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78-458: The oven comes with packets of cake mix and small round pans. Additional mixes can be purchased separately. After water is added to the mix in the pan, it is pushed into the oven through a slot. After cooking, the cake is pushed out through a slot in the other end. Miniature stoves and ovens had existed in the late 19th to early 20th century, with many being copies of full-size stoves. To appeal to girls, toy train-maker Lionel Corporation released

156-503: A microwave oven . A one-of-a-kind model was presented to the winner of the 5,000,000th Easy-Bake Oven Sweepstakes in 1972. Kenner licensed the Easy-Bake Oven to international markets. Japan represented a significant opportunity for Kenner. The toy oven was licensed to Nakajima Corporation, which sold its version as Margaret's Cooking Oven. After Kenner became a division of Hasbro, which then closed it down, Hasbro continued to produce

234-522: A student–teacher ratio of 14.0:1. The Garfield Police Department (GPD) provides emergency and protective services to the city of Garfield. The GPD consists of 66 sworn officers. The Garfield Fire Department (GFD) is a fully volunteer fire department . The GFD was organized on July 17, 1893. The department is staffed by 150 fully trained firefighters operating out of five firehouses. The department has three engine companies, one rescue engine company and one ladder(tiller) company. In addition they have

312-452: A cake-bread mix to deal with this economic situation and thereby established the first line of cake in a box. In doing so, cake, as it is known today, became a mass-produced good rather than a home- or bakery-made specialty. Later, during the post-war boom , other American companies (notably General Mills ) developed this idea further, marketing cake mix on the principle of convenience, especially to housewives. When sales dropped heavily in

390-544: A fiancée for her betrothed. The cake has been described as "somewhere between a firm sponge – with a greater proportion of flour to fat and eggs than a Victoria sponge cake – and a shortbread base and was proof of the bride-to-be's baking skills". Traditionally it is a two-layer cake filled and topped with strawberries or raspberries and whipped cream. Cakes are frequently described according to their physical form. Cakes may be small and intended for individual consumption. Larger cakes may be made to be sliced and served as part of

468-454: A hazard if consumed. Garfield, New Jersey Garfield is a city in Bergen County in the U.S. state of New Jersey . As of the 2020 United States census , the city's population was 32,655, an increase of 2,168 (+7.1%) from the 2010 census count of 30,487, which in turn reflected an increase of 701 (+2.4%) from the 29,786 counted in the 2000 census . Long the home of

546-599: A hazardous materials unit, a water rescue boat and a foam tender. As of May 2010 , the city had a total of 49.24 miles (79.24 km) of roadways, of which 42.67 miles (68.67 km) were maintained by the municipality, 6.44 miles (10.36 km) by Bergen County and 0.13 miles (0.21 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation . U.S. Route 46 and County Route 507 pass through Garfield. Other main roads include Midland Avenue, Outwater Lane, River Drive and Passaic Street. There are five crossings of

624-500: A leavening agent, while others use baking soda or baking powder. These cakes often have a crumb topping called streusel or a light glaze drizzle. Baked flourless cakes include clementine cakes , baked cheesecakes , and flourless chocolate cakes . Layer cakes are cakes made with layers of sponge or butter cake filled with cream, jam, or other filling to hold the layers together. One-egg cakes are made with one egg. They can be made with butter or vegetable shortening. One egg cake

702-518: A less sweet version, known as almond paste ), fondant icing (also known as sugar paste), and buttercream are used as covering icings and to create decorations. Floral sugarcraft or wired sugar flowers are an important part of cake decoration. Cakes for special occasions, such as wedding cakes, are traditionally rich fruit cakes or occasionally Madeira cakes , that are covered with marzipan and iced using royal icing or sugar-paste. They are finished with piped borders (made with royal icing) and adorned with

780-441: A meal or social function. Common shapes include: Special cake flour with a high starch-to-gluten ratio is made from fine-textured, soft, low-protein wheat. It is strongly bleached and compared to all-purpose flour, cake flour tends to result in cakes with a lighter, less dense texture. Therefore, it is frequently specified or preferred in cakes meant to be soft, light or bright white, such as angel food cake . However, if cake flour

