-713: The Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research , the Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria , the National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research , and the Edo State Agricultural Development Programme . Benin City is the transportation and communication hub of Edo State and Nigeria, as it is connected by road, rail, air, and water to other parts of the state, the country, and the world. The city has several road networks, such as
4620-566: The People's Democratic Party (PDP), with Philip Shaibu as the deputy governor, who was later replaced by Omobayo Godwins in April 2024 after Shaibu was impeached. The governor is also supported by the Edo State Executive Council , which is the highest policy-making organ of the state. The executive council consists of the governor, the deputy governor, and the commissioners appointed by
4725-413: The Rules and Business Committee of the Edo State House of Assembly ; and the ad hoc committees , which are temporary and deal with the specific subjects or issues of the house, such as the Committee of the Whole House of the Edo State House of Assembly , the Select Committee of the Edo State House of Assembly , and the Conference Committee of the Edo State House of Assembly . The committees are headed by
4830-483: The Superior courts of record of Edo State , which are the higher courts that have jurisdiction over the major civil and criminal cases and appeals; and the Inferior courts of record of Edo State , which are the lower courts that have jurisdiction over the minor civil and criminal cases and appeals. The highest court of the state is the Edo State High Court , which is the superior court of record that has general jurisdiction over all civil and criminal matters arising from
4935-454: The damages it suffered, and does not erase the condemnation from the criminal record . When the death penalty was in force in France, all capital sentences resulted in a presidential review for a possible clemency. Executions were carried out if and only if the president rejected clemency, by signing a document on which it was written: "decides to let justice take its course". The Parliament of France , on occasions, grants amnesty . This
5040-487: The governors of each state under Article 161. The Constitution of India vests sovereign power in the president and governors. The governance in the centre and states is carried out in the name of the president and governor respectively. The president is empowered with the power to pardon under Article 72 of the Indian Constitution, which says that the president shall have the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute
5145-406: The local government councils , which are the elected bodies that exercise the legislative and executive powers of the LGAs. The local government councils consist of the chairperson , who is the head and the chief executive officer of the LGA; the vice-chairperson , who is the deputy head and the chief accounting officer of the LGA; and the councillors , who are the representatives of the wards of
5250-431: The royal prerogative of mercy . Applications are also made to the National Parole Board , as in pardons, but clemency may involve the commutation of a sentence, or the remission of all or part of the sentence, a respite from the sentence (for a medical condition or a relief from a prohibition, e.g., to allow someone to drive who has been prohibited from driving). In Chile , the institution of pardon ( indulto )
5355-466: The "Heartbeat of the Nation," Edo State earns this title due to its strategic location, cultural heritage, and economic potential. The state is a producer of commodities such as rubber , palm oil , cocoa , cassava , yam , plantain , banana , maize , rice , and groundnut . It is also endowed with mineral resources, including petroleum , natural gas , limestone , granite , clay , and gold . Edo State features several tourist attractions, including
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#17328983412465460-423: The Edo State House of Assembly , who is elected by the members from among themselves and is the principal officer and spokesperson of the house. The speaker is assisted by the Deputy Speaker of the Edo State House of Assembly , who is also elected by the members from among themselves and acts as the speaker in the event of the speaker's absence, death, resignation, impeachment, or permanent incapacity. The speaker and
5565-407: The Edo State House of Assembly on November 17, 2022. The budget's core objective is to consolidate the achievements of the governor's first term and fulfill campaign promises centered on enhancing the welfare and well-being of the people of Edo State. Benin City , the capital of Edo State, stands as the largest and most populous urban center within the state. Nestled in the south-central region along
5670-414: The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall exercise the following powers and functions ... to pardon persons convicted of criminal offences or commute their penalties". Under the Constitution of India (Article 72), the president of India can grant a pardon or reduce the sentence of a convicted person, particularly in cases involving capital punishment . A similar and parallel power vests in
5775-479: The LGA. The local government councils also have the secretary , who is the principal administrative officer of the LGA and the head of the local government service commission ; and the heads of department , who are the heads of the various departments of the LGA and are responsible for the administration and management of the LGA affairs in their respective portfolios. The 18 LGAs of Edo State are: The LGAs of Edo State are further divided into 192 wards, which are
