43-705: The Eastern Southland Gallery is a major provincial art gallery in Gore , New Zealand. The gallery is housed in the town's former Carnegie library building, which was built in 1909. Though principally a provincial gallery, the Eastern Southland Gallery is important due to two of its major permanent exhibits, the Ralph Hotere Gallery and the John Money Collection. The gallery also hosts regular shows in two separate wings. The Eastern Southland Gallery
86-407: A 9 km gap of line unused, although the tracks were still in place and closure of most of the line came on 1 April 1971. A number of excursion trains ran on the line in its final weeks. Demolition of the line from Balfour back to Gore began in the later part of 1971. Although there were proposals to retain the line from Gore to Mandeville as an industrial siding to serve a proposed freezing works in
129-508: A category 2 historic place by Heritage New Zealand , No longer used as a place of worship the building is currently being converted into an art centre, with a studio and flat for visiting artists. The latter houses the bedroom furniture from the Royal Suite commissioned for the Queen's Royal Tour to Southland in 1954. The Hokonui Moonshine Museum in the heritage precinct celebrates Gore's part in
172-670: A nickname of "Chicago of the South". By 1905, the population had increased to 2,354, compared with 1,618 in 1891. The establishment of the Gore Electric Light & Power Syndicate led in 1894 to Gore becoming the third town in New Zealand to install a generator and provide a public electricity supply. From the end of the Second World War until 1976, Gore enjoyed prosperity driven by record prices for agricultural produce which saw
215-404: A reputation as a centre for the visual arts in the southern South Island. A major bequest to the town's Eastern Southland Art Gallery by Dr. John Money has left the institution with one of the country's best collections of ethnological art. This is partnered by an impressive collection of modern New Zealand work, including several notable pieces by Ralph Hotere . The Flemings "Creamoata Mill"
258-409: A resident population of 8,290 as of June 2024. Gore is known for its country music scene and hosts an annual country music festival. The town is also surrounded by farmland and is an important centre for agriculture in the region. The town of Gore is located on State Highway 1 , 64 kilometres northeast of Invercargill and 70 km west of Balclutha – Dunedin and Invercargill are
301-471: A sex ratio of 0.93 males per female, with 1,389 people (17.6%) aged under 15 years, 1,314 (16.6%) aged 15 to 29, 3,324 (42.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,884 (23.8%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 90.4% European/ Pākehā , 11.7% Māori , 0.9% Pasifika , 2.6% Asian , and 1.5% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas was 8.8, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer
344-457: A tourist service now replicates this on 14 kilometres of track between Kingston and Fairlight on the Kingston Branch. Although the preserved Kingston Flyer uses two A class locomotives, the initial Flyers used K and V class engines. Passenger numbers declined in 1937 when regular services were withdrawn on the Kingston Branch north of Lumsden, and although the possibility of railcars
387-502: Is There are four primary schools in Gore, each serving years 1 to 6. All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of August 2024. Gore is well known for its connection with Country and Western music , with the annual New Zealand country music awards having been held in the town for 36 years. It has a sister city relationship with Tamworth, New South Wales , the "Country Music Capital of Australia ". Recently Gore has also gained
430-412: Is a substantial collection of artworks, most of which are either ethnological artefacts or modern art drawing on tribal art for its inspiration (including several notable works by Theo Schoon ). It has been housed in a specially-built extension to the gallery since December 2003. The collection was the passion of noted sexologist John Money , who donated much of his collection to the gallery in 2003, and
473-471: Is an iconic local building, with Flemings "Creamoata" brand of porridge once promoted by Flemings as the National Breakfast, and the mill itself considered one of the most modern cereal mills in the southern hemisphere. Production of all products was moved to Australia in 2001, and Creamoata was discontinued in 2008 after declining sales. Goodman Fielder claimed that the plant was no longer viable as it