858-797: A piped message, wired sugar flowers, hand-formed fondant flowers, marzipan fruit, piped flowers, or crystallized fruits or flowers such as grapes or violets . The shelf life of cakes packages for commercial sale depends on several factors. Cakes are intermediate moisture products prone to mold growth. Commercial cakes are frequently and commonly exposed to different mold varieties before they are packaged for sale, including Aspergillus flavus and various penicillins , and Aspergillus niger . Preservatives and oxygen absorbents are currently used to control and inhibit mold growth. The CDC has recommended not to eat raw cake batter because it can contain pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli . Cake batter uses raw flour which can contain live bacteria and present

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936-489: A protein matrix (generally beaten eggs) to provide leavening , sometimes with a bit of baking powder or other chemical leaven added. Egg-leavened sponge cakes are thought to be the oldest cakes made without yeast. Angel food cake is a white cake that uses only the whites of the eggs and is traditionally baked in a tube pan. The French Génoise is a sponge cake that includes clarified butter . Highly decorated sponge cakes with lavish toppings are sometimes called gateau ,

1014-413: A rolled fondant icing . Commercial bakeries tend to use lard for the fat, and often whip the lard to introduce air bubbles. This makes the icing light and spreadable. Home bakers either use lard, butter, margarine , or some combination thereof. Sprinkles are small firm pieces of sugar and oils that are colored with food coloring . In the late 20th century, new cake decorating products became available to

1092-795: A solution to the cake mix problem in the frosting . Since making the cake was so simple, housewives and other in-home cake makers could expend their creative energy on cake decorating inspired by, among other things, photographs in magazines of elaborately decorated cakes. Ever since boxed cake mix has become a staple of supermarkets, it is often complemented with frosting in a can. Cakes are broadly divided into several categories, based primarily on ingredients and mixing techniques. There are about hundreds of different types of cakes, but there are two broad categories, that culinary divide them into: shortened, and unshorted cakes. Unshortened cakes contain no fat while shortened cakes do. These types may be combined in baking. Although clear examples of

1170-988: A staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election each November; a Chairman and Vice Chairman are selected from among its seven members at a reorganization meeting held every January. As of 2024 , the county executive is James J. Tedesco III ( D , Paramus ), whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026. Bergen County's Commissioners are: Thomas J. Sullivan Jr. (D, Montvale , 2025), Chair Germaine M. Ortiz (D, Emerson , 2025), Joan Voss (D, Fort Lee , 2026), Vice Chair Mary J. Amoroso (D, Mahwah , 2025), Rafael Marte (D, Bergenfield , 2026), Steven A. Tanelli (D, North Arlington , 2024) and Tracy Silna Zur (D, Franklin Lakes , 2024). Bergen County's constitutional officials are: Clerk John S. Hogan (D, Northvale , 2026), Sheriff Anthony Cureton (D, Englewood , 2024) and Surrogate Michael R. Dressler (D, Cresskill , 2026). As of March 2011, there were

1248-589: A total of 11,904 registered voters in Garfield, of which 3,958 (33.2% vs. 31.7% countywide) were registered as Democrats , 1,395 (11.7% vs. 21.1%) were registered as Republicans and 6,541 (54.9% vs. 47.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated . There were 10 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens . Among the city's 2010 Census population, 39.0% (vs. 57.1% in Bergen County) were registered to vote, including 50.9% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 73.7% countywide). In

1326-603: A toy stove with two electric burners and a working oven in 1930. During the 1950s, various toy ovens with fiberglass insulation were marketed to families with children. The Easy-Bake Oven was introduced in 1963 by Kenner Products , a Cincinnati , Ohio -based toy company. The idea for the Easy Bake Oven came from Norman Shapiro, Kenner's sales manager in New York . He was inspired by the ovens that New York street vendors used to bake pretzels , and suggested to Kenner executives that

1404-415: A turnout of 66.2% (vs. 76.8% in Bergen County). In the 2004 presidential election , Democrat John Kerry received 4,804 votes (57.8% vs. 51.7% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 3,394 votes (40.9% vs. 47.2%) and other candidates with 66 votes (0.8% vs. 0.7%), among the 8,305 ballots cast by the city's 12,665 registered voters, for a turnout of 65.6% (vs. 76.9% in the whole county). In

1482-419: Is called for, a substitute can be made by replacing a small percentage of all-purpose flour with cornstarch or removing two tablespoons from each cup of all-purpose flour. Some recipes explicitly specify or permit all-purpose flour, notably where a firmer or denser cake texture is desired. A cake can fail to bake properly, which is called "falling". In a cake that "falls", parts may sink or flatten, because it