5880-412: The National Standing Committee of the People's Congress and issued by the president. On 23 September 2015, President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi issued a pardon freeing 100 activists, including Al Jazeera journalists Mohamed Fahmy and Baher Mohamed . Pardons and acts of clemency ( grâces ) are granted by the president of France , who, ultimately, is the sole judge of the propriety of the measure. It
5985-562: The PBC can issue, grant, deny, and revoke pardons. In 2012, the Parliament of Canada passed the Safe Streets and Communities Act , which changed many elements of the criminal justice system. The Act replaced the term "pardon" with "record suspension", and the pardon system was similarly changed. A pardon keeps the police record of a conviction separate and apart from other criminal records , and gives law-abiding citizens an opportunity to reintegrate into Canadian society. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police removes all information about
6090-519: The State has a high presence of residents from across the country and the world because of its cosmopolitan tendencies. Benin City has a history of being one of the foremost destinations of Europeans during their exploration of Africa continent many centuries ago. Some of these flash points have remained enviable tourists' attraction sites for the state. The people are known for having several Edo traditional food . The main ethnic groups in Edo State are Édo, Etsako, Esan, Owan, and Akoko Edo. Some of
6195-420: The State. The State Judiciary is headed by a Chief Judge. On 19 May 2023, Former Edo State Governor, Godwin Obaseki swore in Hon. Justice Daniel Iyobosa Okungbowa as Acting Chief Judge of Edo State, following the retirement of Justice Joe Acha. Monday Okpebholo is the current governor of Edo State and was sworn into office on 12 November 2024. His deputy is Dennis Idahosa . The Edo State House of Assembly
6300-605: The Usomege Hills at Apana-Uzairue, Somorika hills in Akoko Edo , where a government-run tourist center at Ososo is set among spectacular scenery. The state produces crude oil, and other mineral resources like limestone and quarry. The state has a cement factory at Okpella and a Flour Mill at Ewu which is moribund. The following are the Mineral Resources found in Edo State Notable tertiary learning institutions in Edo state include: List of Edo State Medical zones and associated local government areas. Federal Highways are Other major roads include Airports: Benin City
6405-407: The Western Region, and its capital was Benin City. It was renamed a province in 1966, and in 1967 when the other provinces were split up into several states, it remained territorially intact, becoming a state. During the Nigerian Civil War , the Biafran forces invaded the new Mid-Western state, en route to Lagos , in an attempt to force a quick end to the war. While under Biafran occupation,
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#17328983412466510-403: The affairs of the LGAs and the traditional institutions in the state; and the Local Government Service Commission of Edo State , which is the commission that regulates and coordinates the service matters of the LGAs in the state. The state government also has the power to create, merge, or dissolve the LGAs, subject to the approval of the state legislature and the ratification of the people through
6615-422: The amalgamation of the former Mid-Western Region and the former Western Region . The state's capital and largest city is Benin City , historically significant as the seat of the ancient Benin Empire . Geographically situated in the South South geopolitical zone, Edo State shares borders with Kogi State to the northeast, Anambra State to the east, Delta State to the southeast and south, and Ondo State to
6720-419: The authorities of the country in question to find out what the requirements are to enter that country. Processing of pardons by the Parole Board of Canada generally takes six months for a summary offence and twelve months for an indictable offence . If the Parole Board proposes to deny the application, it can take 24 months to process. Individuals can apply for a pardon if they were convicted as an adult of
6825-421: The borderlands. Also, Ika speaking communities exist in Igbanke (Ika) in Orhionmwon LGA. Edo State consists of eighteen (18) Local Government Areas . They are: Edo State House Of Assembly Division List 2013, consists of twenty-four (24) divisions: The Judiciary is the third arm of Government in the State, vested with the power to interpret the laws and resolve disputes in both civil and criminal matters in
6930-459: The chancellor or the minister of justice. In early 2007, there was a widespread public discussion about the granting of pardons in Germany after convicted Red Army Faction terrorist Christian Klar , who was serving six consecutive sentences of life imprisonment, filed a petition for pardon. President Horst Köhler ultimately denied his request. Following a court decision, Klar was released on parole in December 2008. For all other (and therefore
7035-404: The circumstances of the defendant or offense warrant relief. In addition to the prerogative of mercy, Australia has passed legislation that creates additional avenues to seek a pardon, exoneration, reduced sentence, or conditional release. The Parole Board of Canada (PBC) is the federal agency responsible for making pardon decisions under the Criminal Records Act (CRA). Under the CRA,