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#1732876129379516-760: Is situated on the eastern edge of the Hokonui Hills , and many of its surrounding farmlands are located within foothills. The Main South Line railway from Christchurch to Invercargill runs through the town, though passenger services ceased in 2002 with the cancellation of the Southerner. Gore was once a busy railway junction; the Waimea Plains Railway ran west to connect with the Kingston Branch in Lumsden , while
559-678: The "...colourful history of illicit whiskey making and consumption..." , with illicit whiskey being produced in the Hokonui Hills to the west of the town up until the 1930s. The St James Theatre on Irk Street is a theatre and cinema, with a main auditorium seating 450 people and a smaller room for 78. It announced in June 2021 that it was in danger of closing if it could not raise money for earthquake strengthening and other renovations. 46°05′57″S 168°56′47″E / 46.09917°S 168.94639°E / -46.09917; 168.94639 Waimea Plains Railway The Waimea Plains Railway
602-653: The Lake Wakatipu district. At the time, construction of the Otago Central Railway had barely begun and the only other way to reach the region by rail – the most efficient form of transport in the days before modern road transport – involved a detour south via Invercargill . The Waimea Plains Railway Company was formed in 1878 in New Zealand under the District Railways Act of 1877, and began construction on 11 January 1879. The easy terrain meant construction
645-638: The Liberal Party , provided that Stout left politics. After some disputes with the government over ownership and distribution of profits, the government acquired the line under the District Railways Act in 1886 and integrated it in the New Zealand Railways Department on 13 November 1886, according to New Zealand Railways Geographical Mileage Table (1957) and the An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand (1966). (David Leitch and Brian Scott give
688-525: The Long Depression and traffic justified trains only three days a week. As the Kingston Branch ran on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, the Waimea Plains Railway ran on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. When the national economy improved in the 1890s, so did services on the line, and a passenger express ran from Kingston to Gore three days a week; this became known as the " Kingston Flyer " and
731-693: The Waikaka Branch connected with the Main South Line nearby in McNab. The original Kingston Flyer ran between Gore, on the main Dunedin-Invercargill line, and Kingston, from where lake steamers provided a connection with Queenstown. It was withdrawn in 1937, although specials continued into the 1950s. The 1970s revival of the Flyer did not include Gore. Before the arrival of Europeans the current site of Gore
774-522: The Americas. The collection as presented in the Eastern Southland Gallery is dominated by a series of large sculptural figures from West Africa, alongside which sit modern art from the United States and New Zealand and Aboriginal art from Australia. The Ralph Hotere Gallery contains a significant number of works by arguably New Zealand's most prominent contemporary artist, Ralph Hotere. This series of works
817-544: The Bank of New South Wales followed suit. After its construction began in the early 1870s, a railway line between Invercargill and Gore was opened on 30 August 1875. By 22 January 1879 the railway had been extended to Balclutha where it linked with an existing line to Dunedin. A private Waimea Plains railway from Gore to Lumsden was opened on 31 July 1880. This was subsequently purchased by the Government in 1886. It connected Gore with
860-532: The Invercargill-Kingston branch line. By 1908 another branch had been completed via McNab to Waikaka. The extension of the railways established Gore as an important hub and had a significant effect on its development. By 1879, The Ensign newspaper was being published in the town, followed in 1887 by the rival Standard . In 1885, Gore was constituted a borough and in 1890 Gordon, by now commonly known as East Gore, amalgamated with Gore. Gore acquired
903-453: The area, this proposal never eventuated and the line was lifted from Balfour all the way back to Gore. The last 2 km section of line from the junction points at Gore to the Gore Gravel and Crushing Company's plant was retained as an industrial siding until it too was closed on 1 October 1972. The 16 kilometres from Lumsden to a silo at Balfour remained open for the transport of wheat, but
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#1732876129379946-477: The census's question about religious affiliation, 47.7% had no religion, 43.1% were Christian , 0.6% had Māori religious beliefs , 0.3% were Hindu , 0.3% were Muslim , 0.2% were Buddhist and 0.8% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 612 (9.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 1,938 (29.7%) people had no formal qualifications. 702 people (10.8%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