1560-567: Is located in the 9th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 35th state legislative district. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 9th congressional district was represented by Bill Pascrell ( D , Paterson ) until his death in August 2024. New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). For

1638-472: Is no longer a complicated procedure; while at one time considerable labor went into cake making (particularly the whisking of egg foams), baking equipment and directions have been simplified so that even the most amateur of cooks may bake a cake. The term "cake" has a long history. The word itself is of Viking origin, from the Old Norse word "kaka". The ancient Greeks called cake πλακοῦς ( plakous ), which

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1716-521: Is often enhanced by covering it with icing , or frosting, and toppings such as sprinkles , which are also known as "jimmies" in certain parts of the United States and "hundreds and thousands" in the United Kingdom. The frosting is usually made from powdered (icing) sugar, sometimes a fat of some sort, milk or cream, and often flavorings such as a vanilla extract or cocoa powder . Some decorators use

1794-411: Is sometimes colored. Using different piping tips and various techniques, a cake decorator can make many different designs. Basic decorating tips include open star, closed star, basketweave, round, drop flower, leaf, multi, petal, and specialty tips. An embossing mat is used to create embossed effects. A cake turntable that cakes are spun upon may be used in cake decoration. Royal icing , marzipan (or

1872-595: Is usually baked . In their oldest forms, cakes were modifications of bread , but cakes now cover a wide range of preparations that can be simple or elaborate and which share features with desserts such as pastries , meringues , custards , and pies . The most common ingredients include flour, sugar, eggs, fat (such as butter , oil , or margarine ), a liquid, and a leavening agent , such as baking soda or baking powder . Common additional ingredients include dried , candied , or fresh fruit, nuts , cocoa , and extracts such as vanilla, with numerous substitutions for

1950-425: The 1923 Municipal Manager Law of New Jersey municipal government, with a governing body comprised of a five-member Council, who appoint a City Manager. Council members are elected at-large in non-partisan elections to serve four-year terms on a concurrent basis. The city is one of seven municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government. In November 2015, following a referendum that supported

2028-545: The 2000 United States census there were 29,786 people, 11,250 households, and 7,425 families residing in the city. The population density was 13,976.0 inhabitants per square mile (5,396.2/km ). There were 11,698 housing units at an average density of 5,488.8 per square mile (2,119.2/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 82.11% White , 2.98% African American , 0.33% Native American , 2.69% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 8.10% from other races , and 3.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.11% of

2106-634: The 2013 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 50.4% of the vote (1,960 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 48.0% (1,865 votes), and other candidates with 1.6% (63 votes), among the 3,960 ballots cast by the city's 12,609 registered voters (72 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 31.4%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election , Democrat Jon Corzine received 2,428 ballots cast (54.1% vs. 48.0% countywide), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 1,796 votes (40.0% vs. 45.8%), Independent Chris Daggett with 203 votes (4.5% vs. 4.7%) and other candidates with 27 votes (0.6% vs. 0.5%), among

2184-596: The 2016 presidential election , Democrat Hillary Clinton received 5,477 votes (57.3% vs. 54.2% countywide), ahead of Republican Donald Trump with 3,782 votes (39.6% vs. 41.1%) and other candidates with 299 votes (3.1% vs. 4.6%), among the 9,690 ballots cast by the city's 14,816 registered voters, for a turnout of 65.4% (vs. 72.5% in Bergen County). In the 2012 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 5,538 votes (67.1% vs. 54.8% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 2,540 votes (30.8% vs. 43.5%) and other candidates with 96 votes (1.2% vs. 0.9%), among

2262-692: The 2024-2025 session , the 35th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Nellie Pou ( D , North Haledon ) and in the General Assembly by Shavonda E. Sumter (D, Paterson ) and Benjie Wimberly (D, Paterson). Bergen County is governed by a directly elected County Executive , with legislative functions performed by a Board of County Commissioners composed of seven members who are elected at-large to three-year terms in partisan elections on

2340-561: The Consumer Product Safety Commission issued a voluntary recall of the oven and advised parents to stop using the oven with children under the age of 8 and contact the company for a free retrofit kit. The kit was approved by the CPSC and consisted of a plastic grate that fit over the existing oven door. The grate allowed the oven to function as designed, but it now provided an additional barrier to keep small fingers out. Despite