7140-414: The city. Adorned with bronze plaques illustrating the history and culture of the Benin Empire , the palace is a cultural landmark. Additionally, Benin City hosts various festivals and ceremonies, such as the Igue Festival , the Edo Masquerade Festival, and the Coronation of the Oba. Beyond its cultural heritage, Benin City serves as the economic and administrative nucleus of Edo State and Nigeria. It plays
7245-483: The conviction for which an individual received the pardon from the Canadian Police Information Centre (CPIC). Federal agencies cannot give out information about the conviction without approval from the minister of public safety . A pardon does not, however, erase the fact that an individual was convicted of a crime. The criminal record is not erased, but it is kept separate and apart from other (non-pardoned) criminal records. A pardon removes disqualifications caused by
7350-411: The deputy speaker are also members of the Edo State House of Assembly Leadership , which is the governing body of the house and consists of other principal officers, such as the Majority Leader of the Edo State House of Assembly , the Minority Leader of the Edo State House of Assembly , the Chief Whip of the Edo State House of Assembly , and the Clerk of the Edo State House of Assembly . The leadership
7455-400: The epicenter of the ancient Benin Empire, which thrived from the 13th to the 19th century, the city gained acclaim for its collection of artistic treasures, including bronze sculptures, ivory carvings, and terracotta artworks collectively known as the Benin Bronzes . The renowned Oba's Palace, residence of the Oba of Benin , the traditional ruler and spiritual leader of the Edo people , graces
7560-456: The executive and judicial branches. The house of assembly also has the power to initiate, conduct, or request inquiries or investigations on any matter of public interest; to summon any person to appear before it or its committees to give evidence or produce documents; and to make resolutions or recommendations on any matter of public interest. The house of assembly is presided over by the Speaker of
7665-479: The formulation and implementation of the judicial policies and programs; the preparation and approval of the judicial budget; and the regulation and enforcement of the judicial rules and procedures. The judicial service commissions are the Edo State Judicial Service Commission , which is the commission that oversees the affairs of the high court, the magistrates' courts, and the district courts;
7770-417: The frameworks of the Constitution of Nigeria and the Constitution of Edo State , delineating the powers, duties, and functions of state organs and institutions. It also encourages direct participation from the electorate through mechanisms such as initiative , referendum , and ratification . Established on 27 August 1991, Edo State was carved out of the former Bendel State , itself formed in 1976 through
7875-580: The governor and confirmed by the state legislature. The commissioners head the various ministries of the state and are responsible for the administration and management of the state affairs in their respective portfolios. The executive council also includes the Secretary to the State Government , who is the principal administrative officer of the state and the head of the Edo State Civil Service ;
7980-442: The governor serving a four-year term, renewable for a maximum of two terms. The governor assumes the roles of chief executive officer and chief accounting officer of the state, responsible for formulating and implementing state policies, presenting the state budget, making appointments, ensuring public order and security, and coordinating state relations. The governor also holds powers to assent to or veto bills, grant pardons , declare
8085-708: The groups can trace their origin to Benin City, hence their dialects vary with their distance from Benin City. The Edo speaking people occupy seven out of the 18 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the state and constitute 57.54% of the total population. Others are as follows: Esan (17.14%), Etsako (12.19%), Owan (7.43%), and Akoko Edo (5.70%). There are also Igbira speaking communities in Akoko Edo, Itsekiri communities in Ikpoba-Okha, and Ijaw Izons and Urhobos in Ovia North East and South West Local Government Areas, especially in
8190-500: The high court, who are appointed by the governor on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council and confirmed by the state legislature. The high court is divided into several judicial divisions , which are the geographical areas of the state where the high court sits and exercises its jurisdiction. The current chief judge of Edo State is Daniel Okungbowa , who was appointed in 2023. The inferior courts of record of
8295-552: The house resolution or by the speaker's directive to perform specific functions or handle specific matters for the house. The committees are classified into two types: the standing committees , which are permanent and deal with the general subjects or issues of the house, such as the Public Accounts Committee of the Edo State House of Assembly , the Appropriation Committee of the Edo State House of Assembly , and
8400-442: The interests and aspirations of the people of Edo State and Nigeria. Edo State is divided into 18 local government areas (LGAs), which are the third-tier of government in Nigeria, after the federal and state governments. The LGAs are the basic units of administration and development in the state and are responsible for the provision of essential services and amenities to the people within their jurisdictions. The LGAs are governed by