989-573: The date as 31 March in Exploring New Zealand's Ghost Railways , while Geoffrey B. Churchman and Tony Hurst state 30 July in The Railways of New Zealand: A Journey Through History ). The following stations were on the Waimea Plains Railway, with in brackets the distance from the junction with the Main South Line at Gore: When the Waimea Plains Railway opened, New Zealand was slipping into
1032-485: The locality became known as "the Long Ford", or Longford. In 1862 a few town sections were surveyed on the west bank of the river and Longford was named Gore as a compliment to Sir Thomas Gore Browne , an early Governor of New Zealand. One of the first buildings was Long Ford House an accommodation house opened by local sawmill owner Daniel Morton. A village named Gordon after Governor Sir Arthur Gordon became established on
1075-458: The marae, creating eight jobs. Gore covers 13.76 km (5.31 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 8,290 as of June 2024, with a population density of 602 people per km . Gore had a population of 7,911 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 219 people (2.8%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 156 people (2.0%) since the 2006 census . There were 3,360 households, comprising 3,807 males and 4,107 females, giving
1118-510: The nearest cities. The Gore District has a resident population of 13,200 (June 2024). The urban area estimated resident population in June 2024 was 8,290, the second largest in Southland. Gore is a service town for the surrounding farm communities. It is divided by the Mataura River into Gore and East Gore, the majority of the town being situated on the western banks of the river. The town
1161-399: The next year's Easter holiday period. Freight trains initially operated out of Lumsden and ran five days a week until 1956. Services were re-organised to operate from Gore in 1959 and operated thrice-weekly. In 1930 and 1952, the line was not considered to be a branch and thus was not assessed in the branch line commissions of those two years, but in 1967, it was announced that its future
1204-618: The opposite bank of the Mataura. By 1864 a road from Balclutha through Gore to Invercargill had been opened for wheeled traffic which allowed the establishment of a regular coach service between Invercargill and Dunedin. By 1877, there were enough business opportunities in the area for the Bank of New Zealand to establish a branch in Gore. Within three years both the Bank of Australasia and the Colonial Bank of New Zealand had also opened branches. In 1899
1247-434: The quantity was not enough to justify the continued existence even of the truncated portion of the line, and it closed on 15 January 1978. Although both nature and human development have taken their toll on what remains of the railway, some remnants survive. Some of the formation has been destroyed by farming, but much of it can still be traced. Both goods shed and passenger shelter still stand at Kingston Crossing, while at
1290-403: The site of Waimea station two points levers are positioned by the old loading bank. Another loading bank exists at St Patricks, complete with a mounted nameboard. In Balfour, the sealed station platform is now a part of a children's playground, and in the former junction town of Lumsden, the station building is used as a tourist centre. The other junction station in Gore remains with a platform as
1333-545: The surrounding area were converted to dairy farms to take advantage of high prices for dairy produce. This growth has led to low unemployment in the town. O Te Ika Rama Marae is in Gore. It is a marae (meeting ground) of the Hokonui Rūnanga branch of Ngāi Tahu , and includes O Te Ika Rama wharenui (meeting house). In October 2020, the government committed $ 424,567 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade
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1376-464: The town's population rise from 5,000 in 1945 to 9,000 in 1976. By the late 1960s, it was reputed to have the highest per-capita retail turnover of any New Zealand town. The farm sector went into decline after 1976 which led to a corresponding decline in the population. Related businesses also closed, including the town's iconic cereal mill, which had processed oats and other grains since 1877. Since 2000 prosperity has returned as large numbers of farms in