2418-607: The Lenape , Native Americans , European settlement in the area that would become Garfield dates back to 1679, when Jacques Cortelyou acquired more than 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) of land surrounding the Passaic River known as "Acqueyquinonke", that ran from the Saddle River to present day Glen Rock . When the area that is now Garfield was first developed in 1873 with an initial group of seven homes constructed by Gilbert D. Bogart, it

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2496-739: The National Center for Education Statistics ) are Garfield Early Childhood Learning Center (178 students; in Pre-K), Garfield Public Preschool Annex (95; Pre-K), Garfield Public Preschool Annex 3 (159; Pre-K), Washington Irving School #4 (382; K–5), Woodrow Wilson School #5 (280; K–5), Abraham Lincoln Elementary School #6 (365; Pre-K–5), Theodore Roosevelt School #7 (273; K–5), Christopher Columbus School #8 (306; K–5), Thomas Jefferson School #9 (295; K–5), James Madison School #10 (245; K–5), Garfield Middle School (989; 6–8) and Garfield High School (1,159; 9–12). Public school students from

2574-495: The 1950s, marketers discovered that baking cakes, once a task at which housewives could exercise skill and creativity, had become dispiriting. This was a period in American ideological history when women, retired from the war-time labor force, were confined to the domestic sphere while still exposed to the blossoming consumerism in the US. This inspired psychologist Ernest Dichter to find

2652-615: The 2011–2015 American Community Survey , the city had a median age of 35.4, the lowest median age in the county. Garfield was one of four municipalities with a median age below the national and state average of 37.6, and well below the median age of 41.5 in Bergen County. The borough is also home to the architecturally prominent Russian Orthodox Church of Three Saints, which serves the growing Ukrainian American community in western Bergen County. The 2010 United States census counted 30,487 people, 11,073 households, and 7,718 families in

2730-544: The 4,490 ballots cast by the city's 12,282 registered voters, yielding a 36.6% turnout (vs. 50.0% in the county). The Garfield Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade . The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide that were established pursuant to the decision by the New Jersey Supreme Court in Abbott v. Burke which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on

2808-421: The 8,256 ballots cast by the city's 13,183 registered voters, for a turnout of 62.6% (vs. 70.4% in Bergen County). In the 2008 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 5,138 votes (59.7% vs. 53.9% countywide), ahead of Republican John McCain with 3,315 votes (38.5% vs. 44.5%) and other candidates with 68 votes (0.8% vs. 0.8%), among the 8,613 ballots cast by the city's 13,013 registered voters, for

2886-460: The Easy-Bake was released, with a stove-top warmer and a heating element. Like Hasbro's first version, it had smaller pans, and it could only bake one pan at a time. But the new front-loading Hasbro design, a substantial departure from the traditional push-through arrangement, was ill-conceived, as all (approximately 985,000) such units were recalled over safety concerns and reported injuries. The oven

2964-460: The French word for cake. Chiffon cakes are sponge cakes with vegetable oil, which adds moistness. Chocolate cakes are butter cakes, sponge cakes, or other cakes flavored with melted chocolate or cocoa powder . German chocolate cake is a variety of chocolate cake. Coffee cake is generally thought of as a cake to serve with coffee or tea at breakfast or a coffee break . Some types use yeast as

3042-469: The Gooney Bird as part of its marketing efforts. The new corporate mascot was primarily used as part of the company logo, appearing on most product packaging along with the company slogan, "It's Kenner, It's Fun!". The bird was also used in trade publications and advertisements with the tagline, "This bird means business!". In 1968, Kenner approached Muppet creator Jim Henson to create a Muppet version of

3120-518: The Gooney Bird. The bird appeared in Easy-Bake Oven commercials with child actress Barbara Price. The Gooney Bird became so popular that Henson refurbished the character as Little Bird, Big Bird 's smaller counterpart, in early seasons of Sesame Street . After a release of a new model in May 2006, Hasbro received reports of 29 children getting their hands or fingers caught in the front-loading door, including 5 reports of burns. In February 2007, Hasbro and

3198-710: The Lower Passaic River . Both the Garfield station and the Plauderville station , located on the Saddle Brook border, are served by NJ Transit 's Bergen County Line , providing service to Hoboken Terminal , with transfers available at Secaucus Junction to Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan and to most of NJ Transit's other train lines. NJ Transit buses serving Garfield include routes 160 and 161 serving