8505-404: The judicial officers of the courts and are appointed by the governor on the advice of the state judicial service commission. The judiciary also has several judicial service commissions , which are the bodies that are responsible for the administration and management of the judicial affairs of the state, such as the appointment, promotion, discipline, and removal of the judicial officers and staff;
8610-553: The legislative branch, embodied by the Edo State House of Assembly. The budget aligns with the state's economic and developmental priorities, incorporating projections of income from diverse sources, including taxes, fees, grants, loans, and oil revenue. For the 2023 fiscal year, the budget of Edo State stands at N320.35 billion, marking a substantial 69.37 per cent increase from the N222 billion allocated in 2022. Governor Godwin Obaseki presented this budget, themed "Making Edo Great Again," to
8715-436: The most often in cases of convicts who had been given the death penalty : from 1965 to 1993 (when the death penalty was formally abolished) death sentences were automatically commuted to life imprisonment under the royal prerogative. Since the transfer, the chief executive of Hong Kong now exercises the power to grant pardons and commute penalties under section 12 of article 48 Basic Law of Hong Kong . "The Chief Executive of
8820-539: The pardon power is referred to as the royal prerogative of mercy , an executive power that is vested in the King and may be exercised by the governor-general . The prerogative of mercy is a broad discretionary power that may be exercised by a state governor who is acting on the advice of the state executive council and the state attorney general. Courts in Australia may also exercise their traditional power to exercise mercy when
8925-446: The people through the periodic elections and the public accounts committee , which is the committee that audits and scrutinises the accounts and expenditure of the LGAs. The LGAs of Edo State are also subject to the supervision and control of the state government, which is exercised by the Ministry of Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs of Edo State , which is the ministry that oversees
9030-504: The power conferred by law on any officer of the Armed Forces of the Union to suspend, remit or commute a sentence passed by a Court Martial. (3) Nothing in sub-clause (c) of clause (1) shall affect the power to suspend remit or commute a sentence of death exercisable by the Governor of a State under any law for the time being in force. Similarly, as per article 161, the governor of a state has
9135-422: The power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the state extends. The president can grant a pardon to a person awarded death sentence; however, the governor of a state does not enjoy this power. The question is whether this power to grant
9240-456: The power to make bye-laws for the good governance of their areas, subject to the conformity with the state and federal laws. The LGAs also have the power to generate revenue from various sources, such as taxes, fees, fines, grants, loans, and allocations from the state and federal governments. The LGAs also have the power to cooperate and collaborate with other LGAs, the state government, the federal government, and other agencies or organisations for
9345-444: The president of the customary court of appeal, respectively, who are the chairpersons of the commissions; and other members, who are appointed by the governor or elected by the judicial officers from among themselves. The budget of Edo State represents the annual financial plan outlining the anticipated revenue and expenditure for the fiscal year. Crafted by the executive branch, led by the governor, it undergoes scrutiny and approval by
9450-556: The president or governors exercising mercy jurisdiction. Nonetheless, the SC in the Epuru Sudhakar case has given a small window for judicial review of the pardon powers of the president and governors for the purpose of ruling out any arbitrariness. The court has earlier held that court has retained the power of judicial review even on a matter which has been vested by the Constitution solely in
9555-539: The promotion of the common interests and welfare of the people. Edo State Edo , officially known as Edo State , is a state in the South-South geopolitical zone of the federal republic of Nigeria . As of 2022, the state was ranked as the 22nd most populous state (4,777,000) in Nigeria. The estimated state population is around 4,777,000 in 2022. Edo State is the 22nd largest State by landmass in Nigeria. The state's capital and largest city, Benin City ,
9660-523: The republic (Art. 47, § 1). The president can pardon, commute or remit punishment imposed by any court, on the proposal of the minister of justice and after receiving the opinion (not the consent necessarily) of the Pardon Committee. Prior to the handover of Hong Kong in 1997, the power of pardon was the royal prerogative of mercy of the monarch of the United Kingdom . This was used and cited
9765-579: The sentence of any person convicted of any offence. The meaning of these terms is as follows: The pardoning powers of the Indian president are elucidated in Art 72 of the Indian Constitution. There are five different types of pardoning which are mandated by law. Article 72 reads: (1) The President shall have the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remission of punishment or to suspend remit or commute