1419-522: The whole scheme was "little short of a scam". Bourke says that Governor George Grey not agreeing to purchase the Waimea Plains Railway Company in 1879 was the reason for subsequent fall of the Grey ministry. This and several other private railway companies were later purchased by the new Stout-Vogel ministry. Stout's financial affairs were covered up in 1893 by Richard Seddon , Stout's rival in
1462-399: Was a part of or near the routes used by Maori travellers. Tuturau, near modern Mataura, was the nearest Maori settlement. In 1836 southern Maori repelled a raid from the north, which provided sufficient security for Europeans to purchase land and settle in the area. By the mid-1850s large tracts nearby had been converted into sheep runs. As crossing the Mataura River involved a long fording,
1505-498: Was a secondary railway line (not a branch line ) that linked the towns of Lumsden and Gore in northern Southland , New Zealand . It skirted the Hokonui Hills , and operated as a through route between 31 July 1880 and 1 April 1971, with the short section from Lumsden to Balfour continuing as the Balfour Branch until 15 January 1978. The Waimea Plains Railway was built in order to improve communication between Dunedin and
1548-487: Was built in 1909 as a public library for Gore, one of eighteen Carnegie libraries that were built in New Zealand with funds from American philanthropist Andrew Carnegie . The building was extended in 2003 so that it could accommodate the John Money Collection. The gallery is located at 14 Hokonui Drive, the northern end of Gore's main street, close to the town clocktower and public library. The John Money Collection
1591-651: Was built up over several decades from the 1940s on. Money had become friends with Schoon in Christchurch in the 1940s, and also with many other members of New Zealand's art elite, including Rita Angus and Douglas Lilburn . Schoon's interest in Māori art led to an awakening in similar interests in Money, and from 1947 (when Money moved to Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania) he became a patron of Schoon and Angus and also an avid collector of tribal art, including works from Australia, Africa, and
1634-477: Was considered, the line's passenger services ceased on 17 September 1945. Like the Kingston Branch, the Waimea Plains Railway had regularly seen a significant number of passenger excursions on top of normal services throughout its history, and these continued for over a decade after 1945. 1956 was the last year passenger trains ran each way on the same day over the Waimea Plains, and the last excursions came during
1677-529: Was created in collaboration with poet Hone Tuwhare , and comprises one of the largest and most important collections of work by both Hotere and Tuwhare. 46°05′53″S 168°56′46″E / 46.0980°S 168.9460°E / -46.0980; 168.9460 Gore, New Zealand Gore ( Māori : Maruawai ) is a town and district in the Southland region of the South Island of New Zealand. It has
1720-464: Was operating at less than one third of its capacity. The building's famous "Sgt Dan" remains because rights to it have been purchased by the buildings current owner "Sgt Dan Stockfoods Ltd". The building has a Category I listing with Heritage New Zealand . The former East Gore Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand is one of the two remaining wooden Gothic churches designed by the eminent architect R.A. Lawson . Built in 1880 and registered as
1763-654: Was swift, with the last rail laid on 24 May 1880 and the official opening a couple of months later on 21 July. The Waimea Plains Railway Company was part of several companies speculating in land settlement in Southland set up by politicians including Robert Stout and William Larnach , along with the New Zealand Agricultural Company (set up in London in 1879) and then the New Zealand Land and Loan Company. By 1879 these companies were precarious financially, and
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1806-508: Was that 3,075 (47.1%) people were employed full-time, 960 (14.7%) were part-time, and 183 (2.8%) were unemployed. In Köppen-Geiger climate classification system , it has an oceanic climate . The FM Hokonui radio station broadcasts from Gore to listeners in Southland and South Otago. The smaller, locally owned radio station Cave FM broadcasts in Gore and online. Gore has primary, intermediate and high schools. The two secondary schools in Gore are: The only intermediate school in Gore
1849-512: Was under review. The district negotiated a reprieve for three years, promising extra traffic, and DJ class diesel locomotives replaced steam locomotives on the line in January 1969, but less than 24,000 tonnes were carried annually and through trains ceased running in October 1970, replaced with two shunting services, one from Gore to Riversdale and the other from Lumsden to Kingston Crossing, leaving
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