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3276-406: The average family size was 3.26. In the city the age distribution of the population shows 22.4% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.0 males. The median income for a household in

3354-452: The basic bread dough was sometimes enriched with butter, eggs, and honey, which produced a sweet and cake-like baked good. The Latin poet Ovid refers to his and his brother's birthday party and cake in his first book of exile, Tristia . Early cakes in England were also essentially bread: the most obvious differences between a "cake" and "bread" were the round, flat shape of the cakes and

3432-524: The city council appointed Alejandina Banch to fill the council seat that had been held by Erin Nora Delaney until she stepped down to take office as the city manager / clerk, succeeding Thomas Duch , who had been appointed as the administrator of Bergen County . Banch served on an interim basis until the November 2021 general election, when she was elected to serve the balance of the term of office. Garfield

3510-624: The city was $ 42,748, and the median income for a family was $ 51,654. Males had a median income of $ 35,987 versus $ 26,896 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 19,530. About 6.4% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 9.1% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2000 Census, an adjusted 22.9% of Garfield's population reported Polish ancestry, ranked third highest in New Jersey behind Manville (23.1%) and neighboring Wallington (45.5%). The City of Garfield operates under

3588-698: The city, and all of Bergen County, are eligible to attend the secondary education programs offered by the Bergen County Technical Schools , which include the Bergen County Academies in Hackensack , and the Bergen Tech campus in Teterboro or Paramus . The district offers programs on a shared-time or full-time basis, with admission based on a selective application process and tuition covered by

3666-477: The city. The population density was 14,524.8 per square mile (5,608.1/km ). There were 11,788 housing units at an average density of 5,616.1 per square mile (2,168.4/km ). The racial makeup was 76.73% (23,393) White , 6.50% (1,981) Black or African American , 0.43% (132) Native American , 2.22% (678) Asian , 0.01% (2) Pacific Islander , 10.85% (3,307) from other races , and 3.26% (994) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.24% (9,830) of

3744-570: The company make a toy version of the appliance. Spearheaded by research and development vice-president James Kuhn, with major contributions from Ronald Howes , the Kenner team iterated on the idea. The original Kenner Easy-Bake Oven was heated by two 100-watt incandescent light bulbs, one above the food tray and one below. The idea was that the cake would bake more quickly and evenly if heated from both sides. Later models used only one bulb, leveraging convection from better interior heating dynamics to achieve

3822-584: The cooking method, which turned cakes over once while cooking, while bread was left upright throughout the baking process. Sponge cakes , leavened with beaten eggs, originated during the Renaissance , possibly in Spain . During the Great Depression , there was a surplus of molasses and the need to provide easily made food to millions of economically depressed people in the United States. One company patented

3900-430: The difference between cake and bread are easy to find, the precise classification has always been elusive. Butter cakes are made from creamed butter, sugar, eggs, and flour. They rely on the combination of butter and sugar beaten for an extended time to incorporate air into the batter. A classic pound cake is made with a pound each of butter, sugar, eggs, and flour. Another type of butter cake that takes its name from

3978-481: The man who will lead this great country to prosperity." Seven months later, President Garfield was assassinated but his name remained with the community. The second theory holds that after Garfield's death in 1881, a new train station was named in his honor, which in turn led to the surrounding area becoming associated with his name as well. Garfield was originally incorporated as a borough on March 15, 1898, from portions of Saddle River Township and Wallington . At

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4056-522: The midst of queries and complaints over versions not being offered for male children. The Real Meal pans were larger than the Easy Bake ones, and it could bake both desserts and main courses. This model featured a heating element and did not require a light bulb. In 2002, Hasbro released the Queasy Bake Cookerator , a variant on the Easy-Bake targeted at young boys. In 2006, a different version of

4134-479: The move by a 3-1 margin, the City Council voted to shift the city's municipal elections from May to November, citing hopes for greater voter participation and potential savings of $ 50,000 for each election; the shift result in the extension of terms for the then-serving council and municipal manager by six months, to the end of December 2016. The most recent municipal election was held on November 8, 2016, together with

4212-471: The occasion for which they are intended. For example, wedding cakes , birthday cakes , cakes for first communion , Christmas cakes, Halloween cakes, and Passover plava (a type of sponge cake sometimes made with matzo meal) are all identified primarily according to the celebration they are intended to accompany. The cutting of a wedding cake constitutes a social ceremony in some cultures. The Ancient Roman marriage ritual of confarreatio originated in