9870-407: The sentence of any persons convicted of any offence- (a) in all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a court martial; (b) in all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the Union extends; (c) in all cases where the sentence is a sentence of death. (2) Nothing in sub- clause (a) of clause (1) shall alter
9975-545: The smallest units of administration and development in the state and are represented by the councillors in the local government councils. The wards are also the electoral constituencies for the local government elections, which are conducted by the Edo State Independent Electoral Commission (EDSIEC). The local government elections are held every four years and are based on the first-past-the-post system. The local government councils are accountable to
10080-460: The southeast and south for 350 km (218 miles), and Ondo State to the west. The modern borders of Edo State encompasses regions that were formerly the site of various empires and kingdoms of the second dynasty formed in the 11th century AD, the Benin Empire . The ancient city of Edo , the site of modern-day Benin City , was home to some of the largest earthworks in the world. In 1897,
10185-792: The state and their major occupation is farming. Languages of Edo State listed by LGA: Christianity and Islam are the major religions practiced in Edo State, although a minority of the population adhere to indigenous religions. The Catholic Church comprises the Archdiocese of Benin City [1] (1884 as Upper Niger) with 84 parishes under Archbishop Augustine Obiora Akubeze [2] (2011) and three suffragan dioceses of Auchi [3] (2002) with 56 parishes under Bishop Gabriel Ghiakhomo Dunia [4] (2002), Issele-Uku [5] (1973) with 94 parishes under Bishop Michael Odogwu Elue [6] (2003), and Uromi [7] (2005) with 18 parishes under Bishop Donatus Aihmiosion Ogun [8] (2014). The Anglican Province of Bendel (2002) in
10290-539: The state are the Edo State Magistrates' Courts , which are the courts that have jurisdiction over the summary civil and criminal cases and appeals; and the Edo State District Courts , which are the courts that have jurisdiction over the minor civil and criminal cases and appeals. The magistrates' courts and the district courts consist of the magistrates and the district judges , respectively, who are
10395-696: The state communities affected by oil and gas exploration and exploitation; the Edo State Geographic Information Service , which is responsible for the management and administration of the state land and property; the Edo State Investment Promotion Office , which is responsible for the promotion and facilitation of the state investment opportunities and potentials; and the Edo State Information Communication Technology Agency , which
10500-556: The state government. The current speaker of the Edo State House of Assembly is Blessing Agbebaku , who was elected in 2023 and represents the Owan West constituency on the platform of the PDP. The current deputy speaker is Maria Edeko , who was also elected in 2023 and represents the Esan North-East II constituency on the platform of the PDP. The judicial branch of the state government
10605-506: The state laws or the common law. The high court also has appellate jurisdiction over the decisions of the inferior courts of record and the Customary courts of Edo State , which are the courts that apply the customary law of the state. The high court consists of the Chief Judge of Edo State , who is the head of the state judiciary and the presiding judge of the high court; and other judges of
10710-503: The state was declared as the " Republic of Benin " as Nigerian forces were to retake the region. The republic collapsed a day after the declaration as Nigerian troops overtook Benin City. Edo State was established on 27 August 1991 when Bendel State was split into Edo and Delta States . The Edo people political organization is expressed in a three-tier age group system that cuts across kin groups and make age, rather than line-age affiliation, with criterion of authority. Benin city itself
10815-631: The state. Some of these agencies are the Edo State Internal Revenue Service , which is responsible for the assessment and collection of the state taxes and revenues; the Edo State Waste Management Board , which is responsible for the management and disposal of the state solid and liquid wastes; the Edo State Oil and Gas Producing Areas Development Commission , which is responsible for the development and empowerment of
10920-411: The vast majority of) convicts, pardons are in the jurisdiction of the states . In some states it is granted by the respective cabinet, but in most states the state constitution vests the authority in the state prime minister. As on the federal level, the authority may be transferred. Amnesty can be granted only by federal law. The Constitution of Greece grants the power of pardon to the president of
11025-613: The west. Covering an area of 19,559 square kilometres (7,552 sq mi), the state had a population of 4.8 million as of 2022. Edo State boasts ethnic diversity, with the Edo people (or Bini) forming the largest group, followed by the Esan people , the Owan people, the Etsako people , and other smaller groups. The primary language is Edo language , with English serving as the official language. Major religions include Christianity , followed by Islam and traditional religions . Referred to as
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