4290-595: The oven. The Easy-Bake Oven and Snack Center was introduced in 1993. A decade after the Easy-Bake Oven and Snack Center was introduced, the Real Meal Oven was released. This oven was different from the others in being able to cook larger portions, and two of them at once, using two pans at the same time. It won the 2003 Best Toy Parenting magazine Toy of the Year Award. The neutral colors were more accepted across gender lines, and were favored by parents, particularly in

4368-432: The population were under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 30.9% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.5 years. For every 100 females, the population had 91.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 89.0 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income

4446-410: The population. There were 11,250 households, out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.5% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and

4524-419: The population. Of the 11,073 households, 33.4% had children under the age of 18; 45.2% were married couples living together; 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present and 30.3% were non-families. Of all households, 24.7% were made up of individuals and 9.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.29. 23.3% of

4602-546: The premiere of a version of the Easy-Bake Oven in black and silver after executives met with McKenna Pope, a girl from Garfield, New Jersey , who had started a Change.org petition asking the toy maker to offer the product in gender-neutral packaging. The prototype Easy-Bake Oven was also made available in blue. The redesigned product was slated to be unveiled in February 2013, at the New York Toy Fair. In 1962, Kenner created

4680-786: The presidential election. At a reorganization meeting held after each election, the Council selects one of its members to be the Mayor and another to serve as Deputy Mayor. The day-to-day operation of the city is carried out under the supervision of the appointed department heads, who report to the City Manager. As of 2024 , members of the Garfield City Council are Mayor Richard Rigoglioso, Deputy Mayor Joseph Delaney, Alejandina Banch, Romi Herrera and Pawel Maslag, all serving concurrent terms of office that end December 31, 2024. In July 2021,

4758-522: The primary ingredients. Cakes can also be filled with fruit preserves , nuts, or dessert sauces (like custard , jelly , cooked fruit , whipped cream , or syrups ), iced with buttercream or other icings , and decorated with marzipan , piped borders, or candied fruit. Cake is often served as a celebratory dish on ceremonial occasions, such as weddings, anniversaries , and birthdays. There are countless cake recipes; some are bread-like, some are rich and elaborate, and many are centuries old. Cake making

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4836-630: The proportion of ingredients used is 1-2-3-4 cake : 1 cup butter, 2 cups sugar, 3 cups flour, and 4 eggs. According to Beth Tartan, this cake was one of the most common among the American pioneers who settled North Carolina. Baking powder is in many butter cakes, such as Victoria sponge . The ingredients are sometimes mixed without creaming the butter, using recipes for simple and quick cakes. Sponge cakes (or foam cakes) are made from whipped eggs, sugar, and flour. Traditional sponge cakes are leavened only with eggs. They rely primarily on trapped air in

4914-419: The public. These include several specialized sprinkles and even methods to print pictures and transfer the image onto a cake. Special tools are needed for more complex cake decorating , such as piping bags and various piping tips, syringes and embossing mats . To use a piping bag or syringe, a piping tip is attached to the bag or syringe using a coupler. The bag or syringe is partially filled with icing which

4992-410: The recall, leaving more than 25 million side-entry/light bulb models in circulation unaffected. National Easy-Bake Oven Day is observed annually on November 4, the day in which the toy oven was originally released in 1963. The National Day was established in 2017 by author and toy historian Todd Coopee. Cake Cake is a flour confection made from flour , sugar, and other ingredients and

5070-527: The requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority . As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of 12 schools, had an enrollment of 4,713 students and 438.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.8:1. Schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from

5148-494: The retrofit program, the problems persisted. According to data from the CPSC, an additional 249 reported incidents included 77 burns, 16 of which were second- or third-degree in nature. On July 19, 2007, Hasbro re-issued its voluntary recall of the Easy-Bake after learning that part of a five-year-old girl's finger had to be amputated because of a severe burn. The recall affected 985,000 ovens that had been sold between May 2006 and July 2007. Ovens sold prior to May 2006 were not part of

5226-426: The same results. The original oven came in a pale yellow or turquoise, and was designed to resemble a conventional oven. The design changed many times over the years. An updated "Premier" model, available in avocado green (common shade for kitchen appliances at the time, now almost a cultural cliché) or red, was released in 1969, followed by a "Mod" model in yellow or light green in 1971. A more recent model resembled

5304-418: The sharing of a cake. Particular types of cake may be associated with particular festivals, such as stollen or chocolate log (at Christmas), babka and simnel cake (at Easter), or mooncake . There has been a long tradition of decorating an iced cake at Christmas time; other cakes associated with Christmas include chocolate log and mince pies . A Lancashire Courting Cake is a fruit-filled cake baked by

5382-453: The site of groundwater contaminated hexavalent chromium from a spill in 1983 at the E.C. Electroplating Corporation site . In 2016, the EPA announced a $ 37 million project to cleanup contamination at the site using Superfund money, as the company responsible for the spill of 3,600 US gallons (14,000 L; 3,000 imp gal) of chromic acid is no longer in business. Based on data from

5460-588: The student's home school district. Bergen Arts and Science Charter School , which opened in September 2006, serves public school students in the district, as well as those from Hackensack and Lodi . The elementary (grades K–3) and middle (4–8) school facilities are located in Garfield, while the high school (9–12) is in Hackensack. As of the 2018–19 school year, the charter school had an enrollment of 1,163 students and 83.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for

5538-644: The time, the New Jersey Legislature set Garfield's boundaries as they exist today. On April 19, 1917, the borough became the City of Garfield, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city had a total area of 2.19 square miles (5.67 km ), including 2.11 square miles (5.47 km ) of land and 0.08 square miles (0.21 km ) of water (3.65%). Unincorporated communities , localities and place names located partially or completely within

5616-515: The township include Belmont, Bogart Heights, Dundee Dam and Plauderville. The city has land borders with adjacent Elmwood Park , Lodi , Saddle Brook and South Hackensack . The Saddle River is a shared border with Wallington . There are three bridges over the Passaic River crossing the municipal and county line to Passaic and Clifton in Passaic County . The United States Environmental Protection Agency has identified Garfield as

5694-476: Was $ 51,407 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 1,842) and the median family income was $ 56,701 (+/− $ 5,020). Males had a median income of $ 42,927 (+/− $ 1,953) versus $ 33,231 (+/− $ 3,471) for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 24,022 (+/− $ 1,348). About 9.8% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 23.0% of those under age 18 and 16.2% of ages 65 years or over. Same-sex couples headed 68 households in 2010. As of

5772-505: Was an economical recipe when using two eggs for each cake was too costly. Although clear examples of the difference between cake and bread are easy to find, the precise classification has always been elusive. For example, banana bread may be properly considered either a quick bread or a cake. Yeast cakes are the oldest and are very similar to yeast bread. Such cakes are often very traditional in form and include such pastries as babka and stollen . Cakes may be classified according to

5850-409: Was baked at a temperature that is too low or too hot, when it has been underbaked and when placed in an oven that is too hot at the beginning of the baking process. The use of excessive amounts of sugar, flour, fat or leavening can also cause a cake to fall. A cake can also fall when subjected to cool air that enters an oven when the oven door is opened during the cooking process. A finished cake

5928-593: Was derived from the word for "flat", πλακόεις ( plakoeis ). It was baked using flour mixed with eggs, milk, nuts, and honey. They also had a cake called "satura", which was a flat, heavy cake. During the Roman period, the name for cake became "placenta", which was derived from the Greek term. A placenta was baked on a pastry base or inside a pastry case. The Greeks invented beer as a leavener , frying fritters in olive oil , and cheesecakes using goat's milk . In ancient Rome ,

6006-752: Was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame in 2006. In 2011, the last version to use a 100-watt incandescent light bulb was replaced by a new version with a dedicated heating element, named the Easy-Bake Ultimate Oven. The replacement was due to the availability of alternatives to the incandescent light bulbs that heated previous versions of the Easy-Bake Oven. It was feared that newer lamp requirements would render all models that used light bulbs as their heating elements obsolete because lamps would no longer be available. (The company never provided initial or replacement bulbs.) In 2012, Hasbro announced

6084-480: Was known as East Passaic. In 1881, the community's name was changed to Garfield in honor of President of the United States James Garfield . There are two explanations given for the circumstances behind the renaming. According to one, shortly after Garfield was elected to the presidency the founder of East Passaic said, "tell everyone...don't speak of East Passaic anymore; call it 'Garfield' after

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